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Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
196 Cohasset Road Suite 100
Chico, CA 95926
www.sweeneymichel.com
Firm Contact:
Renee Michel
Chief Compliance Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Sweeney &
Michel, LLC. If clients have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at
(530) 487-1777 or renee@sweeneymichel.com. The information in this brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any
State Securities Authority. Additional information about our firm is also available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching CRD #282595.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our firm
and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Clients are
encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who advise
clients for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our employees.
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Date of Brochure: March 31, 2025
Item 2: Material Changes
Sweeney & Michel, LLC is required to make clients aware of information that has changed since the
last annual update to the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) and that may be important to them. Clients
can then determine whether to review the brochure in its entirety or to contact us with questions
about the changes.
Since our last annual amendment filed on March 12, 2024, we have had no material changes to
disclose.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page
Item 2: Material Changes
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 4: Advisory Business
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Item 15: Custody
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Item 18: Financial Information
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Our firm is dedicated to providing individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of
investment advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the
State of California in 2016 and has been in business as an investment adviser since that time. Our
firm is owned by Renee Michel and Joseph Sweeney.
Our firm provides asset management and investment consulting services for many different types of
clients to help meet their financial goals while remaining sensitive to risk tolerance and time
horizons. As a fiduciary it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest. This is accomplished
in part by knowing the client. Our firm has established a service-oriented advisory practice with
open lines of communication. Working with clients to understand their investment objectives while
educating them about our process, facilitates the kind of working relationship we value.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Comprehensive Wealth Management:
We offer Comprehensive Wealth Management through wrapped accounts only. Please see our
separate Wrap Fee Program Brochure for complete information regarding this advisory service.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm provides a variety of standalone financial planning and consulting services to clients for
the management of financial resources based upon an analysis of current situation, goals, and
objectives. Financial planning services will typically involve preparing a financial plan or rendering
a financial consultation for clients based on the client’s financial goals and objectives. This planning
or consulting may encompass Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Estate Planning,
Charitable Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal Tax Planning, Cost Segregation
Study, Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis, Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance Analysis, Lines
of Credit Evaluation, or Business and Personal Financial Planning.
Written financial plans or financial consultations rendered to clients usually include general
recommendations for a course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the clients.
Implementation of the recommendations will be at the discretion of the client. Our firm provides
clients with a summary of their financial situation, and observations for financial planning
engagements. Financial consultations are not typically accompanied by a written summary of
observations and recommendations, as the process is less formal than the planning service.
Assuming that all the information and documents requested from the client are provided promptly,
plans or consultations are typically completed within one (1) month of the client signing a contract
with our firm.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our firm provides retirement plan consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an ongoing
basis. Generally, such consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in
establishing, monitoring and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the
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needs of the plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising could include: investment options, plan
structure and participant education, cost structure, risk analysis and performance measurement.
Retirement Plan Consulting services typically include:
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● Establishing an Investment Policy Statement – Our firm will assist in the development of a
statement that summarizes the investment goals and objectives along with the broad
strategies to be employed to meet the objectives.
Investment Options – Our firm will work with the Plan Sponsor to evaluate existing
investment options and make recommendations for appropriate changes.
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● Asset Allocation and Portfolio Construction – Our firm will develop strategic asset allocation
models to aid Participants in developing strategies to meet their investment objectives, time
horizon, financial situation and tolerance for risk.
Investment Monitoring – Our firm will monitor the performance of the investments and
notify the client in the event of over/underperformance and in times of market volatility.
In providing services for retirement plan consulting, our firm does not provide any advisory
services with respect to the following types of assets: employer securities, real estate (excluding
real estate funds and publicly traded REITS), participant loans, non-publicly traded securities or
assets, other illiquid investments, or brokerage window programs (collectively, “Excluded Assets”).
All retirement plan consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable state laws
regulating retirement consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are retirement or
other employee benefit plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended (“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and our firm accepts
appointments to provide services to such accounts, our firm acknowledges its fiduciary standard
within the meaning of Section 3(21) of ERISA as designated by the Retirement Plan Consulting
Agreement with respect to the provision of services described therein. To the extent our firm
accepts discretionary authority with respect to the management of plan assets, our firm
acknowledges it is also a fiduciary within the meaning of Section 3(38) of ERISA.
Tailoring of Advisory Services
Our firm offers general investment advice to clients utilizing our Financial Planning & Consulting,
Retirement Plan Consulting. Clients subscribing to our Wrap Fee Program have the opportunity to
place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments to be held in the portfolio. Restrictions on
investments in certain securities or types of securities may not be possible due to the level of
difficulty this would entail in managing the account.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm only offers wrap fee accounts to our clients, which are managed on an individualized basis
according to the client’s investment objectives, financial goals, risk tolerance, etc. Please see our
Part 2A, Appendix 1 (the “Wrap Fee Program Brochure”) for more information.
ERISA Accounts
When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or individual
retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act (“ERISA”) and/or the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), as applicable, which
are laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your
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interests, so we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put
our interest ahead of yours. Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
● Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give
prudent advice);
● Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal
advice);
● Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
● Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best
interest;
● Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
● Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
Our firm manages $552,284,634 on a discretionary basis and $73,630,654 on a non-discretionary
basis as of December 31, 2024.
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Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Comprehensive Wealth Management:
Please see our Wrap Fee Program Brochure.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm charges on an hourly or flat fee basis for financial planning and consulting services. The
total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our
engagement with the client. The maximum hourly fee to be charged will not exceed $250. Flat fees
range from $1,500 to $10,000. Our firm does not require a retainer. The fee will be directly billed to
the client and due within thirty (30) days of a financial plan being delivered or consultation
rendered. Our firm will not require a retainer or any prepayment exceeding $1200 when services
cannot be rendered within 6 (six) months.
Retirement Plan Consulting:
Our Retirement Plan Consulting services are billed on an hourly or flat fee basis or a fee based on
the percentage of Plan assets under management. The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee
charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with the client. The maximum
hourly fee to be charged will not exceed $250. Our flat fee will start at $1,500 depending on the size
of the plan and a higher fee will be assessed in the Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement. Fees
based on a percentage of managed Plan assets will not exceed 0.75%. The fee-paying arrangements
for Retirement Plan Consulting service will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be
detailed in the signed consulting agreement.
Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Our firm only offers wrap fee accounts to our clients, which are managed on an individualized basis
according to the client’s investment objectives, financial goals, risk tolerance, etc. Wrap clients will
not incur transaction costs for trades by their chosen custodian. Please see our Part 2A, Appendix 1
(the “Wrap Fee Program Brochure”) for more information.
Please note that clients with accounts held at American Funds will be subject to their $10 annual
account custody fee.
Termination & Refunds
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Comprehensive Wealth
Management service in writing at any time. Upon notice of termination pro-rata advisory fees for
services rendered to the point of termination will be charged. If advisory fees cannot be deducted,
our firm will send an invoice for due advisory fees to the client.
Financial Planning & Consulting clients may terminate their agreement at any time before the
delivery of a financial plan by providing written notice. For purposes of calculating refunds, all work
performed by us up to the point of termination shall be calculated at the hourly fee currently in
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effect. Clients will be charged on a pro-rata basis, which takes into account work completed by our
firm on behalf of the client. Clients will incur charges for bona fide advisory services rendered up to
the point of termination (determined as 30 days from receipt of said written notice) and such fees
will be due and payable.
Either party to a Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement may terminate at any time by providing
written notice to the other party. Full refunds will only be made in cases where cancellation occurs
within five (5) business days of signing an agreement. After five (5) business days from initial
signing, either party must provide the other party thirty (30) days written notice to terminate
billing. Billing will terminate 30 days after receipt of termination notice. Clients will be charged on a
pro-rata basis, which takes into account work completed by our firm on behalf of the client. Clients
will incur charges for bona fide advisory services rendered up to the point of termination
(determined as 30 days from receipt of said written notice) and such fees will be due and payable.
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Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
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Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Our firm has the following types of clients:
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Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals;
● Trusts, Estates or Charitable Organizations;
● Pension and Profit Sharing Plans;
● Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types
Our requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging us:
● Written financial plans are generally assessed a minimum fee of $750.
There are no transaction based fees for any client that participates in our Wrap Fee Program.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of
Loss
Methods of Analysis
We use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing
client assets:
Fundamental analysis considers the economic, financial, and other qualitative/quantitative factors
that may impact the price of a security. Fundamental analysis attempts to measure its intrinsic value
as compared to its current price. Risks may include using incorrect assumptions, financial
misreporting and/or failure by management to disclose key, material events, and unforeseen
micro/macroeconomic factors that may cause the price of a security to diverge from its intrinsic
value.
Asset Allocation: We believe in diversifying investments over various sectors of the fixed income and
equity markets. Each sector of the market carries its own risk and return characteristics. According
to Modern Portfolio Theory, individual holdings and sectors are subject to both systematic
(widespread) and unsystematic (company or industry-specific) risk. By investing in more than one
stock or sector of the market, an investor can reap the benefits of reducing the unsystematic risks
associated with a single holding or sector of the market. This, in theory, should reduce the overall
risk in the portfolio.
Investment Strategies We Use
We use the following strategies in managing client accounts, provided that such strategies are
appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Long-Term Purchases: We may buy securities for your account and hold them for a relatively long
time (more than a year) in anticipation that the security’s value will appreciate over a long horizon.
The risk of this strategy is that we could miss out on potential short-term gains that could have been
profitable to your account. Moreover, if our predictions are incorrect, it’s possible that the security’s
value may decline sharply before we make a decision to sell.
Short-Term Purchases: We may buy securities for your account and decide to sell them within a
relatively short time horizon (less than a year) in order to capitalize on short-term price
fluctuations. There’s no guarantee, however, that this strategy will be able to produce gains.
Debt Securities (Bonds): Issuers use debt securities to borrow money. Generally, issuers pay
investors periodic interest and repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the
security and/or at maturity. Alternatively, investors can purchase other debt securities, such as zero
coupon bonds, which do not pay current interest, but rather are priced at a discount from their face
values and their values accrete over time to face value at maturity. The market prices of debt
securities fluctuate depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality, and maturity. In
general, market prices of debt securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest
rates fall. Bonds with longer rates of maturity tend to have greater interest rate risks.
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Certain additional risk factors relating to debt securities include: (a) When interest rates are
declining, investors have to reinvest their interest income and any return of principal, whether
scheduled or unscheduled, at lower prevailing rates.; (b) Inflation causes tomorrow’s dollar to be
worth less than today’s; in other words, it reduces the purchasing power of a bond investor’s future
interest payments and principal, collectively known as “cash flows.” Inflation also leads to higher
interest rates, which in turn leads to lower bond prices.; (c) Debt securities may be sensitive to
economic changes, political and corporate developments, and interest rate changes. Investors can
also expect periods of economic change and uncertainty, which can result in increased volatility of
market prices and yields of certain debt securities. For example, prices of these securities can be
affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) relating to the
security or other assets or indices. (d) Debt securities may contain redemption or call provisions
entitling their issuers to redeem them at a specified price on a date prior to maturity. If an issuer
exercises these provisions in a lower interest rate market, the account would have to replace the
security with a lower yielding security, resulting in decreased income to investors. Usually, a bond is
called at or close to par value. This subjects investors that paid a premium for their bond risk of lost
principal. In reality, prices of callable bonds are unlikely to move much above the call price if lower
interest rates make the bond likely to be called.; (e) If the issuer of a debt security defaults on its
obligations to pay interest or principal or is the subject of bankruptcy proceedings, the account may
incur losses or expenses in seeking recovery of amounts owed to it.; (f) There may be little trading
in the secondary market for particular debt securities, which may adversely affect the account's
ability to value accurately or dispose of such debt securities. Adverse publicity and investor
perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or
liquidity of debt securities.
Our firm attempts to reduce the risks described above through diversification of the client’s
portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and
corporate and legislative developments, but there can be no assurance that our firm will be
successful in doing so. Credit ratings for debt securities provided by rating agencies reflect an
evaluation of the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk. The rating of an
issuer is a rating agency's view of past and future potential developments related to the issuer and
may not necessarily reflect actual outcomes. There can be a lag between the time of developments
relating to an issuer and the time a rating is assigned and updated.
Equity Securities: Equity securities represent an ownership position in a company. Equity securities
typically consist of common stocks. The prices of equity securities fluctuate based on, among other
things, events specific to their issuers and market, economic and other conditions. For example,
prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties
(such as derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices. There may be little trading in
the secondary market for particular equity securities, which may adversely affect our firm 's ability
to value accurately or dispose of such equity securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions,
whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of equity
securities. Investing in smaller companies may pose additional risks as it is often more difficult to
value or dispose of small company stocks, more difficult to obtain information about smaller
companies, and the prices of their stocks may be more volatile than stocks of larger, more
established companies. Clients should have a long-term perspective and, for example, be able to
tolerate potentially sharp declines in value.
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”): An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-end
fund or unit investment trust) whose primary objective is to achieve the same return as a particular
market index. The vast majority of ETFs are designed to track an index, so their performance is
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close to that of an index mutual fund, but they are not exact duplicates. A tracking error, or the
difference between the returns of a fund and the returns of the index, can arise due to differences in
composition, management fees, expenses, and handling of dividends. ETFs benefit from continuous
pricing; they can be bought and sold on a stock exchange throughout the trading day. Because ETFs
trade like stocks, you can place orders just like with individual stocks - such as limit orders,
good-until-canceled orders, stop loss orders etc. They can also be sold short. Traditional mutual
funds are bought and redeemed based on their net asset values (“NAV”) at the end of the day. ETFs
are bought and sold at the market prices on the exchanges, which resemble the underlying NAV but
are independent of it. However, arbitrageurs will ensure that ETF prices are kept very close to the
NAV of the underlying securities. Although an investor can buy as few as one share of an ETF, most
buy in board lots. Anything bought in less than a board lot will increase the cost to the investor.
Anyone can buy any ETF no matter where in the world it trades. This provides a benefit over mutual
funds, which generally can only be bought in the country in which they are registered.
One of the main features of ETFs are their low annual fees, especially when compared to traditional
mutual funds. The passive nature of index investing, reduced marketing, and distribution and
accounting expenses all contribute to the lower fees. However, individual investors must pay a
brokerage commission to purchase and sell ETF shares; for those investors who trade frequently,
this can significantly increase the cost of investing in ETFs. That said, with the advent of low-cost
brokerage fees, small or frequent purchases of ETFs are becoming more cost efficient.
Mutual Funds: A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests that
money in a variety of differing security types based on the objectives of the fund. The portfolio of
the fund consists of the combined holdings it owns. Each share represents an investor’s
proportionate ownership of the fund’s holdings and the income those holdings generate. The price
that investors pay for mutual fund shares are the fund’s per share net asset value (“NAV”) plus any
shareholder fees that the fund imposes at the time of purchase (such as sales loads). Investors
typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they
directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades.
With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information
with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser.
Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even second to
second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems shares
will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which is calculated daily after market close.
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally
managed by an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance of the
securities purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification,
which is an investing strategy that generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”
Spreading investments across a wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the
risk if a company or sector fails. Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification through
ownership of mutual funds rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.; (c) Some
mutual funds accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting relatively
low dollar amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.; and (d) At any
time, mutual fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any fees and
charges assessed on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a) Investors
must pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs.
Depending on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes on any capital
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gains distributions they receive. This includes instances where the fund performed poorly after
purchasing shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio
at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells
or the timing of those trades.; and (c) With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or
close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by
calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes
from hour to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an
investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might
not calculate until many hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must
calculate their NAV at least once every business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close.
When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax each
year on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have to pay
any capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds, however, are
different. When an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income tax on
any ordinary dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in addition to
owing taxes on any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares, the investor may have to
pay taxes each year on the fund’s capital gains. That is because the law requires mutual funds to
distribute capital gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit and cannot use losses to
offset these gains.
Margin Transactions: If your account is set up for margin transactions, we may buy on margin for
your account. Buying on margin is essentially borrowing money from a broker/custodian to
purchase the security. Because using borrowed money amplifies gains and losses, buying on margin
can substantially increase the risk of your portfolio.
Options: An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option
writer) to another party (the option holder, or option buyer). The contract offers the buyer the right,
but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the
strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are
extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice,
while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option
buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the performance of a:
● Call Option: Call options give the option to buy at a certain price, so the buyer would want
the stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares in
the event that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation.
An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop
relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap
maximum profit. This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer believes
that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock
for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying stock does not close
above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer would lose the premium paid
for the call option.
● Put Option: Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want the
stock to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option
buyer is bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the
specified strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who
sells a put option believes the underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price
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on or before the expiration date. If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified
strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved.
Conversely, a put option holder would only benefit from a fall in the underlying stock's price
below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put
option writer is obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer the
option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices can
move very quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of the
stock price to the option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big movements
in the underlying options.
Covered Calls: The risks associated with this type of strategy involve having the underlying stock
called away. Each contract has a strike price at which the writer of the contract agrees to allow the
purchaser to call the stock away from the writer. This can create a taxable event whereby the writer
of the option is required to recognize a capital gain on the underlying security. Furthermore, the
market price could appreciate beyond the strike price, forcing the writer to sell their holdings below
current market value.
Interval Funds: An interval fund is a type of closed-end fund that periodically offers to repurchase its
shares from shareholders. Shareholders are not required to accept these offers and sell their shares
back to the fund. Shares typically do not trade on the secondary market. Instead, their shares are
subject to periodic repurchase offers by the fund at a price based on net asset value. Interval funds
are permitted to deduct a redemption fee from the repurchase proceeds, not to exceed 2% of the
proceeds. The fee is paid to the fund, and generally is intended to compensate the fund for expenses
directly related to the repurchase. Interval funds may charge other fees as well. In addition to the
risks associated with pooled investment vehicles generally as described above, the specific risk
associated with interval funds is that it is less liquid than other open-end mutual funds that can
generally be redeemed at any time. Thus, a client may not be able to redeem his or her investment
until a redemption window is available.
Alternatives: Investing in alternative investment products like private placements and limited
partnerships, e.g., are generally more speculative, less transparent, and subject to a higher degree of
volatility as compared to more traditional asset classes. Alternative investment products also tend
to be less liquid, and a client may not be able to redeem his or her investment until a redemption
window is available. Such investment products are generally more difficult to value than
exchange-listed securities, and therefore are more reliant on individual judgment as opposed to
market prices when determining a valuation. Investors into alternative investment products are
typically required to be either accredited investors, qualified clients, or both, and should carefully
consider the specific risks described in the applicable private placement memorandum, limited
partnership agreement, and other fund-related disclosure documents.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock
market may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market
may decrease and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks
associated with investing in the stock market, are appropriately diversified in investments, and ask
any questions. Clients must also notify our firm of life changes or risk tolerance changes that may
alter the asset allocation of their portfolio.
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Description of Material, Significant or Unusual Risks
Our firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of
Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, our
firm tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk
conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a
money market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our Wrap
Fee Program accounts.
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Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory business
or the integrity of our management.
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Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Katie Junk, a representative of Sweeney & Michel, LLC, is also a licensed insurance professional. The
implementation of insurance recommendations is performed by Mrs. Junk in her separate capacity.
This creates a conflict of interest to the extent a client compensates Mrs. Junk through an insurance
commission in addition to the wrap fee payable to Sweeney & Michel, LLC. This conflict is mitigated
since no insurance commissions are payable to or shared with our firm. Clients are under no
obligation to implement any recommendations made by our firm or Mrs. Junk. Full disclosure will
be made of any commissions payable to Mrs. Junk in her capacity as an insurance agent.
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Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions & Personal Trading
As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all
material facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of our clients at all times. Our fiduciary
duty is the underlying principle for our firm’s Code of Ethics, which includes procedures for
personal securities transaction and insider trading. Our firm requires all representatives to conduct
business with the highest level of ethical standards and to comply with all federal and state
securities laws at all times. Upon employment with our firm, and at least annually thereafter, all
representatives of our firm will acknowledge receipt, understanding and compliance with our firm’s
Code of Ethics. Our firm and representatives must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair
manner and avoid all circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of
complete loyalty to all clients. This disclosure is provided to give all clients a summary of our Code
of Ethics. If a client or a potential client wishes to review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy
will be provided promptly upon request.
Our firm recognizes that the personal investment transactions of our representatives demand the
application of a Code of Ethics with high standards and requires that all such transactions be carried
out in a way that does not endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, our firm also
believes that if investment goals are similar for clients and for our representatives, it is logical, and
even desirable, that there be common ownership of some securities.
In order to prevent conflicts of interest, our firm has established procedures for transactions
effected by our representatives for their personal accounts1. In order to monitor compliance with
our personal trading policy, our firm has pre-clearance requirements and a quarterly securities
transaction reporting system for all of our representatives.
Neither our firm nor a related person recommends, buys or sells for client accounts, securities in
which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest without prior disclosure to the
client.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also
recommended to clients. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place
client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which
is available upon request.
Likewise, related persons of our firm buy or sell securities for themselves at or about the same time
they buy or sell the same securities for client accounts. In order to minimize this conflict of interest,
our related persons will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s
Code of Ethics, a copy of which is available upon request. Further, our related persons will refrain
from buying or selling the same securities prior to buying or selling for our clients in the same day.
If related persons’ accounts are included in a block trade, our related persons will always trade
personal accounts last.
1 For purposes of the policy, our associate’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of our associate, his/her
spouse, his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which our associate is a trustee or executor,
or (c) which our associate controls, including our client accounts which our associate controls and/or a member of his/her household has
a direct or indirect beneficial interest in.
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Selecting a Brokerage Firm
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets, we are deemed to have custody
of certain client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts (see Item 15
Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained by a qualified custodian. Our firm seeks to
recommend a custodian who will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms that are
overall most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their services. The
factors considered, among others, are these:
● Timeliness of execution
● Timeliness and accuracy of trade confirmations
● Research services provided
● Ability to provide investment ideas
● Execution facilitation services provided
● Record keeping services provided
● Custody services provided
● Frequency and correction of trading errors
● Ability to access a variety of market venues
● Experience as it relates to specific securities
● Financial condition
● Business reputation
● Quality of services
Our firm has an arrangement with National Financial Services LLC and Fidelity Brokerage Services
LLC (collectively, and together with all affiliates, "Fidelity") through which Fidelity provides our firm
with "institutional platform services." Our firm is independently operated and owned and is not
affiliated with Fidelity. The institutional platform services include, among others, brokerage,
custody, and other related services. Fidelity's institutional platform services that assist us in
managing and administering clients' accounts include software and other technology that (i)
provide access to client account data (such as trade confirmations and account statements); (ii)
facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts; (iii)
provide research, pricing and other market data; (iv) facilitate payment of fees from its clients'
accounts; and (v) assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Fidelity generally does not charge its advisor clients separately for custody services but is
compensated by account holders through transaction commissions and other transaction-related or
asset-based fees for securities trades that are executed through Fidelity or that settle into Fidelity
accounts (i.e., transactions fees are charged for certain no-load mutual funds, commissions are
charged for individual equity and debt securities transactions). Fidelity provides access to many
exchange traded funds and no-load mutual funds without transaction charges and other no-load
funds at nominal transaction charges.
Fidelity is providing our firm with certain brokerage and research products and services that
qualify as "brokerage or research services" under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 ("Exchange Act").
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Our firm has an arrangement with Fidelity which provides our firm with Fidelity’s “platform”
services. The platform services include, among others, brokerage, custodial, administrative support,
record keeping and related services that are intended to support our firm in conducting business
and in serving the best interests of our clients but that may benefit our firm.
As part of the arrangement described above, Fidelity also makes certain research and brokerage
services available at no additional cost to our firm. These services include certain research and
brokerage services, including research services obtained by Fidelity directly from independent
research companies, as selected by our firm (within specific parameters). Research products and
services provided by Fidelity to our firm may include research reports on recommendations or
other information about, particular companies or industries; economic surveys, data and analyses;
financial publications; portfolio evaluation services; financial database software and services;
computerized news and pricing services; quotation equipment for use in running software used in
investment decision-making; and other products or services that provide lawful and appropriate
assistance by Fidelity to our firm in the performance of our investment decision-making
responsibilities. The aforementioned research and brokerage services may be used by our firm to
manage accounts for which we have investment discretion. Without this arrangement, our firm
might be compelled to purchase the same or similar services at our own expense.
As a result of receiving the services discussed, we may have an incentive to continue to use or
expand the use of Fidelity’s services. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest when we
chose to enter into the relationship with Fidelity and we have determined that the relationship is in
the best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our client obligations, including our duty to seek
best execution. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost,
but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the
full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution
capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to
the benefit of all clients, our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates
for specific client account transactions.
Fidelity charges brokerage commissions and transaction fees for effecting certain securities
transactions (i.e., transaction fees are charged for certain no-load mutual funds, commissions are
charged for individual equity and debt securities transactions). Fidelity enables us to obtain many
no-load mutual funds and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) without transaction charges and other
no-load funds at nominal transaction charges. Fidelity’s commission rates are generally discounted
from customary retail commission rates. However, the commission and transaction fees charged by
Fidelity may be higher or lower than those charged by other custodians and broker-dealers.
Our firm also has an arrangement with T. Rowe Price and John Hancock (which are qualified
custodians from whom our firm is independently owned and operated) as well as American Funds
Service Company (which is a transfer agent from whom our firm is independently owned and
operated). Collectively, T. Rowe Price, John Hancock, and American Funds Service Company
(collectively, the “Fund Providers”) offer services to independent investment advisers which include
custody of securities, trade execution, clearance and settlement of transactions. The Fund Providers
enable us to obtain many no-load mutual funds without transaction charges and other no-load
funds at nominal transaction charges. The Fund Providers do not charge client accounts separately
for custodial services. Client accounts will be charged transaction fees, commissions or other fees on
trades that are executed or settle into the client’s custodial account since the Fund Providers offer a
separate arrangement from our Wrap Fee Program that utilizes Fidelity as a custodian. With respect
to the Fund Providers (and not Fidelity), transaction fees will typically be charged via individual
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transaction charges. These fees are negotiated with the Fund Providers and are generally
discounted from customary retail commission rates. This benefits clients because the overall fee
paid is often lower than would be otherwise.
The Fund Providers generally make certain research and brokerage services available at no
additional cost to our firm. Research products and services provided by the Fund Providers may
include: research reports on recommendations or other information about particular companies or
industries; economic surveys, data and analyses; financial publications; portfolio evaluation
services; financial database software and services; computerized news and pricing services;
quotation equipment for use in running software used in investment decision-making; and other
products or services that provide lawful and appropriate assistance by the Fund Providers to our
firm in the performance of our investment decision-making responsibilities. The aforementioned
research and brokerage services qualify for the safe harbor exemption defined in Section 28(e) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The Fund Providers do not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions
available for our firm’s use. The aforementioned research and brokerage services are used by our
firm to manage accounts for which our firm has investment discretion. Without this arrangement,
our firm might be compelled to purchase the same or similar services at our own expense.
As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, our firm will endeavor at all times to put the interests of
our clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by our firm
or our related persons creates a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly influence our firm’s
choice of the Fund Providers. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest when our firm
chose to recommend the Fund Providers and have determined that the recommendation is in the
best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our duty to seek
best execution.
Our non-wrap fee clients may pay a transaction fee or commission to the Fund Providers that is
higher than another qualified broker dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where our
firm determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the
brokerage and research services provided to the client as a whole.
In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a
broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission
rates, and responsiveness. Although our firm will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients,
our firm may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client account
transactions.
Soft Dollars
Our firm receives from Fidelity certain additional economic benefits (“Additional Services”) that
may or may not be offered to any other independent investment Advisors participating in the
program. Specifically, the Additional Services included Fidelity making a one-time payment to cover
certain technology expenses associated with Orion Advisor Services and certain compliance
expenses associated with our previous compliance consultant. Fidelity provides the Additional
Services to our firm in its sole discretion and at its own expense. Our firm does not pay any fees to
Fidelity for the Additional Services.
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Aside from this, our firm does not receive soft dollars in excess of what is allowed by Section 28(e)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The safe harbor research products and services obtained by
our firm will generally be used to service all of our clients but not necessarily all at any one
particular time.
Client Brokerage Commissions
Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals. Fidelity does not make client brokerage
commissions generated by client transactions available for our firm’s use. Our firm does not direct
client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar benefits.
Directed Brokerage
Neither our firm nor any of our firm’s representatives have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers-dealers and/or custodians with whom orders for the purchase or sale
of securities are placed for execution, and the commission rates at which such securities
transactions are effected. Our firm routinely recommends that clients direct us to execute through a
specified broker-dealer. Our firm recommends the use of Fidelity and the Fund Providers. Each
client will be required to establish their account(s) with Fidelity and the Fund Providers if not
already done. Please note that not all advisers have this requirement.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account
through a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such
direction is permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the
plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and
empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services
purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, we will request that plan
sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement
will be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
We perform investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the
same security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar
investment objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either
advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only
when we believe that to do so will be in the best interest of the affected accounts. When such
concurrent authorizations occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is
deemed equitable to the accounts involved. In any given situation, we attempt to allocate trade
executions in the most equitable manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives,
current asset allocation and availability of funds using price averaging, proration and consistently
non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
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Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our management personnel or financial advisors review accounts on at least a quarterly basis for
our clients subscribing to our Wrap Fee Program. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether
client accounts are in line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on
market conditions, and investment policies, if applicable. Our firm will provide a portfolio
evaluation, asset allocation, portfolio income, and performance measurement and analysis of cash
additions or withdrawals on written reports to clients. Verbal reports to clients take place on at
least an annual basis when our Wrap Fee Program clients are contacted.
Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors
which may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events,
requests by the client, etc.
Financial Planning clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take action to
schedule a financial consultation with us. Our firm does not provide ongoing services to financial
planning clients, but are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to
their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Financial Planning clients do not receive written or
verbal updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately engage our firm for a
post-financial plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan.
Retirement Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their retirement plans for the duration of the
service. Our firm also provides ongoing services where clients are met with upon their request to
discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Retirement Plan Consulting
clients do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their plans unless they choose to
engage our firm for ongoing services.
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Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Fidelity Brokerage Services, LLC
Except for the arrangements outlined in Item 12 of this brochure, we have no additional
arrangements to disclose.
Referral Fees
Our
firm does not pay referral fees (non-commission based) to independent solicitors
(non-registered representatives) for the referral of their clients to our firm in accordance with Rule
206 (4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
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Item 15: Custody
For clients that do not have their fees deducted directly from their account(s) and have not provided
us with any standing letters of authorization (“SLOAs”) to distribute funds from their account(s) to
third parties, we will not have any custody of client funds or securities.
For clients that have their fees deducted directly from their account(s) or that have provided us with
discretion as to amount and timing of disbursements pursuant to an SLOA to disburse funds from
their account(s) to third parties, we will generally be deemed to have custody over such clients’
funds pursuant to applicable custody rules and guidance thereto. At no time will we accept custody
of client funds or securities in the capacity of a custodial broker-dealer or other qualified custodian,
and at all times client accounts will be held by a third-party qualified custodian as described in Item
12, above.
With respect to custody that is triggered by third party SLOAs, we endeavor to comply with the
following seven conditions as listed in the 2017 SEC No Action Letter to the Investment Adviser
Association:
1. The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the
client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third
party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
2. The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s
form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or
from time to time.
3. The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as
a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization, and provides a
transfer of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
4. The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified
custodian.
5. The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the
third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the
client’s instruction.
6. The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party
of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
7. The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
If a client receives account statements from both the custodial broker-dealer and us or a third-party
report provider, client is urged to compare such account statements and advise us of any
discrepancies between them.
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Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients will provide our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to an executed
investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, our firm is authorized to
execute securities transactions, determine which securities are bought and sold, and the total
amount to be bought and sold. Limitations may be imposed by the client in the form of specific
constraints on any of these areas of discretion with our firm’s written acknowledgement.
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Item 17: Voting Client Securities
SEC Rule 206(4)-6 requires investment advisers who have voting authority with respect to
securities held in their clients’ accounts to monitor corporate actions and vote proxies in their
clients’ interests. Our firm is required by the SEC to adopt written policies and procedures, make
those policies and procedures available to clients, and retain certain records with respect to proxy
votes cast.
Our firm considers proxy voting an important right of our clients as shareholders and believe that
reasonable care and diligence must be taken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely
exercised. When our firm has discretion to vote the proxies of our clients, our firm will vote those
proxies in the client’s best interests and in accordance with these policies and procedures. Clients
may request a copy of our written policies and procedures regarding proxy voting and/or
information on how particular proxies were voted by contacting our Chief Compliance Officer,
Renee Michel, by phone at (530) 487-1777 or email at renee@sweeneymichel.com.
Policy for Voting Proxies
All proxies received by our firm will be given to our Chief Compliance Officer or designated person
for processing. Our Chief Compliance Officer will determine which accounts managed by our firm
hold the security to which the proxy relates. These accounts and their shareholdings will be
matched to the proxies received for each security. Missing proxies or significant variances in shares
held will be investigated.
A grid of securities being voted will be updated with each proxy being voted. The grid will also
contain a list of clients with the security voted upon. Our Chief Compliance Officer will review each
item for voting on each proxy. Based on our proxy voting guidelines outlined below, a determination
of how our firm votes will be made. Proxies will generally be voted online unless custodian requires
mailed forms. In the absence of standing voting guidelines from the client, our firm will vote proxies
in accordance with Board recommendation.
Our firm seeks to ensure compliance with the new Exchange Act Rule 14a-11. In accordance with
the aforementioned rule, our firm provides shareholders with the opportunity to nominate
directors at a shareholder meeting under the applicable state or foreign law. Clients also have the
ability to have their nominees included in the company proxy materials sent to all of our
shareholders. Furthermore, the clients as shareholders also have the ability to use the shareholder
proposal process to establish procedures for the inclusion of shareholder director nominations in
company proxy materials.
Proxies Voting Guidelines
Where voting authority exists, proxies are voted by our firm according to Board recommendations
in categories listed below among others unless not deemed to be in the best interests of the client:
●
●
for directors and for management on routine matters;
for a limit on or reduction of the number of directors, and for an increase in the number of
directors on a case by case basis;
● against the creation of a tiered board;
●
for the elimination of cumulative voting;
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●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
for independence of auditors;
for deferred compensation;
for profit sharing plans;
for stock option plans unless the plan could result in material dilution to shares outstanding
or is excessive;
for stock repurchases;
for an increase in authorized shares unless the authorization effectively results in a blind
investment pool for shareholders;
for reductions in the par value of stock;
for company name changes;
for routine appointments of auditors.
Our firm abstains on motions to limit directors' liability. Material issues not addressed above (e.g.,
mergers, poison pills, social investing and miscellaneous shareholder proposals) are dealt with on a
case-by-case basis.
Our firm will defer to instruction from clients in all voting matters. Records of all issues and votes
are maintained and reported to clients as requested.
Our firm recognizes that under certain circumstances our firm may have a conflict of interest
between us and our clients. Such circumstances may include, but are not limited to, situations
where our firm or one or more of our affiliates, including officers, directors and employees, has or is
seeking a client relationship with the issuer of the security that is the subject of the proxy vote. Our
firm shall periodically inform our employees that they are under an obligation to be aware of the
potential for conflicts of interest on the part of our firm with respect to voting proxies on behalf of
funds, both as a result of our employee’s personal relationships and due to circumstances that may
arise during the conduct of our business, and to bring conflicts of interest of which they become
aware to the attention of the proxy manager. Our firm shall not vote proxies relating to such issuers
on behalf of client accounts until our firm has determined that the conflict of interest is not material
or a method of resolving such conflict of interest has been agreed upon by our management team. A
conflict of interest will be considered material to the extent that it is determined that such conflict
has the potential to influence our decision-making in voting a proxy. Materiality determinations will
be based upon an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. If our firm determines that
a conflict of interest is not material, our firm may vote proxies notwithstanding the existence of a
conflict. If the conflict of interest is determined to be material, the conflict shall be disclosed to our
management team and our firm shall follow the instructions of the management team.
Our Chief Compliance Officer will maintain files relating to our proxy voting procedures. Records
will be maintained and preserved for 5 years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last
entry was made on a record, with records for the last two years kept on our premises. Records of
the following will be included in the files:
● a copy of each proxy statement that our firm receives, provided however that our firm may
rely on obtaining a copy of proxy statements from the SEC’s EDGAR system for those proxy
statements that are available;
● a record of each vote that our firm casts;
● a copy of any document our firm created that was material to making a decision how to vote
proxies, or that memorializes that decision;
● a copy of each written client request for information on how our firm voted such client’s
proxies, and a copy of any written response to any client request for information on how our
firm voted their proxies.
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Our written policies and procedures regarding proxy voting are disclosed here. Information on how
particular proxies were voted may contact our Chief Compliance Officer, Renee Michel, by phone at
(530) 487-1777 or email at renee@sweeneymichel.com.
Our firm does not pay for proxy voting services with soft dollars. Also, our firm does not charge an
additional fee to vote proxies.
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Item 18: Financial Information
Our firm is not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
● Our firm does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees and six or more
months in advance.
● Our firm does not take custody of client funds or securities.
● Our firm does not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients.
● Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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