Overview

Assets Under Management: $308 million
Headquarters: NEEDHAM, MA
High-Net-Worth Clients: 78
Average Client Assets: $4 million

Services Offered

Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals, Pension Consulting

Fee Structure

Primary Fee Schedule (DARROW WEALTH MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURE BROCHURE)

MinMaxMarginal Fee Rate
$0 and above 1.00%

Minimum Annual Fee: $5,000

Illustrative Fee Rates
Total AssetsAnnual FeesAverage Fee Rate
$1 million $10,000 1.00%
$5 million $50,000 1.00%
$10 million $100,000 1.00%
$50 million $500,000 1.00%
$100 million $1,000,000 1.00%

Clients

Number of High-Net-Worth Clients: 78
Percentage of Firm Assets Belonging to High-Net-Worth Clients: 94.90
Average High-Net-Worth Client Assets: $4 million
Total Client Accounts: 381
Discretionary Accounts: 381

Regulatory Filings

CRD Number: 105679
Last Filing Date: 2025-02-21 00:00:00
Website: https://darrowwealthmanagement.com

Form ADV Documents

Additional Brochure: DARROW WEALTH MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURE BROCHURE (2025-09-08)

View Document Text
The Darrow Company, Inc. d/b/a Darrow Wealth Management 200 Reservoir Street, Suite 303 Needham, MA 02494 Telephone: 978-369-5144 www.darrowwealthmanagement.com September 8, 2025 FORM ADV PART 2A BROCHURE This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Darrow Wealth Management. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, contact us at 978-369- 5144. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Additional information about Darrow Wealth Management is available on the SEC's website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Darrow Wealth Management is a registered investment adviser. Registration with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Item 2 Summary of Material Changes Form ADV Part 2 requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when information becomes materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser's disclosure brochure, the adviser is required to notify you and provide you with a description of the material changes. Since our last annual updating amendment dated March 17, 2024, we do not have any material changes to report. Item 3 Table of Contents Item 1 Cover Page Item 2 Summary of Material Changes Item 3 Table of Contents Item 4 Advisory Business Item 5 Fees and Compensation Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management Item 7 Types of Clients Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss Item 9 Disciplinary Information Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading Item 12 Brokerage Practices Item 13 Review of Accounts Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation Item 15 Custody Item 16 Investment Discretion Item 17 Voting Client Securities Item 18 Financial Information Item 19 Requirements for State-Registered Advisers Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 8 Page 11 Page 11 Page 11 Page 15 Page 15 Page 15 Page 16 Page 20 Page 20 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 22 Page 22 Item 4 Advisory Business The Darrow Company, Inc. d/b/a Darrow Wealth Management ("DWM") is a fee-only wealth management and investment advisory firm that has operated since September 1987. DWM manages assets by employing financial strategies based on each client's individual and unique requirements. DWM provides financial modeling, consulting, and investment management services. DWM's primary office is in Needham, Massachusetts, but it also maintains offices in Boston, Massachusetts. DWM is owned by Kristin McKenna. As of December 31, 2024, we provide continuous management services for $308,122,093 in client assets managed on a discretionary basis. We also manage $30,054,980 in client assets on a non- continuous basis, which is commonly referred to as "assets under advisement." Prior to engaging DWM to provide any of the foregoing investment advisory services, the client is required to enter into one or more written agreements with DWM setting forth the terms and conditions under which DWM renders its services (collectively the "Agreement"). This disclosure brochure describes the business of DWM. Certain sections will also describe the activities of Supervised Persons. Supervised Persons are any of DWM's officers, partners, directors or employees, or any other person who provides investment advice on DWM's behalf and is subject to DWM's supervision or control. Investment Management Services DWM provides its investment management services principally through its Darrow Money Management program. Under this program, investment management services are based on a client's risk profile and unique set of financial goals and objectives, DWM assists its clients in determining an appropriate investment objective used to manage the client's financial assets. DWM creates for its clients a personal investment portfolio of carefully selected mutual funds and ETFs selected to meet their elected investment objectives. The client's asset allocation is determined based on the client's investment objectives and goals. DWM 's investment management process includes: creating a diversified portfolio that reflects a client's risk and return profile; monitoring portfolios to enable DWM to make changes as needed to accommodate new requirements, new strategies, or new interests; and maintaining a responsive investment program sensitive to a client's needs as they evolve, rebalancing a portfolio and modifying risk as circumstances warrant. DWM imposes a $2,000,000 household asset minimum for Darrow Money Management Services. DWM, in its sole discretion, may accept or retain clients with a smaller portfolio for various reasons as listed under the minimum account size section of this document. Clients can engage DWM to manage all or a portion of their assets on a discretionary basis. If you participate in our discretionary investment management services, we require that you grant our firm discretionary authority to manage your account. Discretionary authorization allows us to determine the specific securities, and the amount of those securities, to be purchased or sold for your account without your prior approval. Discretionary authority is typically granted by the Agreement you sign with our firm and execution of the appropriate trading authorization forms through your account custodian. DWM primarily allocates clients' investment management assets among low-cost exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and select mutual funds in accordance with the investment objectives of the client. From time to time depending on a client's individual financial situation, DWM also allocates clients' investment management assets among certificates of deposit and other securities. DWM may also provide advice about any type of investment held in clients' portfolios. DWM tailors its advisory services to the individual needs of clients. DWM consults with clients initially and on an ongoing basis to determine risk tolerance, time horizon and other factors that may impact the clients' investment needs. DWM ensures that clients ' investments are suitable for their investment needs, goals, objectives, and risk tolerance. Depending on a client's unique financial situation and holdings, the client may request, or DWM may advise, various options strategies to help the client reach their objectives. Options can offer additional income, protection, or leverage, depending on the strategy. Please refer below to Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss regarding option strategies for additional information on their risk. Clients are advised to promptly notify DWM if there are changes in their financial situation or investment objectives or if they wish to impose any reasonable restrictions upon DWM's management services. Clients may impose reasonable restrictions or mandates on the management of their account if, in DWM's sole discretion, the conditions will not materially impact the performance of a portfolio strategy or prove overly burdensome to its management efforts. Selection of Other Advisers When appropriate and in accordance with the Investment Plan for a client, Darrow Wealth Management may recommend that you use the services of a third-party money manager ("TPMM") to manage all, or a portion of, your investment portfolio. Having access to various managers offers a wide variety of manager styles, and offers clients the opportunity to utilize more than one manager if necessary to meet the needs and investment objectives of the client. Darrow Wealth Management will select or recommend the manager(s) it deems most appropriate for the client. After gathering information about your financial situation and objectives, we may recommend that you engage a specific TPMM or investment program. Factors that we take into consideration when making our recommendation(s) include, but are not limited to, the following: the TPMM's performance, methods of analysis, fees, your financial needs, investment goals, risk tolerance, tax planning opportunities and investment objectives. We will monitor the TPMM(s)' performance to ensure its management and investment style remains aligned with your investment goals and objectives. The TPMM will generally be granted discretionary trading authority to provide investment supervisory services for the portfolio. Darrow Wealth Management retains the authority to terminate the TPMM relationship or to add new Managers without specific client consent. Fees paid to such TPMM(s) are separate from and in addition to the fee assessed by Darrow Wealth Management In any case, with respect to assets managed by a TPMM Manager, Darrow Wealth Management's role will be to monitor the overall financial situation of the client, to monitor the investment approach and performance of the TPMM Manager(s), and to assist the client in understanding the investments of the portfolio. Private Wealth Management Those clients who meet the minimum annual Management fee of $5,000 per year under the Darrow Money Management Program are eligible to participate in DWM's Private Wealth Management program. DWM offers those clients a limited range of ongoing financial planning and advisory support, including periodic review meetings where we will review your current financial situation, such as your employment and cash flow needs to see how these changes may impact your financial picture and our previous recommendations. Along the way, we may provide the following types of services as it may pertain to the client: • Retirement planning strategies. • Development of a savings plan for goals and/or major purchases. • Reviewing changes to executive compensation and investment strategies. • Education savings strategies. • Discussions on retirement income strategies and potential tax implications. Should the client request a comprehensive financial model, the client would need to execute a separate agreement and would be charged a separate fee for this service. DWM may, at its discretion, waive the separate fee for this service. Advisory, Consulting and Support Services ("ACS") DWM may provide to its clients under separate agreement the following advisory, consulting and support ("ACS") services: • Financial Modeling Services: include a Financial Model showing Cash Flow Projections, a Net Worth Statement, and Monte Carlo analysis. Specific components of the Model will depend on your situation and goals, but may include alternate scenarios (what-if analysis), business, college, and retirement planning, equity compensation analysis and multi-year diversification plan, alternative investment objectives, major purchase(s), longevity, life insurance, etc. • Divorce Consulting Services: include such discussions around asset division, assessing your cash flow needs, an analysis of your income sources and expenses, reviewing your entire portfolio of financial assets, such as retirement and investment accounts, cash, private equity, trusts, real estate, and business interests, to identify which may be most favorable for you to retain during the division of assets, and so on. • Estate Settlement Services: involve the preparation and processing of various custodial paperwork needed for the retitling and distribution of estate assets according to the decedent's estate plan at the direction of the client's attorney/estate. • Discovery Support Services: involve the gathering of financial documentation and correspondence necessary for case litigation (QDRO prep, inheritance litigation, etc.). In performing ACS services, DWM is not required to verify any information received from the client or from the client's other professionals (e.g., attorney, accountant, etc.) and is expressly authorized to rely on such information as provided by the client. DWM may recommend the services of itself and/or other professionals for the implementation of its financial planning/investment recommendations. Clients are advised that a conflict of interest exists if DWM recommends its own services. The client retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any of DWM's recommendations. Clients are advised that it remains their responsibility to promptly notify DWM if there is ever any change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing, evaluating, or revising DWM's previous recommendations and /or services. Retirement Plan and Pension Consulting Services DWM offers pension consulting services to employee benefit plans and their fiduciaries based upon the needs of the plan and the services requested by the plan sponsor or named fiduciary. In general, these services may include an existing plan review and analysis, plan-level advice regarding fund selection and investment options, education services to plan participants, investment performance monitoring, and/or ongoing consulting. These pension consulting services will generally be non- discretionary and advisory in nature. The ultimate decision to act on behalf of the plan shall remain with the plan sponsor or other named fiduciary. We may also assist with participant enrollment meetings and provide investment-related educational seminars to plan participants on such topics as: • Diversification; • Asset allocation; • Risk tolerance; and • Time horizon Our educational seminars may include other investment-related topics specific to the particular plan. We may also provide additional types of pension consulting services to plans on an individually negotiated basis. All services, whether discussed above or customized for the plan based upon requirements from the plan fiduciaries (which may include additional plan-level or participant-level services) shall be detailed in a written agreement and be consistent with the parameters set forth in the plan documents. Either party to the pension consulting agreement may terminate the agreement upon written notice to the other party in accordance with the terms of the agreement for services. The pension consulting fees will be prorated for the quarter in which the termination notice is given and any unearned fees will be refunded to the client. Rendering Investment Advice for Retirement Accounts Effective December 20, 2021, (or such later date as the US Department of Labor ("DOL") Field Assistance Bulletin 2018-02 ceases to be in effect), for purposes of complying with the DOL's Prohibited Transaction Exemption 2020-02 ("PTE 2020-02") where applicable, we are providing the following acknowledgment to you. When DWM provides investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests, so we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interest ahead of yours. Under this special rule's provisions, we must: • Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent advice); • Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal advice); • Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments; • Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best interest; • Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and • Give you basic information about conflicts of interest. DWM benefits financially from the rollover of your assets from a retirement account to an account that DWM manages or provides investment advice on, as rollover assets increase our assets under management and, in turn, our advisory fees. As a fiduciary, DWM only recommends a rollover when DWM believes it is in your best interest. As disclosed in the Advisory Agreement, certain of the foregoing services are provided by DWM as a fiduciary under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"). In accordance with ERISA Section 408(b)(2), each plan sponsor is provided with a written description of DWM 's fiduciary status, the specific services to be rendered and all direct and indirect compensation the Firm reasonably expects under the engagement. Item 5 Fees and Compensation DWM offers its services on a fee basis, which include fixed fees, as well as fees based upon assets under management ("AUM") depending on the particular services engagement with each client. All Darrow Money Management clients will, at a minimum, incur fees based on AUM. For fixed fee engagements, depending on the expected length of the project and scope, fees may be due in advance or paid quarterly in advance. If billed in advance of the services provided, we will not require payment of a fee more than six months in advance that is more than $1,200. Advisory, Consulting, and Support Service Fees ("ACS") • Financial Modeling Service: Fees are project based and paid in advance upon executing the service agreement. Fees range from $5,000 - $10,000. • Divorce Consulting Service: Fees are project based and may be paid in advance upon executing the service agreement or be paid in quarterly installments, depending on the fee and scope of the services provided. Fees range from $10,000 - $50,000. • Estate Settlement Service: Fees are project based and may be paid in advance upon executing the service agreement or be paid in quarterly installments, depending on the fee and scope of the services provided. Fees range from $10,000 - $50,000. • Discovery Support Service: Fees are project based and may be paid in advance upon executing the service agreement or be paid in quarterly installments, depending on the fee and scope of services provided. Fees range from $5,000 - $50,000. DWM may, at its discretion, provide a range of ACS services. These services are generally only offered to its clients. The project-based fees for such services will vary depending on the service selected, expected length of the project, scope of the services engaged, the professional rendering the services, client relationship and the firm's capacity to take on such projects. These fees may be reduced or waived at the firm's discretion. Prior to engaging DWM to provide ACS services, the client is required to enter into a written agreement with DWM setting forth the terms and conditions of the engagement. Retirement Plan and Pension Consulting Services DWM's advisory fees for these customized services will be negotiated with the plan sponsor or named fiduciary on a case-by-case basis. In general, DWM will charge a negotiated fee, billed in arrears, and based on the value of the plan in its entirety as of the end of the previous quarter. You may terminate the pension consulting services agreement upon Written notice to our firm. You will incur a pro rata charge for services rendered prior to the termination of the agreement, which means you will incur advisory fees only in proportion to the number of days in the quarter for which you are a client. If you have pre-paid advisory fees that we have not yet earned, you will receive a prorated refund of those fees. Investment Management Fee DWM provides investment management services for an annual fee based upon a percentage of the market value of the assets being managed by DWM, and the type and complexity of the asset management services provided. DWM's annual fee is exclusive of, and in addition to, brokerage commissions, transaction fees, and other related costs and expenses which are incurred by the client. DWM does not, however, receive any portion of these commissions, fees and costs. DWM's annual fee is prorated and charged quarterly, in advance, based upon the market value of the assets being managed by DWM on the last day of the previous quarter (the "Portfolio Value"). The annual fee typically varies (between 0.70% and 1.00% for any portfolios containing equity securities and between 0.25% and 0.50% for any portfolios containing only fixed income securities) depending upon the market value of the assets under management and the type of investment management services to be rendered. Such fees may be reduced by DWM in its sole and absolute discretion. As discussed in Item 7 (below), DWM generally imposes an account minimum fee of $5,000, billed quarterly for starting and maintaining an investment management relationship with the Firm. In limited circumstances, DWM alters its billing arrangement for clients (i.e., bill in arrears instead of advance). This is agreed upon directly with the client. DWM generally recommends Charles Schwab to custody its clients assets, however, not all clients maintain assets at this custodian. Due to client portfolios consisting of multiple accounts from sometimes multiple custodians (e.g. 401K plan participant accounts or outside managed assets), the client's portfolio value may be determined by more than one independent third-party custodian and/or vendor. For example, should DWM affect a trade in the same fixed income security through more than one custodian the pricing services of those custodians may not match, therefore, DWM defaults to the pricing services from a third-party vendor for fee calculation. This can create a difference in your billed account value. Additionally, the custodian generally does not include accrued interest on the clients custodial statement, while we consider accrued interest as part of the securities value, since liquidation would include the value of accrued interest. As such, we bill on the accrued interest which can cause the billable value of the account to differ from the client's custodial statement impacting both the performance and fee calculations on the account. Clients are encouraged to review their custodian's account statement on a regular basis for comparison to our account valuations. DWM, in its sole discretion, may negotiate to charge a lesser management fee based upon certain criteria (i.e., anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, pre-existing client, account retention, etc.) To enable clients to benefit from the lowest possible fee rate, at DWM's discretion, immediate family member accounts and/or business related accounts may be aggregated for the purpose of determining fees (e.g., profit sharing account and immediate family members and/or pension or personal trusts associated with those individuals whose designated fee schedules are the same (e.g., equity or fixed income) will be aggregated and treated, for billing purposes, as one account within the same fee structure so as to achieve the lowest possible fee rate). Separate Account Manager Fees Generally, where the services of a Third-Party Money Manager ("TPMM") are utilized, the TPMM fees will be charged in addition to Darrow Wealth Management's fee and will be detailed in the Management Agreement signed by the client with Darrow Wealth Management. Advisory fees that you pay to the TPMM are established and payable in accordance with the brochure provided by each TPMM to whom you are referred. These fees may or may not be negotiable. You should review the recommended TPMM's brochure and take into consideration the TPMM's fees along with our fees to determine the total amount of fees associated with this program. Fees Charged by Financial Institutions As further discussed in response to Item 12 (below), DWM generally recommends that clients utilize the brokerage and clearing services of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. ("Schwab"). DWM may only implement its investment management recommendations after the client has arranged for and furnished DWM with all information and authorization regarding accounts with appropriate financial institutions. Financial institutions include, but are not limited to, Schwab or another broker- dealer directed by the client, trust companies, banks etc. (collectively referred to herein as the "Financial Institutions"). Clients incur certain charges imposed by the Financial Institutions and other third parties such as custodial fees, margin costs, reporting charges, charges imposed directly by a mutual fund or ETF in the account, which are disclosed in the fund's prospectus (e.g., fund management fees and other fund expenses), deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. Additionally, clients may incur brokerage commissions and transaction fees for trading activity. Such charges, fees and commissions are exclusive of and in addition to DWM's fee. Fee Debit DWM's Agreement and the separate agreement with any Financial Institutions may authorize DWM to debit the client's account for DWM's fee and to directly remit that management fee to DWM. Any Financial Institutions recommended by DWM have agreed to send a statement to the client, at least quarterly, indicating all amounts disbursed from the account including the amount of management fees paid directly to DWM. Alternatively, clients may elect to have DWM send an invoice for electronic payment. DWM encourages you to review our management fees deducted from your accounts by reviewing your qualified custodians' custodial statements. For questions on how we calculate your fees, please contact our main office number located on the cover page of this brochure. Fees for Management During Partial Quarters of Service For the initial period of investment management services, the fees are calculated on a pro rata basis. At an account's inception, DWM selects a date that it will begin managing the assets ("start date"). The start date varies depending upon the status of assets being successfully transferred to the account custodian. DWM charges a prorated fee for the first quarter beginning on the start date through the end of the quarter. The Agreement between DWM and the client will continue in effect until terminated by either party pursuant to the terms of the Agreement. DWM's fees are prorated through the date of termination and any remaining balance is charged or refunded to the client, as appropriate. The client may make additions to the account at any time, subject to DWM's right to terminate an account. Clients may withdraw account assets on notice to DWM, subject to the usual and customary securities settlement procedures. However, DWM designs its portfolios as long-term investments and asset withdrawals may impair the achievement of a client's investment objectives. Additions may be in cash or securities, provided that DWM reserves the right to decline to accept particular securities into a client's account. Clients are advised that when transferred securities are liquidated, they are subject to transaction fees, fees assessed at the mutual fund level (i.e., contingent deferred sales charge) and/or tax ramifications. If assets are deposited into or withdrawn from an account after the inception of a quarter that exceed $50,000 daily, the fee payable or refunded with respect to such assets will be prorated based on the number of days remaining in the quarter. Initial Consultation Deposit To secure an initial in-person consultation, we may require a deposit of $350. Following the completion of the initial consultation as scheduled, we will refund the deposit back to the credit card used to secure the consultation. To cancel a consultation and receive a full refund, our office must be contacted more than twenty-four (24) hours prior to the scheduled appointment time. Deposits will be forfeited (e.g., non-refundable) under the following circumstances: failing to appear for a scheduled consultation ("no-show") or failing to cancel without at least twenty-four (24) hours' notice to your appointment time. Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management DWM does not provide any services for performance-based fees or participate in side-by-side management. Performance-based fees are those based on a share of capital gains on or capital appreciation of the assets of a client. Side-by-side management refers to the practice of managing accounts that are charged performance-based fees while at the same time managing accounts that are not charged performance-based fees. Our fees are calculated as described in the Fees and Compensation section above. Item 7 Types of Clients DWM offers advisory services to individuals (other than high net worth individuals), high net worth individuals, pension and profit sharing plans, and trusts. Minimum Account Size To participate in DWM's Darrow Money Management program, clients must invest at least $2,000,000 with DWM. DWM, in its sole discretion, may accept clients with smaller portfolios based upon certain criteria including anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, pre-existing client, account retention. DWM only accepts clients with less than the minimum portfolio size if, in the sole opinion of DWM, the smaller portfolio size will not cause a substantial increase of investment risk beyond the client's identified risk tolerance. DWM may aggregate the portfolios of family members to meet the minimum portfolio size. Minimum Account Fee As a condition for starting and maintaining an investment management relationship, DWM imposes a minimum annual fee of $5,000. This minimum fee will cause clients with smaller portfolios to incur an effective fee rate that is higher than the Firm's stated fee schedule. DWM may, in its sole discretion, elect to waive its minimum fee based upon certain criteria, including anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, pre-existing client and account retention. Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss Based on the clients' investment objectives, DWM recommends investment in one of its proprietary global asset allocation models. These models are periodically adjusted according to changes in future market expectations and current market conditions. DWM offers a variety of models with varying degrees of risk. DWM constructs its models using a top- down macroeconomic global market perspective. Individual asset classes, market sectors (i.e., domestic, international, and real estate), market caps (i.e., large, mid, small) and styles (i.e., value, growth) are then assigned within the model according to DWM's global macroeconomic analysis. Subsequently, a combination of investment strategies utilizing mutual funds and low cost, low turnover ETFs are utilized to implement the models. When appropriate, individual securities (equities or fixed income) may be incorporated into the models. DWM reviews client accounts at least quarterly and rebalances the accounts as market conditions warrant. Risk of Loss Investing in securities involves the risk of loss. Clients should be prepared to bear the loss of all amounts invested. DWM does not represent nor guarantee that our services or methods of analysis can or will predict future results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to market corrections or declines. DWM cannot offer any guarantees or promises that your financial goals and objectives will be met. Past performance is in no way an indication of future performance. General Investment Risks Market Risks The profitability of a significant portion of DWM's recommendations may depend largely upon correctly assessing the future course of price movements of stocks and bonds. There can be no assurance that DWM will be able to predict those price movements accurately. Volatility Risks The prices and values of investments can be highly volatile, and are influenced by, among other things, interest rates, general economic conditions, the condition of the financial markets, the financial condition of the issuers of such assets, changing supply and demand relationships, and programs and policies of governments. Cash Management Risks DWM may invest some of a client's assets temporarily in money market funds or other similar types of investments, during which time an advisory account may be prevented from achieving its investment objective. Equity-Related Securities and Instruments The Firm may take long and short positions in common stocks of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers traded on national securities exchanges and over-the-counter markets. The value of equity securities varies in response to many factors. These factors include, without limitation, factors specific to an issuer and factors specific to the industry in which the issuer participates. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments, and the stock prices of such companies may suffer a decline in response. In addition, equity securities are subject to stock risk, which is the risk that stock prices historically rise and fall in periodic cycles. U.S. and non- U.S. stock markets have experienced periods of substantial price volatility in the past and may do so again in the future. In addition, investments in small-capitalization, mid-capitalization and financially distressed companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and may lack sufficient market liquidity, and these issuers often face greater business risks. Fixed Income Securities Fixed income securities are subject to the risk of the issuer's or a guarantor's inability to meet principal and interest payments on its obligations and to price volatility. DWM's investment strategies and advice may vary depending upon each client's specific financial situation. The selection of which model to invest in will be based upon your goals and objectives, risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity needs and other various suitability factors. Any restrictions and guidelines that you place on your accounts may affect the composition of your portfolio and its performance. It is important that you notify us immediately with respect to any material changes to your financial circumstances, including for example, a change in your current or expected income level, tax circumstances, or employment status. Other Risk Considerations When evaluating risk, financial loss may be viewed differently by each client and may depend on many different risks, each of which may affect the probability and magnitude of any potential losses. The following risks may not be all-inclusive but should be considered carefully by a prospective client before retaining our services. Liquidity Risk The risk of being unable to sell your investment at a fair price at a given time due to high volatility or lack of active liquid markets. You may receive a lower price, or it may not be possible to sell the investment at all. Credit Risk Credit risk typically applies to debt investments such as corporate, municipal, and sovereign fixed income or bonds. A bond issuing entity can experience a credit event that could impair or erase the value of an issuer's securities held by a client. Inflation and Interest Rate Risk Security prices and portfolio returns will likely vary in response to changes in inflation and interest rates. Inflation causes the value of future dollars to be worthless and may reduce the purchasing power of a client's future interest payments and principal. Inflation also generally leads to higher interest rates which may cause the value of many types of fixed income investments to decline. Horizon and Longevity Risk The risk that your investment horizon is shortened because of an unforeseen event, for example, the loss of your job. This may force you to sell investments that you were expecting to hold for the long term. If you must sell at a time that the markets are down, you may lose money. Longevity Risk is the risk of outliving your savings. This risk is particularly relevant for people who are retired or are nearing retirement. Tax Considerations DWM's strategies and investments are selected with general tax efficiency in mind. However, unless DWM specifically agrees otherwise, and in writing, tax efficiency is not our primary consideration in the management of your assets. Regardless of your account size or any other factors, we strongly recommend that you consult with a tax professional regarding the tax implications of your investments. Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities DWM primarily recommends mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). However, DWM may advise on other types of investments as appropriate for you since each client has unique needs and different risk tolerances. Each type of security has its own unique set of risks associated with it and it would not be possible to list here all the specific risks of every type of investment. Even within the same type of investment, risks can vary widely. However, in very general terms, the higher the anticipated return of an investment, the higher the risk of loss associated with the investment. Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds: Mutual funds and exchange traded funds ("ETF") are professionally managed collective investment systems that pool money from many investors and invest in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, other mutual funds, other securities, or any combination thereof. The fund will have a manager that trades the fund's investments in accordance with the fund's investment objective. While mutual funds and ETFs generally provide diversification, risks can be significantly increased if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the market, primarily invests in small cap or speculative companies, uses leverage (i.e., borrows money) to a significant degree, or concentrates in a particular type of security (i.e., equities) rather than balancing the fund with different types of securities. ETFs differ from mutual funds in how they are purchased and redeemed. While Mutual Funds can be directly purchased and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the NAV (net asset value), ETFs shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase or redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation/Redemption Units), usually in exchange for baskets of securities. As such, an organized secondary trading market exists so that individual investors can purchase or sell ETF shares through a broker. These secondary market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices based on the supply and demand throughout the day for the ETF. In times of market disruption or extreme volatility, the difference between the ETFs NAV and market price of the ETF can vary significantly. Additionally, trading in ETFs shares on exchanges may be subject to halted activity (like stocks) due to individual or market wide halts which could impact the market price for the ETF. The returns on mutual funds and ETFs can be reduced by the costs to manage the funds. While some mutual funds are "no load" and charge no fee to buy into, or sell out of the fund, other types of mutual funds do charge such fees which can also reduce returns. Mutual funds can also be "closed end" or "open end". So-called "open end" mutual funds continue to allow in new investors indefinitely whereas "closed end" funds have a fixed number of shares to sell which can limit their availability to new investors. ETFs may have tracking error risks. For example, the ETF investment adviser may not be able to cause the ETF's performance to match that of its Underlying Index or other benchmark, which may negatively affect the ETF's performance. In addition, for leveraged and inverse ETFs that seek to track the performance of their Underlying Indices or benchmarks daily, mathematical compounding may prevent the ETF from correlating with performance of its benchmark. In addition, an ETF may not have investment exposure to all the securities included in its Underlying Index, or its weighting of investment exposure to such securities may vary from that of the Underlying Index. Some ETFs may invest in securities or financial instruments that are not included in the Underlying Index, but which are expected to yield similar performance. Options: Due to the unique characteristics of options and the complexity of these strategies, options hold a distinct set of risks. For example, the risk of principal depends on whether you are buying or writing options. When buying options (e.g., a call or put), your risk of principal is limited to the premium paid to purchase the option as it can expire worthless. When writing an option, assuming you own the underlying security, the primary risk is a change in your circumstances that prompts you to close out the contract early. The risks of writing an option on an unheld security can be unlimited. As such, DWM generally advises against this approach. Other risks include liquidity risk (low trading volume), time decay (all options have an expiration date) and costs of trading options (contract price, transaction fees), etc. It is important that the client review the risks of option trading with the adviser before investing in these securities. Real Estate Investment Trust: A real estate investment trust ("REIT") is a corporate entity which invests in real estate and/or engages in real estate financing. A REIT reduces or eliminates corporate income taxes. REITs can be publicly or privately held. Public REITs may be listed on public stock exchanges. REITs are required to declare 90% of their taxable income as dividends, but they pay dividends out of funds from operations, so cash flow has to be strong or the REIT must either dip into reserves, borrow to pay dividends, or distribute them in stock (which causes dilution). After 2012, the IRS stopped permitting stock dividends. Most REITs must refinance or erase large balloon debts periodically. The credit markets are no longer frozen, but banks are demanding, and getting, harsher terms to re-extend REIT debt. Some REITs may be forced to make secondary stock offerings to repay debt, which will lead to additional dilution of the stockholders. Fluctuations in the real estate market can affect the REIT's value and dividends. Item 9 Disciplinary Information DWM is required to disclose the facts of any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client's evaluation of its advisory business or the integrity of its management. DWM does not have any required disclosures to this Item. Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations DWM has not provided information on other financial industry activities and affiliations because DWM does not have any relationship or arrangement that is material to our advisory business or to our clients with any of the types of entities listed below. 1. broker-dealer, municipal securities dealer, or government securities dealer or broker; 2. investment company or other pooled investment vehicle (including a mutual fund, closed-end investment company, unit investment trust, private investment company or "hedge fund," and offshore fund); 3. other investment adviser or financial planner; 4. futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading adviser; 5. banking or thrift institution; 6. accountant or accounting firm; 7. lawyer or law firm; 8. insurance company or agency; 9. pension consultant; 10.real estate broker or dealer; and/or 11.sponsor or syndicator of limited partnerships. Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading Description of Our Code of Ethics DWM strives to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Therefore, our Code of Ethics includes guidelines for professional standards of conduct for persons associated with our firm. DWM's goal is to always protect your interests and to demonstrate our commitment to our fiduciary duties of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with you. All persons associated with DWM are expected to adhere strictly to these guidelines. Persons associated with DWM are also required to report any violations of our Code of Ethics. Additionally, DWM maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse or dissemination of material, non-public information about you or your account holdings by persons associated with our firm. Clients or prospective clients may obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics by contacting us at the telephone number on the cover page of this brochure. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions Neither DWM nor any persons associated with DWM has any material financial interest in client transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this brochure. Personal Trading Practices DWM or persons associated with DWM may buy or sell the same securities that we recommend to you or securities in which you are already invested. A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we can trade ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither DWM nor persons associated with DWM shall have priority over your account in the purchase or sale of securities. Aggregated Trading DWM may combine associated persons orders to buy or sell securities for their own account with client orders to purchase or sell securities ("aggregated trading"). Refer to the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure for information on our aggregated trading practices. Item 12 Brokerage Practices DWM generally recommends the brokerage and custodial services of Charles Schwab Co. Inc. (the "Custodian"). Your assets must be maintained in an account at a qualified custodian, generally a broker-dealer or bank. In recognition of the value of the services the Custodian provides, you may pay higher commissions and/or trading costs than those that may be available elsewhere. DWM's selection of custodian is based on many factors, including the level of services provided, the custodian's financial stability, and the cost of services provided by the custodian to our clients, commissions, custody fees and other fees or expenses. DWM seeks to recommend a custodian/broker that will hold your assets and execute transactions on terms that are, overall, the most favorable compared to other available providers and their services. DWM considers a range of factors, including: • Capability to buy and sell securities for your account itself or to facilitate such services. • The likelihood that your trades will be executed. • Availability of investment research and tools • Overall quality of services • Competitiveness of price • Reputation, financial strength, and stability • Existing relationship with our firm and our other clients Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits DWM does not have any soft dollar arrangements. Economic Benefits As a registered investment adviser, DWM has access to the institutional platform of your account Custodian. As such, DWM will also have access to research products and services from your account custodian and/or other brokerage firms. These products may include financial publications, information about companies and industries, research software, and other products or services that provide lawful and appropriate assistance to DWM in the performance of our investment decision- making responsibilities. Such research products and services are provided to all investment advisers that utilize the institutional services platforms of these firms and are not considered to be paid for with soft dollars. However, you should be aware that the commissions charged by a particular broker for a particular transaction or set of transactions may be greater than the amounts another broker who did not provide research services or products might charge. The custodian and brokers we use DWM does not maintain custody of your assets that we manage, although we may be deemed to have custody of your assets if you give us authority to withdraw assets from your account (see Item 15— Custody, below). Your assets must be maintained in an account at a "qualified custodian," generally a broker-dealer or bank. DWM recommends that our clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab), a registered broker- dealer, member SIPC, as the qualified custodian. DWM is independently owned and operated and not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab will hold your assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when DWM instructs them to. While DWM recommends that you use Schwab as custodian/broker, you will decide whether to do so and will open your account with Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Conflicts of interest associated with this arrangement are described below as well as in Item 14 (Client referrals and other compensation). You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting your custodian. DWM does not open accounts for you, although we may assist you in opening the account by gathering the paperwork for your execution when opening the account. If you do not wish to place your assets with Schwab, then DWM cannot manage your account. Not all advisors require their clients to use a particular broker-dealer or other custodian selected by the advisor. Even though your account is maintained at Schwab, DWM can still use other brokers to execute trades for your account as described below (see "Your brokerage and custody costs"). How we select brokers/custodians DWM seeks to recommend a custodian/broker that will both hold your assets and execute transactions. When considering whether the terms that Schwab provides are, overall, most advantageous to you when compared with other available providers and their services, DWM considers a wide range of factors, including: • Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally without a separate fee for custody). • Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for your account). • Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check requests, bill payment, etc.). • Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds "[ETFs", etc.). • Availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment decisions. • Quality of services. • Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate the prices. • Reputation, financial strength, security, and stability. • Availability of other products and services that benefit us, as discussed below (see "Products and services available to us from Schwab"). Your brokerage and trading costs For our clients' accounts that Schwab maintains, Schwab generally does not charge you separately for custody services but is compensated by charging you commissions or other fees on trades that it executes or that settle into your Schwab account. Certain trades (for example, many mutual funds, and U.S. exchange-listed equities and ETFs) may not incur Schwab commissions or transaction fees. Schwab is also compensated by earning interest on the uninvested cash in your account in Schwab's Cash Features/Bank Sweep Program. DWM is not required to select the broker or dealer that charges the lowest transaction cost, even if that broker provides execution quality comparable to other brokers or dealers. Although DWM is not required to execute all trade through Schwab, DWM has determined that having Schwab execute most trades is consistent with our duty to seek "best execution" of your trades. Best execution means the most favorable terms for a transaction based on all relevant factors, including those listed above (see "How we select brokers/ custodians"). By using another broker or dealer you may pay lower transaction costs. Products and services available to us from Schwab Schwab Advisor Services™ is Schwab's business serving independent investment advisory firms like ours. They provide us and our clients with access to their brokerage services (trading, custody, reporting, and related services), many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help DWM manage or administer our clients' accounts, while others help DWM manage and grow our business. Schwab's support services are generally available at no charge to us. The following are a more detailed description of Schwab's support services: Services that benefit you. Schwab's institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products, execution of securities transactions (aggregation of trades for better price execution), and custody of client assets. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which DWM might not otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients. Schwab's services described in this paragraph generally benefit you and your account. Services that do not directly benefit you. Schwab also makes available to us other products and services that benefit us but do not directly benefit you or your account. These products and services assist DWM in managing and administering our clients' accounts and operating our firm. They include investment research, both Schwab's own and that of third parties. DWM uses this research to service all or a substantial number of our clients' accounts, including accounts not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other technology that: • Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account statements). • Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts. • Provide pricing and other market data. • Facilitate payment of our fees from our clients' accounts. • Assist with back-office functions, record keeping, and client reporting. Services that generally benefit only us. Schwab also offers other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business enterprise, some of which we may take advantage of and others for which DWM may be ineligible to take advantage of. These services include: • Consulting on technology and business needs. • Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession. • Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance providers. • Marketing consulting and support. Schwab provides some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-party vendors to provide the services to us. Schwab also discounts or waives its fees for some of these services or pays all or a part of a third party's fees. Our interest in Schwab's services DWM does not pay for Schwab's services. However, the fact that DWM receives these benefits from Schwab is an incentive for DWM to recommend the use of Schwab rather than making such decisions based exclusively on your interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of your transactions. This is a conflict of interest. DWM believes, however, that taken in the aggregate, DWM's recommendation of Schwab as custodian and broker is in the best interests of our clients. DWM's selection is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and price of Schwab's services (see "How we select brokers/custodians") and not Schwab's services that benefit only us. Brokerage for Client Referrals DWM does not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other compensation, such as brokerage services or research. Directed Brokerage DWM routinely requires that you direct our firm to execute transactions through Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. As such, we may be unable to achieve the most favorable execution of your transactions and you may pay higher brokerage commissions than you might otherwise pay through another broker-dealer that offers the same types of services. Not all advisers require their clients to direct brokerage. Aggregated Trades Transactions for each client generally will be affected independently, unless DWM decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at approximately the same time. DWM may (but is not obligated to) combine or "batch" such orders to obtain best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates, or to allocate equitably among DWM's clients differences in prices and commissions or other transaction costs that might have been obtained had such orders been placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will generally be averaged as to price and allocated among DWM's clients pro rata to the purchase and sale orders placed for each client on any given day. To the extent that DWM determines to aggregate client orders for the purchase or sale of securities, including securities in which DWM's Supervised Persons may invest, DWM shall not receive any additional compensation or remuneration because of the aggregation. In the event that DWM determines that a prorated allocation is not appropriate under the particular circumstances, the allocation will be made based upon other relevant factors, which may include: (i) when only a small percentage of the order is executed, shares will be allocated to the account with the smallest order or the smallest position or to an account that is out of line with respect to security or sector weightings relative to other portfolios, with similar mandates; (ii) allocations may be given to one account when such account has limitations in its investment guidelines which prohibit it from purchasing other securities which are expected to produce similar investment results and can be purchased by other accounts; (iii) if an account reaches an investment guideline limit and cannot participate in an allocation, shares will be reallocated to other accounts (this may be due to unforeseen changes in an account's assets after an order is placed); (iv) with respect to sale allocations, allocations will be given to accounts low in cash; (v) in cases when a pro rata allocation of a potential execution would result in a de minimis allocation in one or more accounts, DWM will exclude the account(s) from the allocation; the transactions may be executed on a pro rata basis among the remaining accounts; or (vi) in cases where a small proportion of an order is executed in all accounts, shares will be allocated to one or more accounts on a random basis. Mutual Fund Share Classes Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, which carry different cost structures. Each available share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When DWM purchases, or recommend the purchase of, mutual funds for a client, we select the share class that is deemed to be in the client's best interest, taking into consideration cost, tax implications, and other factors. When the fund is available for purchase at net asset value, we will purchase, or recommend the purchase of, the fund at net asset value. We also review the mutual funds held in accounts that come under our management to determine whether a more beneficial share class is available, considering cost, tax implications, and the impact of contingent deferred sales charges. Item 13 Review of Accounts Portfolio Management Review For those clients to whom DWM provides investment management services, DWM monitors and reviews those portfolios as part of an ongoing quarterly process. DWM makes available information regarding the performance, transactions, and holdings in a client's portfolio through a client portal sponsored by Black Diamond and encourages clients to regularly review their accounts in this portal or on the custodian's client website. Firm reviews are conducted by one of DWM's investment adviser representatives. All investment advisory clients are encouraged to discuss their needs, goals, and objectives with DWM and to keep DWM informed of any changes thereto periodically throughout the year. DWM shall reach out to ongoing investment advisory clients at least annually to review its previous services and/or recommendations and to discuss the impact resulting from any changes in the client's financial situation and/or investment objectives. General Reports Unless otherwise agreed upon, clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and regular summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer or custodian for the clients' accounts. For those who request it DWM may send them a report that may include such relevant account and/or market-related information such as an inventory of account holdings and account performance from time to time as generated in Black Diamond. Generally, DWM recommends that clients view their accounts through DWM's client portal as such information is updated daily. Clients should compare the account statements they receive from their custodian (their official account of record) with those they receive from DWM, or the information provided in the client portal. Financial modeling/Consulting Reports Those clients to whom DWM provides financial modeling and/or consulting services will receive reports from DWM summarizing its analysis and conclusions as requested by the client or otherwise agreed to in writing by DWM. Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation DWM does not receive any compensation from any third party in connection with providing investment advice to you nor do we compensate any individual or firm for client referrals. Refer to the Brokerage Practices section above for disclosures on research and other benefits we may receive resulting from our relationship with your account custodian. Item 15 Custody As paying agent for our firm, your independent custodian will directly debit your account(s) for the payment of our advisory fees. This ability to deduct our advisory fees from your accounts causes our firm to exercise limited custody over your funds or securities. DWM does not have physical custody of any of your funds and/or securities. Your funds and securities will be held with a bank, broker-dealer, or other qualified custodian. You will receive account statements from the qualified custodian(s) holding your funds and securities at least quarterly. The account statements from your custodian(s) will indicate the amount of our advisory fees deducted from your account(s) each billing period. You should carefully review account statements for accuracy. ACH, Wire Transfers and/or Standing Letter of Authorization DWM, or persons associated with DWM, may effect wire transfers from client accounts to one or more third parties ("non-like titled accounts") designated, in writing, by the client without obtaining written client consent for each separate, individual transaction, as long as the client has provided us with written authorization to do so. Such written authorization is known as a Standing Letter of Authorization (SLOA). An adviser with authority to conduct such third-party wire transfers has access to the client's assets, and therefore has custody of the client's assets in any related accounts. DWM did not obtain a surprise annual audit of its third-party SLOAs, as DWM has met the criteria as outlined in the SEC's IAA No-Action Letter. The criteria are as follows: 1. You provide a written, signed instruction to the qualified custodian that includes the third party's name and address or account number at a custodian; 2. You authorize us in writing to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from time to time; 3. Your qualified custodian verifies your authorization (e.g., signature review) and provides a transfer of funds notice to you promptly after each transfer; 4. You can terminate or change the instruction; 5. We have no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third party, the address, or any other information about the third party; 6. We maintain records showing that the third party is not a related party to us nor located at the same address as us; and 7. Your qualified custodian sends you, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction. Use of Client Log-in Credentials DWM or persons associated with DWM may be in possession of client log-on information as it pertains to the management of client's outside investment accounts. In general, where our account access gives us the ability to control client funds and securities, DWM is deemed to have custody. DWM does not have physical custody of any of your funds and/or securities. Your funds and securities are still held with a bank, broker-dealer, or other independent, qualified custodian. Surprise Independent Examination Where DWM is deemed to have custody due to use of client log-on credentials, DWM is required to engage an independent accounting firm to perform a surprise annual examination of those assets and accounts over which it maintains custody. Any related opinions issued by an independent accounting firm are filed with the SEC and are publicly available on the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure website. Item 16 Investment Discretion DWM is given the authority to exercise discretion on behalf of its clients. DWM is considered to exercise investment discretion over a client's account if it can affect transactions for the client without first having to seek the client's consent. DWM is given this authority through a limited power-of-attorney included in the agreement between DWM and the client. Clients may request a limitation on this authority (such as requesting that certain securities not to be bought or sold). DWM takes discretion over the following activities: • The securities to be purchased or sold • The amount of securities to be purchased or sold • When transactions are made • The Financial Institutions to be utilized. Item 17 Voting Client Securities DWM will not vote proxies on behalf of your advisory accounts. At your request, DWM may offer you advice regarding corporate actions and the exercise of your proxy voting rights. If you own shares of applicable securities, you are responsible for exercising your right to vote as a shareholder. In most cases, you will receive proxy materials directly from the account custodian. However, in the event DWM were to receive any written or electronic proxy materials, DWM would forward them directly to you by mail, unless you have authorized DWM to contact you by electronic mail, in which case, DWM would forward any electronic solicitations to vote proxies. As it pertains to class action lawsuits, DWM does not determine if securities held by you are the subject of a class action lawsuit or whether you are eligible to participate in class action settlements or litigation nor do we initiate or participate in litigation to recover damages on your behalf for injuries as a result of actions, misconduct, or negligence by issuers of securities held by you. Item 18 Financial Information DWM is required to disclose any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet contractual commitments to clients. DWM has no disclosures pursuant to this Item. DWM has not filed a bankruptcy petition at any time in the past ten years. Item 19 Requirements for State-Registered Advisers DWM is a federally registered investment adviser; therefore, DWM is not required to respond to this item.