Overview
- Headquarters
- Newport Beach, CA
- Average Client Assets
- $2.8 million
- Minimum Account Size
- $250,000
- SEC CRD Number
- 332422
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (TIDECREST WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC ADV PART 2A)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $500,000 | 1.25% |
| $500,001 | $1,000,000 | 1.00% |
| $1,000,001 | $2,500,000 | 0.95% |
| $2,500,001 | $5,000,000 | 0.85% |
| $5,000,001 | $7,500,000 | 0.75% |
| $7,500,001 | $10,000,000 | 0.70% |
| $10,000,001 | and above | Negotiable |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $11,250 | 1.12% |
| $5 million | $46,750 | 0.94% |
| $10 million | $83,000 | 0.83% |
| $50 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
| $100 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
Clients
- HNW Share of Firm Assets
- 77.04%
- Total Client Accounts
- 388
- Discretionary Accounts
- 388
Services Offered
Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals, Portfolio Management for Institutional Clients, Pension Consulting, Investment Advisor Selection
Regulatory Filings
Additional Brochure: TIDECREST WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC ADV PART 2A (2026-03-04)
View Document Text
ITEM 1: COVER PAGE
888 San Clemente Drive
Suite 130
Newport Beach, CA 92660
https://www.tidecrestwm.com/
949-335-5202
March 4, 2026
FIRM BROCHURE (FORM ADV PART 2A)
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Tidecrest
Wealth Management, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please
contact us at the phone number listed above. The information in this brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state
securities authority. Registration (e.g., “registered investment advisor”) does not imply a certain
level of skill or training.
Additional information about Tidecrest Wealth Management, LLC (CRD# 332422) also is
available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES
Pursuant to SEC rules, Tidecrest Wealth Management, LLC will ensure that Clients receive a
summary of any material changes to this and subsequent disclosure brochures within 120 days
after the Firm’s fiscal year end, December 31. This means that if there were any material changes
over the past year, Clients will receive a summary of those changes no later than April 30. At that
time, Tidecrest Wealth Management, LLC will also offer a copy of its most current disclosure
brochure for no additional cost and may also provide other ongoing disclosure information about
material changes as necessary.
Clients and prospective Clients can always receive the most current disclosure brochure for
Tidecrest Wealth Management, LLC at any time by contacting their investment advisor
representative.
Since our firm’s filing on October 6, 2025, the following material updates have been made to this
Brochure:
•
Item 8 has been amended to reflect our investment strategies and risks associated with the
investments we may recommend.
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ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 1: COVER PAGE ....................................................................................................................... 1
ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES ........................................................................................................... 2
ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... 3
ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS ........................................................................................................... 4
ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION ................................................................................................... 8
ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT .......................................11
ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS ............................................................................................................ 12
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS ............................ 12
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 27
ITEM 10: OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ......................................... 27
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL
TRADING ........................................................................................................................................ 28
ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES .................................................................................................. 30
ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS .................................................................................................... 33
ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ........................................................... 33
ITEM 15: CUSTODY ........................................................................................................................ 33
ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION ............................................................................................... 34
ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ........................................................................................... 34
ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................... 35
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ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS
Firm Description
Tidecrest Wealth Management, LLC (“TWM” or the “Firm”) was founded on June 28, 2024, in
the State of Delaware and is based in Newport Beach, CA. TWM become an investment adviser
on August 21, 2024
The Principal Owner and Chief Compliance Officer of TWM is David Wagner.
Types of Advisory Services
TWM offers a large variety of services, including portfolio management, investment analysis and
financial planning, retirement planning, retirement plan consulting, and estate planning. The Firm
offers these services to Clients or potential Clients (“Clients” or “Client”).
Prior to providing any investment advisory services, TWM requires a written financial services
agreement (“FSA”) be executed by the Client. The FSA will outline the services available to the
Client and the fees the Client will incur.
Portfolio Management
TWM specializes in quantitative, fundamental, technical, and economic analysis to determine what
investments favor TWM’s investment models. TWM assesses a client’s current holdings and
ensures alignment with short- and long-term goals. The portfolio may consist of individual stocks,
bonds, exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), independent managers, mutual funds and other public and
private securities or investments. The Client’s individual investment strategy is tailored to their
specific needs and may include some or all of the previously mentioned securities. TWM reviews
investment performance and portfolio exposure to market conditions. Accordingly, TWM is
authorized to perform various functions without further approval from the Client, such as
determining securities to be purchased or sold without prior permission from the Client for each
transaction. All trades are made in the Client's best interest as part of TWM’s fiduciary duty.
However, risk is inherent to any investment strategy and model. Therefore, TWM does not
guarantee any results or returns.
Any and all trades are made in the best interest of the Client as part of TWM’s fiduciary duty.
However, risk is inherent to any investing strategy and model. Therefore, TWM does not guarantee
any results or returns.
TWM is an asset-based fee investment management firm. The Firm does not receive commissions
for purchasing or selling stocks, bonds, mutual funds, real estate investment trusts, or other
commissioned products for Clients. The Firm is not affiliated with entities that sell financial
products or securities. No commissions in any form are accepted.
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TWM does not act as a custodian of Client assets. The Client always maintains asset control. TWM
places trades for Clients under a limited power of attorney through a qualified custodian/broker.
Private Placement Investments
When suitable for clients, typically accredited investors, qualified clients, and/or qualified
purchasers (as those terms are defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission) with limited
liquidity needs only, we may recommend and assist clients in making investments in private funds.
Any private investments will be conducted exclusively via private funds offered and overseen by
a reputable manager with recognizable institutional expertise in the targeted investment area.
These funds are chosen when we believe they may offer some combination of:
• exposure to assets or investment strategies that may be uncorrelated, or less correlated, to
the broad publicly traded equity and debt markets.
• sources of return from the underlying assets themselves or the trading strategy employed
that may be attractive but are otherwise inaccessible, or heavily constrained when offered
in public investment vehicles.
To evaluate the relative attractiveness between private investments and publicly traded
alternatives, TWM considers the added risk factors inherent in private investments to determine
how to best implement them for suitable clients within our overall portfolio construction. We will
typically complete some or all of the following analysis, prior to making any initial investment
recommendation, and during the ongoing period that we hold any exposure to that investment:
•
Initial and ongoing due diligence of the manager and the investment offering that may include:
o Review of fund subscription materials, audited financials, historical tax reporting
samples, historical investment commentary and other reporting furnished by fund
manager or sponsor
o In-person or remote attendance at fund manager or sponsor update calls, webinars, or
meetings
o Fund performance reviews: monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, or annually
o Discussion with other investors and review of third-party sources of due diligence on
the manager and the fund
• Coordinating tax document delivery and ongoing tax planning related to the fund with client
CPAs to monitor any unique income character and ancillary filing requirements resulting from
the private structure itself or the underlying investment activity
• Evaluation and integration of applicable fund liquidity opportunities within the context of, but
not limited to, client goals, objectives, tax situation, need for liquidity, and estate planning
• Discretionary management and handling of all intervening private fund cash flows – including
but not limited to - initial commitments, ongoing capital calls, income/capital distributions,
voluntary/involuntary redemption activity, sequential commitment structuring,
target
illiquidity maintenance at the portfolio level
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• Awareness and integration of any unique return/risk attributes for each individual fund and the
private fund commitment as a whole with the consolidated portfolio construction and expected
interaction between other clients’ investments
• Ongoing performance/valuation reporting maintenance for all individual private investments
and the private fund commitment as a whole – fully integrated into the client’s consolidated
performance/risk reporting which covers all public and private investments across the portfolio
Financial Planning Services & Consulting Services
TWM offers standalone Financial Planning and Consulting services for a negotiable fee. Financial
Planning and Consulting services typically include investment and non-investment matters,
business succession planning, estate planning, and family meetings.
To engage in financial planning and consulting services, Clients enter into an engagement that sets
the terms of the engagement, scope of services, and the negotiated fee. When requested by the
Client, TWM may recommend third parties to assist in implementation. It is the Client’s
responsibility to notify the Firm of changes to financial situations and objectives.
Clients are under no obligation to act on TWM’s or its associated persons’ recommendation. If a
Client elects to act on any of the recommendations, the Client is under no obligation to effect the
transaction through TWM or its associated persons.
Pension Consulting Services
Pension consulting services to employee benefit plans and their fiduciaries are based upon the
needs of the plan and the services requested by the plan sponsor or the designated fiduciary.
Services can include, but are not limited to, an existing plan review and analysis, plan-level advice
regarding fund selection and investment options, education services to plan participants,
investment performance monitoring, as well as ongoing consulting. TWM may assist with
participant enrollment meetings and provide investment-related educational seminars to plan
participants on such topics as diversification, asset allocation, risk tolerance, time horizon, and
other items specific to the particular plan. Additional types of pension consulting services to plans
are available on an individually negotiated basis. All services, whether discussed above or
customized for the plan based upon requirements from the plan fiduciaries could include additional
plan-level or participant-level services, will be detailed in a written agreement and be consistent
with the parameters set forth in the plan documents.
Use of Third-Party Managers
TWM may select certain Third-Party Managers (“TPMs”) to actively manage a portion of its
clients’ assets. The specific terms and conditions under which a client engages a TPM may be set
forth in a separate written agreement with the designated TPM. In addition to this brochure, clients
may also receive the written disclosure documents of the respective Independent Managers
engaged to manage their assets.
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TWM evaluates a variety of information about TPM, which includes the TPMs’ public disclosure
documents, materials supplied by the TPM themselves, and other third-party analyses it believes
are reputable. To the extent possible, the Firm seeks to assess the TPMs’ investment strategies,
past performance, and risk results in relation to its clients’ individual portfolio allocations and risk
exposure. TWM also takes into consideration each TPM’s management style, returns, reputation,
financial strength, reporting, pricing, and research capabilities, among other factors.
TWM continues to provide services relative to the discretionary or non-discretionary selection of
the TPM. On an ongoing basis, the Firm monitors the performance of those accounts being
managed by TPMs. TWM seeks to ensure the TPMs’ strategies and target allocations remain
aligned with its clients’ investment objectives and overall best interests.
Services Tailored to Clients’ Needs
TWM offers individualized advisory services to Clients as part of our portfolio management
services. Clients may request that we refrain from investing in particular securities or certain types
of securities. Clients must provide these restrictions to our firm in writing.
A review of the information provided by the Client regarding the Client’s current financial
situation, goals, and risk tolerances will be performed and advice will be provided that is in line
with available information.
Wrap Fee Program
TWM does not offer nor participate in a Wrap Fee Program.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2025, TWM has the following assets under management:
Discretionary assets:
Non-discretionary assets:
$249,671,442.000
$0.00
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ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION
Fees and other charges
Individually Managed Accounts:
Fees for individually managed accounts are tier priced as follows:
Account Size
First $500,000
$500,001-$1,000,000
$1,000,001-$2,500,000
$2,500,001-$5,000,000
$5,000,001-$7,500,000
$7,500,001-$10,000,000
Above $10,000,000
Fee (Annual Percentage)*
1.25%
1.00%
0.95%
0.85%
0.75%
0.70%
Negotiable
*Fees are negotiable based on account size and complexity.
For assets allocated to private placements, that portion of clients assets shall be charges half of the
advisory fee stated above that is in alignment with the value of the entire portfolio managed by
TWM. For example, a client with $3,000,000 in assets managed by TWM will be charged 0.85%
annually on the liquid portion of their portfolio, as well as a 0.425% fee on the private placement
portion of their account annually. All asset-based fees are deducted by the qualified custodian of
record monthly in arrears based on the average daily balance of the account during the previous
month, or as otherwise indicated in the Client agreement. Fees are negotiable, and may be higher
or lower than this range, based on the nature of the account. Client statements for prior deductions
will be provided on a quarterly basis.
All fees paid to TWM for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the expenses
charged by third-party managers and Investment Companies to their shareholders. These fees and
expenses are described to the Client in separate disclosures. These fees will generally include third-
party management fees, an Investment Company management fee, other fund expenses, and in
some situations a possible distribution fee.
TWM will provide investment advisory services and portfolio management services but will not
provide custodial or other administrative services. At no time will TWM accept or maintain
custody of a Client’s funds or securities except for the limited circumstance outlined in Item 15
below. The Client may contact the Custodian directly for disbursements, or account record
changes, and may also do so in writing to the custodian. TWM may act at the Client’s convenience
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to facilitate such written communications to the Custodian, provided that such action is not
construed to be custody of Client assets.
Clients may request to terminate their advisory contract with TWM, in whole or in part, by
providing advance written notice.
Client’s advisory agreement with TWM is non-transferable without Client’s written approval.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services
Financial planning services are provided for either an agreed upon fixed or hourly rate, ranging
from $2,500 to 10,000 for fixed fees and $300 to 500 per hour for hourly charges. TWM also offers
advice through our single subject planning services at the same hourly rate. The fee is negotiable
depending upon the complexity and scope of the plan, your financial situation, and your objectives.
An estimate of the total time/cost will be determined at the start of the advisory relationship.
Typically, TWM’s financial planning or hourly consulting fees are due at the inception of the
advisory relationship, unless otherwise agreed to in writing. In limited circumstances, the cost/time
could potentially exceed the initial estimate. In such cases, TWM will notify you and request that
you approve the additional fee. TWM will not require prepayment of a fee more than six months
in advance and in excess of $1,200.
TWM offers ongoing financial planning and consulting services which will be billed at periodic
intervals as agreed to in the financial planning and consulting agreement. For one-time or ongoing
services, we accept several payment methods including but not limited to: checks, or direct
debiting of a brokerage account. When directly debiting advisory fees from your account through
the qualified custodian holding your funds and securities, TWM will only do so when following
the requirements are met:
• You provide TWM with written authorization permitting the fees to be paid directly from
your account held by the qualified custodian; and
• The qualified custodian agrees to send you a statement, at least quarterly, indicating all
amounts disbursed from your account including the amount of the advisory fee paid
directly to TWM.
You may terminate the financial planning agreement by providing written notice to TWM. If you
have pre-paid financial planning fees that we have not yet earned, you will receive a prorated
refund of those fees. If financial consulting fees are payable in arrears, you will be responsible for
a prorated fee based on services performed prior to termination of the financial planning and
consulting agreement.
Third Party Managers and Other Advisers
TWM may recommend or select Third Party Managers (“TPMs”) that provide specialized
discretionary management of Client portfolios. This can be retained under a sub-advisory
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arrangement, under a TPM arrangement, or using a direct mutual fund platform. When a sub-
advisor is recommended or selected, the applicable fee paid by the Client will be subject to a sub-
advisory agreement between TWM and the sub-advisor and will be disclosed in advance. When a
TPM is recommended or selected, the applicable fee paid by the Client will be subject to a TPM
agreement between the Client and the third party manager and will be disclosed in advance.
TPM arrangements may be made directly or through outside provider platforms. When a direct
mutual fund platform is recommended or selected, the applicable fee paid by the Client will be
subject to the fund’s expense ratio and the fee debiting arrangement made between the fund and
TWM, both of which will be disclosed in advance.
TPMs and sub-advisors charge fees that vary depending on the manager and type of assets
managed. Typical asset-based fees are less than 0.5% but in rare instances could be as high as
1.00% annually. These fees are separate from TWM’s fee, regardless of whether a third-party
manager is used, whereas the Client engages directly with manager, or a TWM sub-advisor is
engaged directed by TWM. Some of these managers or the platforms that provide them may
impose a minimum fee amounts or have a minimum account size which differ from TWM’s
practices.
Please consult your TWM IAA for specific fees charged. Details about each TPM or sub-advisor,
including their fees and business practices, are available in each manager’s Form ADV Part 2A
Brochure.
Pension Consulting Services Fees
Fees collected by TWM for Pension Consulting Services are negotiated on a case-by-case basis
with Plan Sponsor depending on the complexity and other determining factors. Determinant factors
may include the following:
• Amount of plan assets,
• Number of participants,
• Number of plan sponsor locations, and
• Special plan sponsor considerations or requirements.
Delivery of TWM’s fees depends on details such the invoicing or fee assessment frequency, which
could be monthly or quarterly, and policies of the Plan Provider/Platform utilized by the Plan
Sponsor that require such fees to be paid in arrears. The exact fee and fee payment method will be
clearly listed in the pension consulting agreement signed by the Client and TWM. Either party to
the pension consulting agreement may terminate the agreement in accordance to the terms of the
agreement. The fees will be prorated for the quarter in which the termination notice is given
Fee Deduction Disclosure
Where TWM deducts its management fee from Client accounts utilizing a qualified custodian, the
Firm is required to meet the following requirements.
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a. Possess written authorization from the Client to deduct advisory fees from an account held
by a qualified custodian;
b. TWM must send the qualified custodian a written invoice detailing the fee amount to be
deducted from the Client account; and,
c. TWM must have a reasonable basis, after due inquiry, for believing that the qualified
custodian sends an account statement, at least quarterly, to each of your Clients for which
it maintains funds or securities, identifying the amount of funds and of each security in the
account at the end of the period and setting forth all transactions in the account during that
period.
Right of Cancellation
In addition to the right to terminate an agreement pursuant to its terms, a Client may cancel an
agreement with Adviser within five (5) business days of first receiving a copy of this disclosure
brochure and supplement without penalty or fee.
Additional Fees
Clients may incur certain fees or charges imposed by third parties other than TWM in connection
with investments or recommendations made by TWM. We do not receive any portion of these
fees. These fees and charges are separate and distinct from the fees or charges stated above and
may include, but not be limited to: brokerage and transactions fees, mutual fund 12b-1 fees, certain
deferred sales charges on previously purchased mutual funds transferred into the account, other
transaction related fees, IRA and Qualified Retirement Plan fees, interest charged on margin
borrowing, bank service fees, interest charged on debit balanced, “spreads” imposed by brokers
and dealers representing implicit transaction costs, commissions and transfer taxes. Information
regarding fees or charges assessed by any mutual funds held in Client accounts is available in the
appropriate prospectus. The firm is not responsible for, and does not receive any portion of, the
fees imposed by such third parties. Please note, such fees will differ from Client to Client based
on their own unique situation and selection of products and services.
Compensation for the Sale of Securities or Investment Products
Neither TWM nor its supervised persons accept any commissions or compensation for the sale of
securities nor other investment products, including asset-based sales charges or service fees from
the sale of mutual funds.
ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE
MANAGEMENT
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TWM does not charge nor accept performance-based fees.
ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS
TWM provides investment advice to many different types of Clients. These Clients generally
include individuals, corporations, trusts and estates, pension and profit-sharing plans, charitable
organizations, and other business entities.
Minimum Account Size
TWM generally requires $250,000 to open or maintain an account. However, we reserve the right
to waive this requirement on a case-by-case basis. As mentioned previously, TPM programs may
have account minimum requirements, and these minimum requirements vary from manager to
manager. Fixed income accounts than equity-based accounts for TPM programs may have high
account minimum standards.
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK
OF LOSS
Methods of Analysis
the following methods when considering
investment strategies and
TWM may use
recommendations.
Charting Review
Charting is a technical analysis that charts the patterns of stocks, bonds, and commodities to help
determine buy and sell recommendations for clients. It is a way of gathering and processing price
and volume information in a security by applying mathematical equations and plotting the
resulting data onto graphs in order to predict future price movements. A graphical historical
record assists the analyst in spotting the effect of key events on a security’s price, its performance
over a period of time, and whether it is trading near its high, near its low or in between. Chartists
believe that recurring patterns of trading, commonly referred to as indicators, can help them
forecast future price movements.
Fundamental Analysis
A fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating a company or security by attempting to measure
its intrinsic value. Fundamental analysis attempts to determine the true value of a company or
security by looking at all aspects of the company or security, including both tangible factors (e.g.,
machinery, buildings, land, etc.) and intangible factors (e.g., patents, trademarks, “brand” names,
etc.). Fundamental analysis also involves examining related economic factors (e.g., overall
12
economy and industry conditions, etc.), financial factors (e.g., company debt, interest rates,
management salaries and bonuses, etc.), qualitative factors (e.g., management expertise, industry
cycles, labor relations, etc.), and quantitative factors (e.g., debt-to-equity and price-to-equity
ratios).
The end goal of performing fundamental analysis is to produce a value that an investor can
compare with the security's current price with the aim of determining what sort of position to take
with that security (e.g., if underpriced, the security should be bought; if overpriced the security
should sold). Fundamental analysis uses real data to evaluate a security's value. Although most
analysts use fundamental analysis to value stocks, this method of valuation can be used for many
types of securities.
Technical Analysis
A technical analysis is a method of evaluating securities that analyzes statistics generated by
market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysis does not attempt to measure a
security's intrinsic value, but instead uses past market data and statistical tools to identify patterns
that can suggest future activity. Historical performance of securities and the markets can indicate
future performance.
Charting
Charting is a technical analysis that charts the patterns of stocks, bonds, and commodities to help
determine buy and sell recommendations for Clients. It is a way of gathering and processing price
and volume information in a security by applying mathematical equations and plotting the resulting
data onto graphs in order to predict future price movements. A graphical historical record assists
the analyst in spotting the effect of key events on a security’s price, its performance over a period
of time, and whether it is trading near its high, near its low or in between. Chartists believe that
recurring patterns of trading, commonly referred to as indicators, can help them forecast future
price movements.
Cyclical Review
A cyclical analysis assumes the market reacts in reoccurring patterns that can be identified and
leveraged to provide performance. Cyclical analysis of economic cycles is used to determine how
these reoccurring patterns, or cycles, affect the returns of a given investment, asset, or company.
Cyclical analysis is a time-based assessment which incorporates past and present performance to
determine future value. Cyclical analyses exist because the broad economy has been shown to
move in cycles, from periods of peak performance to periods of low performance. The risks of this
strategy are two-fold: (1) the markets do not always repeat cyclical patterns; and (2) if too many
investors begin to implement this strategy, it changes the very cycles of which they are trying to
take advantage.
Economic Review
An economic analysis determines the economic environment over a certain time horizon. This
involves following and updating historic economic data such as U.S. gross domestic product and
consumer price index as well as monitoring key economic drivers such as employment, inflation,
and money supply for the world’s major economies.
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Investment Strategies
When implementing investment advice to Clients, the Firm may employ a variety of strategies to
best pursue the objectives of Clients. Depending on market trends and conditions, TWM will
employee any technique or strategy herein described, at the Firm’s discretion and in the best
interests of the Client. The Firm does not recommend any particular security or type of security.
Instead, the Firm makes recommendations to meet a particular Client’s financial objectives. There
is inherent risk to any investment and Clients may suffer loss of ALL OR PART of a principal
investment.
Long-Term Purchases
Long-term purchases are securities that are purchased with the expectation that the value of those
securities will grow over a relatively long period, generally greater than one year. Long-term
purchases may be affected by unforeseen changes in the company in which a Client is invested or
in the overall market. Long-term trading is designed to capture market rates of both return and
risk. Frequent trading can affect investment performance, particularly through increased brokerage
and other transaction costs and taxes. Due to its nature, the long-term strategy can expose Clients
to various other types of risk that will typically surface at various intervals during the time the
Client owns the investments. These risks include, but are not limited to, inflation (purchasing
power) risk, interest rate risk, economic risk, and political/regulatory risk.
Short-Term Purchases
Short-term purchases are securities that are purchased with the expectation that they will be sold
within a relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of the
securities’ short-term price fluctuations. Short-term trading generally holds greater risk. Frequent
trading can affect investment performance due to increased brokerage fees and other transaction
costs and taxes.
Strategic Asset Allocation
Asset allocation is a combination of several different types of investments; typically, this includes
stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents among various asset classes to achieve diversification. The
objective of asset allocation is to manage risk and market exposure while still positioning a
portfolio to meet financial objectives.
Risk of Loss
Investing inherently involves risk up to and including loss of the principal sum. Further, past
performance of any security is not necessarily indicative of future results. Therefore, future
performance of any specific investment or investment strategy based on past performance should
not be assumed as a guarantee. TWM does not provide any representation or guarantee that the
financial goals of Clients will be achieved.
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The potential return or gain and potential risk or loss of an investment varies, generally speaking,
with the type of product invested in. Below is an overview of the types of products available on
the market and the associated risks of each:
• General Risks: Investing in securities always involves risk of loss that you should be
prepared to bear. We do not represent or guarantee that our services or methods of analysis
can or will predict future results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate
Clients from losses due to market corrections or declines. We cannot offer any guarantees
or promises that your financial goals and objectives can or will be met. Past performance
is in no way an indication of future performance. We also cannot assure that third parties
will satisfy their obligations in a timely manner or perform as expected or marketed.
• General Market Risk: Investment returns will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of
the portfolio securities. Certain securities held may be worth less than the price originally
paid for them, or less than they were worth at an earlier time.
• Common Stocks: Investments in common stocks, both directly and indirectly through
investment in shares of ETFs, may fluctuate in value in response to many factors, including,
but not limited to, the activities of the individual companies, general market and economic
conditions, interest rates, and specific industry changes. Such price fluctuations subject
certain strategies to potential losses. During temporary or extended bear markets, the value
of common stocks will decline, which could also result in losses for each strategy.
• Portfolio Turnover Risk: High rates of portfolio turnover could lower the performance of
an investment strategy due to increased costs and may result in the realization of capital
gains. If an investment strategy realizes capital gains when it sells its portfolio investments,
it will increase taxable distributions to you. High rates of portfolio turnover in a given year
would likely result in short-term capital gains and under current tax law you would be taxed
on short-term capital gains at ordinary income tax rates, if held in a taxable account.
• Non-Diversified Strategy Risk: Some investment strategies may be non-diversified (e.g.,
investing a greater percentage of portfolio assets in a particular issuer and owning fewer
securities than a diversified strategy). Accordingly, each such strategy is subject to the risk
that a large loss in an individual issuer will cause a greater loss than it would if the strategy
held a larger number of securities or smaller positions sizes.
• Model Risk: Financial and economic data series are subject to regime shifts, meaning past
information may lack value under future market conditions. Models are based upon
assumptions that may prove invalid or incorrect under many market environments. We may
use certain model outputs to help identify market opportunities and/or to make certain asset
allocation decisions.
There is no guarantee any model will work under all market conditions. For this reason,
we include model related results as part of our investment decision process, but we often
weigh professional judgment more heavily in making trades or asset allocations.
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• Mutual Funds: Investing in mutual funds carries the risk of capital loss and thus you may
lose money investing in mutual funds. All mutual funds have costs that lower investment
returns. The funds can be of bond “fixed income” nature (lower risk) or stock “equity”
nature.
• ETF Risks, including Net Asset Valuations and Tracking Error: An ETF's performance may
not exactly match the performance of the index or market benchmark that the ETF is
designed to track because 1) the ETF will incur expenses and transaction costs not incurred
by any applicable index or market benchmark; 2) certain securities comprising the index
or market benchmark tracked by the ETF may, from time to time, temporarily be
unavailable; and 3) supply and demand in the market for either the ETF and/or for the
securities held by the ETF may cause the ETF shares to trade at a premium or discount to
the actual net asset value of the securities owned by the ETF. Certain ETF strategies may
from time to time include the purchase of fixed income, commodities, foreign securities,
American Depository Receipts, or other securities for which expenses and commission
rates could be higher than normally charged for exchange-traded equity securities, and for
which market quotations or valuation may be limited or inaccurate.
Clients should be aware that to the extent they invest in ETF securities they will pay two
levels of advisory compensation – advisory fees charged by TWM plus any advisory fees
charged by the issuer of the ETF. This scenario may cause a higher advisory cost (and
potentially lower investment returns) than if a Client purchased the ETF directly. An ETF
typically includes embedded expenses that may reduce the ETF's net asset value, and
therefore directly affect the ETF's performance and indirectly affect a Client’s portfolio
performance or an index benchmark comparison. Expenses of the ETF may include
investment advisor management fees, custodian fees, brokerage commissions, and legal
and accounting fees. ETF expenses may change from time to time at the sole discretion of
the ETF issuer. ETF tracking error and expenses may vary.
•
Inflation, Currency, and Interest Rate Risks: Security prices and portfolio returns will likely
vary in response to changes in inflation and interest rates. Inflation causes the value of
future dollars to be worth less and may reduce the purchasing power of an investor’s future
interest payments and principal. Inflation also generally leads to higher interest rates, which
in turn may cause the value of many types of fixed income investments to decline. In
addition, the relative value of the U.S. dollar-denominated assets primarily managed by
TWM may be affected by the risk that currency devaluations affect Client purchasing
power.
• Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash to prevent
a loss, realize an anticipated profit, or otherwise transfer funds out of the particular
investment. Generally, investments are more liquid if the investment has an established
market of purchasers and sellers, such as a stock or bond listed on a national securities
exchange. Conversely, investments that do not have an established market of purchasers
and sellers may be considered illiquid. Your investment in illiquid investments may be for
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an indefinite time, because of the lack of purchasers willing to convert your investment to
cash or other assets.
• Private Placement Risk: For the private placement securities portion of a client’s portfolio,
we employ a number of different means and accesses multiple outside resources to provide
for an appropriate level of due diligence in identifying various private placement and direct
participation investment offerings that may be recommended to our clients. This may
include sponsor financial reviews, attendance at sponsor provided due diligence meetings,
attendance at industry sponsored due diligence conferences, access and review of third-
party due diligence and review summaries, the hiring of our own due diligence counsel and
review, consulting with other industry professionals as well as industry specialists. The due
diligence process is ongoing and continual and may include the gathering of available
information, such as; marketing materials, audited financial reports sponsor and investment
entity operating statements, profit and loss statements, balance sheets, offering
memorandums, subscription agreements, annual reports, industry outlook reports,
economic studies, and others.
• Legislative and Tax Risk: Performance may directly or indirectly be affected by
government legislation or regulation, which may include, but is not limited to: changes in
investment advisor or securities trading regulation; change in the U.S. government’s
guarantee of ultimate payment of principal and interest on certain government securities;
and changes in the tax code that could affect interest income, income characterization
and/or tax reporting obligations, particularly for options, swaps, master limited
partnerships, Real Estate Investment Trust, Exchange Traded Products/Funds/Securities.
We do not engage in tax planning, and in certain circumstances a Client may incur taxable
income on their investments without a cash distribution to pay the tax due. Clients and their
personal tax advisors are responsible for how the transactions in their account are reported
to the IRS or any other taxing authority.
• Concentration Risk: While TWM selects individual securities, including mutual funds,
for Client portfolios based on an individualized assessment of each security, this
evaluation comes without an overlay of general economic or sector specific issue
analysis. This means that a Client’s equity portfolio may be concentrated in a specific
sector, geography, or sub-sector (among other types of potential concentrations), so that
if an unexpected event occurs that affects that specific sector or geography, for example,
the Client’s equity portfolio may be affected negatively, including significant losses.
• Foreign Investing and Emerging Markets Risk: Foreign investing involves risks not
typically associated with U.S. investments, and the risks maybe exacerbated further in
emerging market countries. These risks may include, among others, adverse fluctuations in
foreign currency values, as well as adverse political, social, and economic developments
affecting one or more foreign countries.
In addition, foreign investing may involve less publicly available information and more
volatile or less liquid securities markets, particularly in markets that trade a small number
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of securities, have unstable governments, or involve limited industry. Investments in
foreign countries could be affected by factors not present in the U.S., such as restrictions
on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country, foreign tax laws or tax
withholding requirements, unique trade clearance or settlement procedures, and potential
difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations or other legal rules that jeopardize
shareholder protection. Foreign accounting may be less transparent than U.S. accounting
practices and foreign regulation may be inadequate or irregular.
•
Information Security Risk: We may be susceptible to risks to the confidentiality and
security of its operations and proprietary and customer information. Information risks,
including theft or corruption of electronically stored data, denial of service attacks on our
website or websites of our third-party service providers, and the unauthorized release of
confidential information are a few of the more common risks faced by us and other
investment advisers. Data security breaches of our electronic data infrastructure could have
the effect of disrupting our operations and compromising our customers' confidential and
personally identifiable information. Such breaches could result in an inability of us to
conduct business, potential losses, including identity theft and theft of investment funds
from customers, and other adverse consequences to customers. We have taken and will
continue to take steps to detect and limit the risks associated with these threats.
• Tax Risks: Tax laws and regulations applicable to an account with TWM may be subject to
change and unanticipated tax liabilities may be incurred by an investor as a result of such
changes. In addition, customers may experience adverse tax consequences from the early
assignment of options purchased for a customer's account. Customers should consult their
own tax advisers and counsel to determine the potential tax-related consequences of
investing.
• Advisory Risk: There is no guarantee that our judgment or investment decisions on behalf
of particular any account will necessarily produce the intended results. Our judgment may
prove to be incorrect, and an account might not achieve her investment objectives. In
addition, it is possible that we may experience computer equipment failure, loss of internet
access, viruses, or other events that may impair access to accounts’ custodians’ software.
TWM and its representatives are not responsible to any account for losses unless caused
by TWM breaching our fiduciary duty.
• Dependence on Key Employees: An accounts success depends, in part, upon the ability of
our key professionals to achieve the targeted investment goals. The loss of any of these key
personnel could adversely impact the ability to achieve such investment goals and
objectives of the account.
• Restriction Risk: Clients may at all times place reasonable restrictions on the
management of their accounts. However, placing these restrictions may make managing
the accounts more difficult, thus lowering the potential for returns.
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• Buffer ETFs. A type of structured product investment seeks to provide investors with the
upside of the underlying index, market benchmark or assets returns (generally up to a
capped percentage stated in the ETFs prospectus and prospectus supplement) while also
providing downside protection on the first predetermined percentage of losses. Similar to
other ETFs, a buffer ETF will be designed to track a stated index, market benchmark, or
asset. However, the buffer ETF will also use a portfolio of options and derivatives in
order to achieve the stated capped return (“cap”) and limitation of losses (“buffer”).
Most buffer ETFs have a stated outcome or holding period (typically a 3 month or 12-
month period), in order to realize the benefits of the hedge or limitation on losses. These
limited outcome periods or holding periods mean that only those investors who purchase
at the beginning of the outcome period (e.g., on the first date of rebalancing) and hold the
ETF throughout the entire outcome period will be provided with the level of
return/protection stated by the prospectus. Investors who invest in these ETFs at any time
after the beginning of the outcome or holding period or who liquidate their investments in
these ETFs before the end of the holding or outcome period, will receive different caps
and buffers on gains and losses than those stated in the ETF prospectus or prospectus
supplement. Fund sponsors often post the anticipated cap on returns, buffers, and days
remaining in the outcome period on the funds’ websites. The updated caps, buffers, and
days remaining should be considered and analyzed by an investor before investing in the
buffer ETF at any time other than the beginning of the outcome period and should further
be reviewed prior to liquidating any investment in such ETFs prior to the conclusion of
the applicable holding or outcome period. At the end of an outcome period, the buffer
ETF will roll into a new set of option contracts with the same buffer level and term
length, but a new upside cap. This upside cap may be higher or lower than the preceding
period and will depend on market conditions at the time. Additionally, the expenses
associated with the new options contracts may impact the expenses of the ETF, which
could impact returns to investors who hold these ETFs through multiple outcome periods.
Investors should understand that buffer ETFs are complex products with complicated and
layered strategies. There are unique risks and considerations that investors must
understand and accept before purchasing a buffer ETF. Investors should consider the
following implications before purchasing a buffer ETF:
1. Exposure to the index is likely limited to price returns. Dividends and income are not
included.
2. Downside protection is not eliminated and is only “buffered”. Accordingly, if a given
buffer ETF has a stated buffer of 10% and the underlying reference index falls 25%
during the outcome period, that investor will experience a roughly 15% loss. This loss
will be further increased once management fees are subtracted from the portfolio.
3. The buffer ETFs upside return is capped. Investors will not be compensated if the
underlying reference index experiences a higher return that the stated cap. This cap is
established to offset the costs of purchasing options to create the downside buffer,
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therefore the cap and buffer are inversely related. Thus, if investors require more
downside protection, the trade-off is a lower upside cap (meaning a lower upside
return). Conversely, if an investor requires a higher upside return it will result in less
downside protection.
4. Due to the strategies employed these funds will generally exhibit a greater potential
for loss than the potential for gain. In other words, by capping the upside, investors
miss out on gains that exceed the upside cap, but they still participate in all downside
losses beyond the stated buffer.
5. Because these buffer ETFs trade in options that are volatile in price, investors who
invest in these ETFs beyond the initial holding or outcome period may experience
losses due to the price fluctuations in the trading of options contracts at the start of the
new holding period. It is therefore not recommended to hold these investments
beyond the stated outcome or holding period.
Investors should also be aware that in addition to these risks unique to buffer ETFs, these
products also face the same general risks associated with any ETF product. Please see the
“ETF Risks, including Net Asset Valuations and Tracking Error” paragraph in this section
above for more information regarding risks associated with ETFs.
• Credit Risk. Investments in bonds and other fixed income securities are subject to the risk
that the issuer(s) may not make required interest payments. An issuer suffering an adverse
change in its financial condition could lower the credit quality of a security, leading to
greater price volatility of the security. A lowering of the credit rating of a security may
also offset the security's liquidity, making it more difficult to sell. Funds investing in
lower quality debt securities are more susceptible to these problems and their value may
be more volatile.
• Structured Products. Structured products are securities derived from another asset, such
as a security or a basket of securities, an index, a commodity, a debt issuance, or a foreign
currency. Structured products frequently limit the upside participation in the reference
asset. Structured products are senior unsecured debt of the issuing bank and subject to the
credit risk associated with that issuer. This credit risk exists whether or not the investment
held in the account offers principal protection. The creditworthiness of the issuer does not
affect or enhance the likely performance of the investment other than the ability of the
issuer to meet its obligations. Any payments due at maturity are dependent on the issuer’s
ability to pay. In addition, the trading price of the security in the secondary market, if
there is one, may be adversely impacted if the issuer’s credit rating is downgraded. Some
structured products offer full protection of the principal invested, others offer only partial
or no protection. Investors may be sacrificing a higher yield to obtain the principal
guarantee. In addition, the principal guarantee relates to nominal principal and does not
offer inflation protection. An investor in a structured product never has a claim on the
underlying investment, whether a security, zero coupon bond, or option. There may be
little or no secondary market for the securities and information regarding independent
market pricing for the securities may be limited. This is true even if the product has a
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ticker symbol or has been approved for listing on an exchange. Tax treatment of
structured products may be different from other investments held in the account (e.g.,
income may be taxed as ordinary income even though payment is not received until
maturity). Structured CDs that are insured by the FDIC are subject to applicable FDIC
limits.
• Real Estate Investment Trust. A real estate investment trust ("REIT") is a corporate entity
which invests in real estate and/or engages in real estate financing. A REIT reduces or
eliminates corporate income taxes. REITs can be publicly or privately held. Public REITs
may be listed on public stock exchanges. REITs are required to declare 90% of their
taxable income as dividends, but they actually pay dividends out of funds from
operations, so cash flow has to be strong or the REIT must either dip into reserves,
borrow to pay dividends, or distribute them in stock (which causes dilution). After 2012,
the IRS stopped permitting stock dividends. Most REITs must refinance or erase large
balloon debts periodically. The credit markets are no longer frozen, but banks are
demanding, and getting, harsher terms to re-extend REIT debt. Some REITs may be
forced to make secondary stock offerings to repay debt, which will lead to additional
dilution of the stockholders. Fluctuations in the real estate market can affect the REIT's
value and dividends.
• Alternative Investments Risks. The performance of alternative investments (e.g.,
•
commodities, futures, hedge funds; funds of hedge funds, private equity or other types of
limited partnerships) can be volatile. Alternative investments generally involve various
risk factors and liquidity constraints, a complete discussion of which is set forth in the
offering documents of each specific alternative investment. Due to the speculative nature
of alternative investments a client must satisfy certain income or net worth standards
prior to investing.
Interval Funds. We may recommend certain private or alternative investment options to
suitable clients. These alternative investment options may include “interval funds.” An
interval fund is a closed-end investment company that is registered with the SEC under
the Investment Company Act of 1940 (1940 Act). These funds have no restriction on the
amount of illiquid investments held in the fund and are offered to investors based upon
the net asset value (NAV) of the fund. These funds typically offer shareholders the ability
to participate in privately offered investments, such as venture capital funds and other
private equity funds that are otherwise restricted to accredited investors only. Because
these funds hold illiquid investments, the funds only offer periodic redemption of shares
for liquidity. These funds are therefore limited in liquidity and are therefore suitable only
for investors who require limited liquidity of the assets invested.
• BLOCKCHAIN, DIGITAL ASSETS & VIRTUAL CURRENCY - RISKS AND
DISCLOSURES
The foregoing correspondence contains valuation information concerning crypto
currencies, decentralized application tokens, protocol tokens, other cryptofinance coins,
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tokens and instruments based on blockchain, distributed ledger or similar technologies
(“digital assets and virtual currencies”). You should be aware that given certain material
characteristics of digital assets and virtual currencies including lack of a centralized pricing
source and the opaque nature of the virtual currency market, there currently is no sound or
acceptable practice for regulators to adequately verify the ownership and control of a digital
asset or virtual currency or the valuation attributed to a digital asset or virtual currency. The
risks associated with this asset class include, but are not limited to:
1. Unique Features of Virtual Currencies. Digital assets and virtual currencies
are not legal tender in the United States and many question whether they have
intrinsic value. The price of many digital assets and virtual currencies is based
on the agreement of the parties to a transaction. The risks associated with the
unique features of virtual currencies should be explained;
2. Price Volatility. The price of a digital asset or virtual currency is based on the
perceived value of that asset and subject to changes in sentiment, which make
these products highly volatile. Certain digital assets and virtual currencies have
experienced daily price volatility of more than 20%. The risks associated with
the extreme price volatility of virtual currencies and the possibility of rapid and
substantial price movements, which could result in significant losses;
3. Valuation and Liquidity. Digital assets and virtual currencies can be traded
through privately negotiated transactions and through numerous virtual
currency exchanges and intermediaries around the world, none of which is yet
registered or authorized with US regulators. The lack of a centralized pricing
source, and the absence of a regulated exchange, pose a variety of valuation
challenges. In addition, the dispersed liquidity may pose challenges for market
participants trying to exit a position, particularly during periods of stress. These
challenges can lead to potential mark-to-market valuation inconstancies with
the true value of the virtual currencies, which can distort the overall value of an
investor’s investment, either overvalued or undervalued. Finding an
appropriate third party to value digital assets and virtual currencies may be
difficult and challenging, and the reliability and capability of third-party
valuation vendors can be extremely inconsistent, further contributing to
potentially inaccurate or stale valuations;
4. Cybersecurity. The cybersecurity risks of digital assets, virtual currencies and
related “wallets” or unregulated spot exchanges include hacking vulnerabilities
and a risk that publicly distributed ledgers may not be immutable. A
cybersecurity event could result in a substantial, immediate and irreversible loss
for market participants that trade virtual currencies. Even a minor cybersecurity
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event in a digital asset or virtual currency is likely to result in downward price
pressure on that product and potentially other virtual currencies. These hacking
vulnerabilities could include at the exchange, merchant, custodian, or issuer and
may result in a complete loss of investment. Finally, digital surveillance leading
to 1) the theft of private keys could result in the total loss of investment and/or
2) deanonymizing users could inflict downward price pressure on the
investment;
5. Opaque Spot Market. Digital assets and virtual currency balances are generally
maintained as an address on the blockchain and are accessed through private
keys, which may be held by a market participant or a custodian. Although
digital assets and virtual currency transactions are typically publicly available
on a blockchain or distributed ledger, the public address does not identify the
controller, owner or holder of the private key. Unlike bank and brokerage
accounts, digital assets and virtual currency exchanges and custodians that hold
digital assets and virtual currencies do not always identify the owner. The
opaque underlying or spot market poses asset verification challenges for market
participants, regulators and auditors and gives rise to an increased risk of
manipulation and fraud, including the potential for Ponzi schemes, bucket
shops and pump and dump schemes;
6. Virtual Currency Exchanges, Intermediaries and Custodians. Digital asset
and virtual currency exchanges, as well as other intermediaries, custodians and
vendors used to facilitate virtual currency transactions, are relatively new and
largely unregulated in both the United States and many foreign jurisdictions.
Digital asset and virtual currency exchanges generally purchase these assets for
their own account on the public ledger and allocate positions to customers
through internal bookkeeping entries while maintaining exclusive control of the
private keys. Under this structure, digital asset and virtual currency exchanges
collect large amounts of customer funds for the purpose of buying and holding
these assets on behalf of their customers. The opaque underlying spot market
and lack of regulatory oversight creates a risk that a digital asset and virtual
currency exchange may not hold sufficient virtual currencies and funds to
satisfy its obligations and that such deficiency may not be easily identified or
discovered. In addition, many digital asset and virtual currency exchanges have
experienced significant outages, downtime and transaction processing delays
and may have a higher level of operational risk than regulated futures or
securities exchanges. Finally, any insurance, bond, or trust maintained by
exchanges, intermediaries, or custodians or those effecting transactions may not
be sufficient to cover all losses incurred by counterparties;
7. Regulatory Landscape. Digital assets and virtual currencies currently face an
uncertain regulatory landscape in the United States and many foreign
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jurisdictions. In the United States, digital assets and virtual currencies are not
subject to federal regulatory oversight but may be regulated by one or more
state regulatory bodies. In addition, the SEC has cautioned that many initial
coin offerings are likely to fall within the definition of a security and subject to
U.S. securities laws. One or more jurisdictions may, in the future, adopt laws,
regulations or directives that affect digital asset and virtual currency networks
and their users. Such laws, regulations or directives may impact the price of
digital assets and virtual currencies and their acceptance by users, merchants
and service providers, and they could potentially ban them altogether resulting
in a loss of investment;
8. Technology. The relatively new and rapidly evolving technology underlying
digital assets and virtual currencies introduces unique risks. For example, a
unique private key is required to access, use or transfer a digital asset or virtual
currency on a blockchain or distributed ledger. The loss, theft or destruction of
a private key may result in an irreversible loss. The ability to participate in
forks could also have implications for investors. For example, a market
participant holding a digital asset or virtual currency position through a digital
asset or virtual currency exchange may be adversely impacted if the exchange
does not allow its customers to participate in a fork that creates a new product;
9. Transaction Fees. Many digital assets and virtual currencies allow market
participants to offer miners (i.e., parties that process transactions and record
them on a blockchain or distributed ledger) a fee. While not mandatory, a fee is
generally necessary to ensure that a transaction is promptly recorded on a
blockchain or distributed ledger. The amounts of these fees are subject to
market forces and it is possible that the fees could increase substantially during
a period of stress. In addition, virtual currency exchanges, wallet providers and
other custodians may charge high fees relative to custodians in many other
financial markets;
10. Digital Asset and Virtual Currency Values. Digital asset and virtual currency
values could go to zero or near zero;
11. Trading Hours. Digital assets and virtual currencies trade 24 hours a day, 7
days a week, and internationally. Large price moves can occur outside of
normal trading business hours, which may result in the loss of all or a
substantial majority of an investment due to an investor’s inability to timely
transact;
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12. No Investor Protection. Digital asset and virtual currency accounts and value
balances are not protected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or
Securities Investor Protection Corporation;
13. Timing. The date or time that a digital asset or virtual currency transaction is
initiated can differ from the record posted on a public ledger, and;
14. Taxation. Oppressive taxation regimes on digital assets and virtual currencies
can result in large and unforeseen negative tax consequences reducing the value
and worth of assets.
• Options. We may suggest the use of options as an investment strategy. An option is a
contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset (such
as a share of stock) at a specific price on or before a certain date. An option, just like a
stock or bond, is a security. An option is also a derivative because it derives its value
from an underlying asset.
The two types of options are calls and puts: A call gives the holder the right to buy an
asset at a certain price within a specific period of time. We will suggest the purchase of a
call option(s) if we have determined that the stock will increase substantially before the
option expires. A put gives the holder the right to sell an asset at a certain price within a
specific period of time. We will suggest the purchase of a put option(s) if we have
determined that the price of the stock will fall before the option expires. We may use
options to speculate on the possibility of a sharp price swing. We will also suggest the use
of options to “hedge” a purchase of the underlying security; in other words, we may
suggest an option purchase to limit the potential upside and downside of a security we
previously recommended for purchase. We may use “covered calls,” in which we suggest
the sale of an option on a security already within a particular portfolio. In this strategy,
the portfolio will receive a fee for making the option available, and the person purchasing
the option has the right to buy the security from you at an agreed-upon price. We may use
a “spreading strategy,” in which we recommend purchase two or more option contracts
(for example, a call option for the client to buy and a call option for the client to sell) for
the same underlying security. This effectively puts the portfolio on both sides of the
market, but with the ability to vary price, time, and other factors.
• Environmental, Social and Governance Risk. When an investment process considers
environmental, social and governance factors, the advisor may choose to avoid
investments that might otherwise be considered, or sell investments due to changes in
ESG risk factors as part of the overall investment decision process. The use of
environmental, social and governance factors may impact investment exposure to issuers,
industries, sectors, and countries, potentially resulting in higher or lower returns than a
similar investment strategy without such screens.
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• Margin Transactions. Margin transactions are securities transaction in which an investor
borrows money to purchase a security, in which case the security serves as collateral on
the loan.nUnder certain conditions and options-based strategy mandates, Adviser’s clients
may be required to use "margin" within their securities account(s). Before trading
securities in a margin account, clients should carefully review the margin agreement
provided by their registered broker-dealer to understand fully the risks involved with
trading securities in a margin account. Securities purchased within a client's margin
account may be paid for in full or in part with monies borrowed from the broker-dealer.
The client must establish a margin account in advance if the client chooses to borrow
funds from their broker-dealer. The securities held or purchased in the client's account are
the collateral pledged to the broker-dealer for the margin loan.
Under Traditional Margin or Reg T margin, if the securities in the client's account decline
in value, this means the collateral supporting the loan declined in value. As a result, the
broker-dealer may issue a margin call and/or sell securities or other assets held within the
broker-dealer's account in order to maintain the required equity to margin balance ratio,
usually fifty percent (50%), in the account.
Portfolio Margin or Risk Based Margin is a margin calculation methodology that sets
margin requirements for an account based upon a projected net loss of all positions in a
given "security class" or "product group" as determined by the broker-dealer's model
using multiple pricing scenarios. Pricing scenarios for options include changes to the
inputs to a theoretical options' pricing model, including the underlying price and
volatility. The goal of Portfolio Margin is to set levels of margin that more precisely
reflect actual net risk. The client may benefit from Portfolio Margin in that margin
requirements that are calculated based on net risk are generally lower than alternative
"position" or "strategy" based methodologies for determining margin requirements.
Lower margin requirements grant the client an opportunity to use more leverage to
increase position size or allow the client to post less collateral, or borrow less, than with
Traditional Margin calculations. Whereas Portfolio Margin usually permits greater
leverage in an account, it may also result in greater losses in the event of adverse market
movements. In addition, the time limit for meeting a margin deficiency is shorter with
Portfolio Margin, which might cause the margin account to be subject to involuntarily
liquidation. Since Portfolio Margin requirements rely on sophisticated mathematical
calculations and model specific assumptions/scenarios/outcomes, clients may not be able
to predict the size of future margin deficiencies. These models may not accurately
capture the amount of potential loss in a portfolio. Such model errors may trigger a
margin call in which additional cash or collateral must be delivered to the broker to
preserve existing trade positions.
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• Securities Backed Line of Credit (SBLOC) / Non-Purpose Loans. The Firm offers clients
SBLOCs offered through participating third-party banks and custodians. SBLOCs are
loans whereby an investor borrows against the assets in his or her investment portfolio
without having to liquidate these securities. These loans require monthly interest-only
payments, and the loan remains outstanding until it is re-paid. SBLOCs are non-purpose
loans, which means the loan proceeds can be used for purposes other than to purchase or
trade securities. An SBLOC allows clients the opportunity to avoid potential capital gains
taxes due to the fact that clients are not required to liquidate securities for access to funds.
Client might also be able to continue to receive the benefits of their holdings, like
dividends, interest and appreciation. However, as with virtually every financial product,
SBLOCs have risks and downsides.
For instance, if the value of the securities clients pledge as collateral decreases, clients
will need to raise capital quickly, or their positions could be liquidated. Prior to
establishing a SBLOC, clients should carefully review the disclosure form provided by
the Firm.
TWM does not primarily recommend a particular type of security.
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose any legal or disciplinary events that are
material to a Client’s or prospective Client’s evaluation of the advisory business or integrity of
TWM’s management.
TWM has no disciplinary disclosures. David Wagner, Owner and Chief Compliance Officer of
TWM, has no disciplinary disclosures. Troy Brown, Member and Chief Operating Officer, has no
disciplinary disclosures.
ITEM 10: OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND
AFFILIATIONS
Registration as a Broker/Dealer or Broker/Dealer Representative
TWM is not registered and does not have an application pending to register, as a broker dealer and
its management persons are not registered as broker/dealer representatives and there are no
pending applications to become such a representative.
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Registration as a Futures Commission merchant, Commodity Pool Operator
TWM and its management persons are not registered and do not have application pending to
register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator/advisor.
Relationships Material to this Advisory Business and Possible Conflicts of Interest
TWM and its management persons have no other relationships that are material to its advisory
business.
Selection of other Advisors
Except for TPMs, which are described in Items 4 and 5, TWM does not recommend or select other
investment advisers. TWM does not receive direct or indirect compensation from TPMs, except as
described above. The compensation TWM receives in connection with TPMs is paid in the form
of the advisory fees paid by the Client, not any of such advisers. Nonetheless, through TPMs TWM
has access to certain research and portfolio modeling tools, which tools TWM may not have access
to if it did not refer Clients to the TPM. Consequently, to the extent TWM values the use of such
tools and research, there is a conflict for it to act in its own economic best interest, rather than in
the best interests of Clients, by recommending and selecting a TPM so it will continue to have
access to these tools and research and does not have to arrange or pay for these services from its
separate funds.
TWM addresses this conflict of interest by seeking to ensure full and fair disclosure in this
Brochure. TWM monitors its accounts and evaluates the quality and costs of the services from
TPMs that provide portfolio management services for Clients to determine whether the
recommendation or selection of them continues to meet its fiduciary obligations.
Although TWM continues to believe that its selections of TPMs meet its fiduciary obligations and
are in the best interests of its Clients, it is possible that its judgment could be materially affected
by the desire to continue using these tools and services without payment from its separate funds.
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
Fiduciary Status
According to federal law, an investment advisor is considered a fiduciary. As a fiduciary, it is an
investment advisor’s responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all material facts. In
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addition, an investment advisor has a duty of utmost good faith to act solely in the best interest of
each of its Clients. TWM and its representatives have a fiduciary duty to all Clients.
TWM and its representatives’ fiduciary duty to Clients is considered the core underlying principle
for TWM’s Code of Ethics and represents the expected basis for all representatives’ dealings with
Clients. TWM has the responsibility to ensure that the interests of Clients are placed ahead of it or
its representatives’ own investment interest. All representatives will conduct business in an honest,
ethical, and fair manner. All representatives will always comply with all federal and state securities
laws. Full disclosure of all material facts and potential conflicts of interest will be provided to
Clients prior to services being conducted. All representatives have a responsibility to avoid
circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect the representatives’ duty of complete
loyalty to their Clients.
TWM and/or its investment advisory representatives may from time-to-time purchase or sell
products or investments that they may recommend to Clients. TWM has adopted a Code of Ethics
that sets forth the basic policies of ethical conduct for all managers, officers, and employees of the
adviser.
Description of Our Code of Ethics
TWM strives to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Therefore,
our Code of Ethics includes guidelines for professional standards of conduct for associated persons
of TWM Our goal is to protect your interests at all times and to demonstrate our commitment to
our fiduciary duties of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with you. All associated persons of
TWM are expected to adhere strictly to these guidelines. TWM’s associated persons are also
required to report any violations of our Code of Ethics. Additionally, we maintain and enforce
written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse or dissemination of material, non-public
information about you or your account holdings by persons associated with our firm.
Personal Trading Practices
In addition, the Code of Ethics governs personal trading by each employee of TWM deemed to be
an Access Person and is intended to ensure that securities transactions effected by Access Persons
of TWM are conducted in a manner that avoids any actual or potential conflict of interest between
such persons and Clients of the adviser or its affiliates.
TWM collects and maintains records of securities holdings and securities transactions effected by
Access Persons. These records are reviewed to identify and resolve potential conflicts of interest.
TWM’s Code of Ethics is available upon request.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Neither TWM nor any of our management persons have a material relationship or arrangement
with any issuer of securities. Neither TWM nor any persons associated with our firm has any
material financial interest in Client transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory
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services as disclosed in this brochure.
ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES
Recommendation of Broker/Dealers for Client Transactions
TWM generally recommends that Clients utilize the custody, brokerage and clearing services of
Fidelity Investments (“Fidelity”) for investment management accounts.
Factors TWM considers when recommending Fidelity or any other broker-dealer to Clients include
the broker dealer’s respective financial strength, reputation, execution, pricing, research and
service. TWM considers various factors (including those outlined above) in connection with
assessing the Firm’s overall duty to obtain “best execution”. In seeking best execution, the
determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best
qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of Fidelity’s services. TWM seeks
competitive rates but may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for Client
transactions.
While Fidelity enables the Firm’s Clients to invest in many mutual funds without transaction
charges and other securities at nominal transaction charges, the commissions and/or transaction
fees charged by Fidelity may be higher or lower than those charged by other Financial Institutions.
As referenced above, Fidelity will waive certain asset-based custodial charges when Fidelity is
engaged as a sub-advisor for its index strategy. All benefits provided by Fidelity are made available
to TWM’ employees and are utilized in the servicing of Client accounts.
Transactions may be cleared through other broker-dealers with whom the Firm and its custodians
have entered into agreements for prime brokerage clearing services. Should an account make use
of prime brokerage, the Client may be required to sign an additional agreement, and additional
fees are likely to be charged.
Software and Support Provided by Financial Institutions
TWM does not engage in traditional “soft dollar arrangements” with brokers; those arrangements
where an adviser receives cash compensation or research from brokers in exchange for directing
Client trades through that broker. TWM does, however, receive without cost from Fidelity access
to custodial back-office systems and service support which allow TWM to better monitor and
service Client accounts custodied at Fidelity. TWM receives the system access without cost
because the Firm renders investment management services to Clients that maintain assets at
Fidelity. The access is not provided in connection with securities transactions of Clients (i.e., not
soft dollars) and benefits TWM (but not its Clients) directly. In fulfilling its duties to its Clients,
TWM endeavors at all times to put the interests of its Clients first. Clients should be aware,
however, that TWM’ receipt of this access and support from a Financial Institution creates a
conflict of interest since these benefits could influence the Firm’s choice of Financial Institution
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over another that does not furnish similar system access, support or services. That said, the Client
ultimately chooses the custodian to use.
Specifically, TWM receives the following benefits from Fidelity:
• Credits paid to Clients for expenses charged for moving their assets from their current
custodian to Fidelity;
• Receipt of duplicate Client confirmations and bundled duplicate statements;
• Access to a trading desk that exclusively services its institutional traders;
• Access to block trading which provides the ability to aggregate securities transactions and
then allocate the appropriate shares to Client accounts;
• Access to an electronic communication network for Client order entry and account
information; and
• Access to Fidelity practice management communications generally available to advisers
with Clients on Fidelity’s platform.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
TWM does not receive Client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other
compensation, such as brokerage services or research.
Additional Custodians - Private Funds and Alternative Investments
While we anticipate that our primary custodian will hold all client cash and publicly traded
securities under most circumstances, clients that choose to participate in ownership of private
funds and some alternative investments will be required to utilize a separate custodian chosen by
the third-party manager investing those funds.
Private funds commonly use several service providers including a Custodian that holds cash and
title for all assets acquired by the manager running the fund, and a Fund Administrator that is
responsible for a number of services on behalf of both the fund manager and its investors such as:
calculation of the net asset value ("NAV") including the calculation of the fund's income and
expense accruals and the pricing of securities at current market value; preparation of semi-annual
and annual reports to shareholders; calculation and payment to the transfer agent of dividends and
distributions (if required); preparation and filing of other SEC filings/reports; calculation of the
total returns and other performance measures of the fund.
In these cases where custody of some assets are "held-away" from our custodian, we will evaluate
the benefits and costs to you of paying our custodian to continually reflect the updated valuations
received from the Fund Administrator on your our custodian statement for the sole purpose of
providing a consolidated view of your assets under our management. Regardless of whether our
custodian incorporates these updates though you will still receive valuation and activity reports
directly from the Fund Administrator.
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Should we choose not to have our custodian reflect the value of these assets in order to reduce your
expenses, we will likely provide a supplementary report showing all assets on a consolidated basis
using valuations supplied by our custodian and the respective custodians/Fund Administrators for
any assets held away from our custodian.
Directed Brokerage
TWM generally recommends their selected custodian, Fidelity, but in limited circumstances will
allow Client-directed brokerage. In those circumstances, TWM may not be able to secure best
execution.
Order Aggregation
TWM may combine orders into block trades when more than one account is participating in the
trade. This blocking or bunching technique must be equitable and potentially advantageous for
each such account (e.g., for the purposes of reducing brokerage commissions or obtaining a more
favorable execution price).
Block trading is performed when it is consistent with the duty to seek best execution and is
consistent with the terms of TWM’s investment advisory agreements. Equity and bond trades are
blocked based upon fairness to Client, both in the participation of their account, and in the
allocation of orders for the accounts of more than one Client. Allocations of all orders are
performed in a timely and efficient manner. All managed accounts participating in a block
execution receive the same execution price (average share price) for the securities purchased or
sold on a trading day.
Any portion of an order that remains unfilled at the end of a given day will be rewritten on the
following day as a new order with a new daily average price to be determined at the end of the
following day. Due to the low liquidity of certain securities, broker availability may be limited.
Open orders are worked until they are completely filled, which may span the course of several
days. If an order is filled in its entirety, securities purchased in the aggregated transaction will be
allocated among the accounts participating in the trade in accordance with the allocation statement.
If an order is partially filled, the securities will be allocated pro rata based on the allocation
statement. TWM may allocate trades in a different manner than indicated on the allocation
statement (non-pro rata) only if all managed accounts receive fair and equitable treatment.
Trade Error Policy
TWM maintains a record of any trading errors that occur in connection with investment activities
of its Clients. For Client accounts which use Fidelity for brokerage and custody services, TWM
follows Fidelity’s practice of netting gains and losses within a separate Firm Trade Error Account
maintained at Fidelity. Net losses are absorbed by TWM, and net profits are allocated to a
charitable organization selected by the Firm.
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ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Periodic Reviews
TWM regularly reviews and evaluates Client accounts for compliance with each Client’s
investment objectives, policies, and restrictions. TWM analyzes rates of return and allocation of
assets to determine model strategy effectiveness. Such reviews are conducted by the Chief
Compliance Officer of TWM and shall occur at least once per calendar year.
Intermittent Review Factors
Intermittent reviews may be triggered by substantial market fluctuation, economic or political
events, or changes in the Client’s financial status (such as retirement, termination of employment,
relocation, inheritance, etc.). Clients are advised to notify TWM promptly if there are any material
changes in their financial situation, investment objectives, or in the event they wish to place
restrictions on their account.
Reports
Clients may receive confirmations of purchases and sales in their accounts and will receive, at least
quarterly, statements containing account information such as account value, transactions, and other
relevant information. Confirmations and statements are prepared and delivered by the custodian.
ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
Client Referrals
TWM will not receive any economic benefit from another person or entity for soliciting or
referring Clients.
Other Compensation
TWM does not pay another person nor entity for referring or soliciting Clients for TWM.
ITEM 15: CUSTODY
TWM may deduct advisory fees directly from Client accounts. Clients whose fees are directly
debited will provide written authorization to debit advisory fees from their accounts held by a
qualified custodian chosen by the Client. Each month, Clients will receive a bill itemizing the fees
to be debited, including the formula used to calculate the fee, the amount of assets the fee is based
on, and the time period covered by the fee. The invoice will also state that the fee was not
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independently calculated by the custodian. The Client will also receive a statement from their
account custodian showing all transactions in their account, including the fee.
We encourage Clients to carefully review the statements and confirmations sent to them by their
custodian, and to compare the information on your quarterly report prepared by TWM against the
information in the statements provided directly from the custodian. Please alert us of any
discrepancies.
ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION
When TWM is engaged to provide asset management services on a discretionary basis, we will
monitor your accounts to ensure that they are meeting your asset allocation requirements. This
authority allows TWM and its affiliates to implement investment decisions without prior
consultation with the client, including the decision to allocate among models and/or TPMs. If any
changes are needed to your investments, we will make the changes. These changes may involve
selling a security or group of investments and buying others or keeping the proceeds in cash. You
may at any time place restrictions on the types of investments we may use on your behalf, or on
the allocations to each security type. You may receive at your request written or electronic
confirmations from your account custodian after any changes are made to your account. You will
also receive monthly statements from your account custodian. Clients engaging us on a
discretionary basis will be asked to execute a Limited Power of Attorney (granting us the
discretionary authority over the Client accounts) as well as an Investment Management Agreement
that outlines the responsibilities of both the Client and TWM.
When a Client engages TWM to provide investment management services on a non-discretionary
basis, the accounts are monitored by TWM. The difference is that changes to your account will not
be made until TWM has confirmed with you (either verbally or in writing) that the proposed
change is acceptable to you.
ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
TM does not perform proxy voting services on the Client’s behalf. Clients are encouraged to read
through the information provided with the proxy voting documents and to make a determination
based on the information provided. Upon the Client’s request, TM’s representatives may provide
limited clarifications of the issues presented in the proxy voting materials based on his or her
understanding of issues presented in the proxy voting materials. However, Clients have the
ultimate responsibility for making all proxy voting decisions.
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ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Balance Sheet Requirement
TWM is not the qualified custodian for Client funds or securities and does not require prepayment
of fees of more than $1,200 per Client, six (6) months or more in advance.
Financial Condition
TWM does not have any financial impairment that would preclude the Firm from meeting
contractual commitments to Clients.
Bankruptcy Petition
TWM has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the last 10 years.
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