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300 Barr Harbor Drive, Suite 705
West Conshohocken, PA 19428
610-260-2200
610-260-2239
www.towerbridgeadvisors.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business
practices of Tower Bridge Advisors. If you have any questions about the
contents of this brochure, please contact us at: 610-260-2200, or by email
at: jkachel@towerbridgeadvisors.com. The information in this brochure has
not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”), or by any state securities authority. Additional
information about Tower Bridge Advisors is available on the SEC’s website
at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Tower Bridge is an SEC registered investment
adviser. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
This Brochure was last updated on January 23, 2026.
Tower Bridge Advisors
Material Changes
Material Changes Since the Last Annual Update
The following material changes have been made to this brochure since the last annual
update to the brochure dated March 14, 2025:
Advisory Business
o Revisions were made to the ownership information with the change in status
of the Chairman of the Board of Directors to no longer serve as Chief
Executive Officer
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
o Assets under management and number of clients under management were
updated as of December 31, 2025
Fees and Compensation
o Clarified that Tower Bridge sends invoices to the qualified custodian for
direct billing arrangements with the qualified custodian
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
o Disclosures were added regarding the conflict of interest present with Side-
by-Side Management
Types of Clients
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
o Clarified differences in investment decision across client accounts
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
o Enhanced risk of loss disclosures to include other potential risk categories
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
Tower Bridge Advisors
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
o Revised disclosures with updates to Tower Bridge’s Code of Ethics
Brokerage Practices
o Enhanced disclosures regarding Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements
o Clarified that certain disclosures will be provided with the distribution of the
brochure on a periodic basis
o Clarified the Best Execution Committee’s review of brokerage practices
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
Review of Accounts
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
o Enhanced disclosures regarding Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements
Custody
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
Investment Discretion
o Disclosures were added regarding Tower Bridge’s management of two
private funds
Financial Information
o Clarified there are no disclosures required to be included for this section
Other Information
o Tower Bridge’s Privacy Notice was added
This section includes a discussion of material changes only. Other non-material changes
have been made that are not included in this summary.
Tower Bridge Advisors
Table of Contents
Material Changes........................................................................................................... 1
Material Changes Since the Last Annual Update ...................................................... 1
Advisory Business ........................................................................................................ 1
Firm Description ......................................................................................................... 1
Types of Advisory Services ........................................................................................ 1
Assets Under Management ....................................................................................... 2
Fees and Compensation ............................................................................................... 2
Advisory Fees ............................................................................................................ 2
Other Fees and Expenses ......................................................................................... 4
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ........................................ 5
Performance-Based Fees .......................................................................................... 5
Side-by-Side Management ........................................................................................ 5
Types of Clients............................................................................................................. 6
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................. 6
Methods of Analysis ................................................................................................... 6
Investment Strategies ................................................................................................ 7
Risk of Loss ............................................................................................................... 7
Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................. 11
No Required Disclosures ......................................................................................... 11
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ................................................. 11
Related Entities ........................................................................................................ 11
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading ......................................................................................................................... 12
Code of Ethics.......................................................................................................... 12
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions ......................................................... 12
Personal Trading...................................................................................................... 12
Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................... 13
Selecting Brokerage Firms and Client Directed Brokerage ...................................... 13
Soft Dollars .............................................................................................................. 14
Trade Order and Aggregation .................................................................................. 15
Tower Bridge Advisors
Review of Accounts .................................................................................................... 16
Periodic Reviews ..................................................................................................... 16
Reports .................................................................................................................... 16
Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................ 16
Custody ........................................................................................................................ 16
Investment Discretion ................................................................................................. 17
Managed Accounts .................................................................................................. 17
Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................. 17
Financial Information .................................................................................................. 18
Prepayment of Fees ................................................................................................. 18
Potential Financial Impairment ................................................................................. 18
Bankruptcy ............................................................................................................... 18
Other Information ........................................................................................................ 18
Business Continuity Plan ......................................................................................... 18
Information Security Program .................................................................................. 18
Privacy Notice .......................................................................................................... 19
Tower Bridge Advisors
Advisory Business
Firm Description
Founded in 2001, Tower Bridge Advisors (“Tower Bridge”) provides personalized
confidential investment management services and advice to individuals, pension and
profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations and small businesses
(“Separately Managed Accounts”) and acts as an investment manager of two private
funds (“Funds” and collectively with Separately Managed Accounts “Managed
Accounts”).
With the exception of two minority shareholders, Tower Bridge is employee-owned.
James Meyer, Tower Bridge’s Chairman of the Board of Directors, is a material
shareholder.
Types of Advisory Services
Discretionary Asset Management
Separately Managed Accounts
Tower Bridge’s principal business is providing discretionary investment advisory services,
also known as asset management services. We base these services on a careful analysis
of a client’s total financial position, including the client’s documented financial resources
and investment goals and objectives. While a discretionary account arrangement
generally authorizes Tower Bridge to buy and sell securities for Separately Managed
Accounts without obtaining specific client consent, clients have the ability to impose
reasonable restrictions, such as restrictions on the purchase of certain securities and/or
types of securities for their accounts.
We invest client assets primarily in equities (stocks) and fixed-income securities, such as
corporate debt securities, municipal securities and U.S. government securities. Potential
investments also include: warrants, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, investment
company securities (variable annuities, and no-load, low-load mutual funds or exchange-
traded funds), options contracts, futures contracts, and interests in partnerships.
Tower Bridge also provides its discretionary management services through one or more
programs sponsored by a broker-dealer (“Wrap Fee Programs”). Under these Wrap Fee
Programs, the client is introduced to Tower Bridge by a broker-dealer (“Wrap Fee
Program Sponsor”), who also acts as custodian of the funds and securities of the
participating account; effects all purchases and sales of securities for that account;
monitors Tower Bridge’s performance; and provides periodic reports to the client. The
Wrap Fee Program Sponsor charges the client a comprehensive fee (“Wrap Fee”) for all
of the portfolio management, brokerage execution, custodial and administrative services
rendered to the account and pays a portion of the Wrap Fee to Tower Bridge for the
investment advice Tower Bridge renders.
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Private Fund Management
Tower Bridge also manages two Funds. Each Fund is managed in accordance with its
own investment and trading objectives, as described in its offering and governing
agreements (“Fund Governing Documents”). Tower Bridge recommends that certain
qualified Separately Managed Account clients invest in the Funds.
Non-Discretionary Asset Management
Tower Bridge also offers non-discretionary investment management services. Under
such an arrangement, Tower Bridge regularly monitors a client’s account and makes
buy/sell recommendations based on the client’s resources and objectives. However,
before executing each trade for a non-discretionary account, Tower Bridge must first
obtain the client’s permission.
Other Advisory Services
In addition to the foregoing investment supervisory services, Tower Bridge also, from time
to time, furnishes existing clients with generalized investment advice through individual
consultations and/or prepares special reports or analyses relating to securities or other
business matters.
We also provide a limited financial planning service as an ancillary offering to our clients.
This service utilizes financial planning software to create projections of cash flows based
on the client’s specified criteria. Tower Bridge does not charge a separate fee for this
service, and does not provide tax-planning advice.
Finally, several times a year, Tower Bridge prepares and distributes an investment letter
to clients and certain prospective clients and other parties. Tower Bridge does not charge
a separate fee for this product.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2025, Tower Bridge managed approximately $1.494 billion in assets
for approximately 390 clients. Of this total amount, approximately $1.460 billion was
managed on a discretionary basis, and $34.0 million was managed on a non-discretionary
basis.
Fees and Compensation
Advisory Fees
Asset Management Services for Separately Managed Accounts (other than Wrap Fee
Program accounts)
The annual asset management fee is based on a percentage of the investable assets
according to the following standard fee schedule:
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1.0% on the first $1,000,000;
.85% on the next $2,000,000;
.75% on the next $2,000,000
.65% on the next $5,000,000; and
.45% on the assets above $10,000,000
The minimum annual fee is $5,000 and is negotiable. Fees higher or lower than those
listed above are charged where the circumstances so warrant.
In its sole discretion, Tower Bridge agrees to aggregate related accounts for the purpose
of calculating investment management fees. In such cases, the fee will be calculated on
the aggregated portfolios’ values and pro-rated to the individual portfolios, if appropriate
under the fee agreement with the client.
Investment management fees are billed quarterly, in advance, based on the market value
of the prior quarter end. Payment in full is expected upon invoice presentation. In order
to facilitate the billing process, clients typically authorize Tower Bridge to directly deduct
advisory fees from the Managed Accounts. In such cases, the custodian deducts the fee
from the account and remits the fees to Tower Bridge. In the alternative, clients can
choose to pay fee invoices themselves.
Either the client or the investment manager is able to terminate an advisory agreement,
at any time, by written notice to the other party. At termination, fees for the uncompleted
part of a quarter will be refunded to the client. No refunds are made in the case of a
partial withdrawal of the account.
Asset Management Services Through Wrap Fee Program Accounts
As noted above, when Tower Bridge manages accounts through a Wrap Fee Program,
the Wrap Fee Program Sponsor charges a Wrap Fee for all of the portfolio management,
brokerage execution, custodial and administrative services provided to the Managed
Account. In such cases, Tower Bridge receives its management fee from the Wrap Fee
Program Sponsor and does not charge a separate advisory fee to the client.
Asset Management Services to Private Funds
Tower Bridge receives both asset-based management fees and performance-based
compensation from the Funds, as described in the Fund Governing Documents and
further explained below. Management fees are generally charged on a quarterly or
annual basis, in advance, and performance-based fees or allocations from the Funds are
received on an annual basis and upon the distribution of capital (such as a withdrawal by
a Fund investor). In the event of a contract termination, prepaid advisory fees by the
Fund for the remaining part of the billing period will be refunded.
These fees, and the expenses described below, are generally reduced or waived in
certain circumstances, including, without limitation, with respect to investments in the
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Funds by Tower Bridge’s employees and other individuals associated with Tower Bridge
who provide investment advice and are subject to Tower Bridge’s supervision and control
(“Supervised Persons”) and certain of their family members (collectively referred to here
as “Related Persons”).
Other Advisory Services
Tower Bridge does not charge for its non-management investment advice or
consultations with existing clients, described above under Advisory Business: Other
Advisory Services.
Other Fees and Expenses
Separately Managed Accounts
In addition to the advisory fees Tower Bridge charges, clients incur other types of fees
and expenses related to the investment of their assets. These third-party fees and
expenses include custodian fees, brokerage commissions and other transaction-related
charges. As noted above, some or all of these fees will be bundled into a Wrap Fee if a
client chooses to participate in a Wrap Fee Program.
Furthermore, mutual fund companies charge each fund shareholder an investment
management fee that is disclosed in the fund prospectus. Clients whose accounts include
mutual funds will incur such management fees (referenced as “expense ratios”) in
addition to the advisory fees Tower Bridge charges. While Tower Bridge endeavors to
help clients optimize their investment returns, it does not guarantee that clients will be
invested in the lowest mutual fund expense share class at all times. New share classes
are introduced from time to time, and in some cases, investment in lower-cost classes is
restricted by the fund or the custodian. Please refer to the “Brokerage Practices”
discussion below for more information on third-party fees.
Private Funds
In addition to management and performance-based fees, the Funds generally bear all
costs and expenses associated with their operation as explained in more detail in the
Fund Governing Documents. These costs and expenses include, but are not limited to
brokerage and other transaction-related fees, custody fees, administrative fees, research
fees, legal fees, other professional service provider fees, information technology costs,
insurance costs, and organizational fees and expenses. A complete description of these
additional fees and expenses is included in the Fund Governing Documents. Please refer
to the “Brokerage Practices” discussion below for more information on third-party fees.
To the extent Tower Bridge incurs reimbursable expenses for the benefit of one or both
Funds, Tower Bridge will allocate the total of such expenses in what it deems to be an
equitable manner taking into account the Fund Governing Documents and applicable
facts and circumstances, including the nature of the product or service and the benefits
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derived from and the extent of use of the product or service. Nonetheless, the portion of
an expense allocated to a Fund for a particular product or service might not reflect the
relative benefit derived by such Fund from that product or service in any particular
instance. Expense allocations often depend on inherently subjective determinations, but
are always made in good faith.
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Performance-Based Fees
Separately Managed Accounts
We do not generally charge performance-based fees to Separately Managed Account
clients.
Private Funds
As discussed above, the Funds pay performance-based fees in addition to asset-based
management fees. The performance-based compensation is based on a percentage of
the capital appreciation of Fund assets and is subject to a high-water mark and a hurdle.
Fund investors are provided with detailed disclosure in the applicable Fund Governing
Documents as to how the relevant performance-based compensation is calculated and
charged.
The receipt of fees based on the Funds’ profitability presents a conflict of interest,
because we have an incentive to cause the Funds to make investments that are riskier
or more speculative than would be the case otherwise. We mitigate this conflict through
faithful adherence to our fiduciary duty to act in the Funds’ best interests. We periodically
assess the appropriateness of the risks inherent in our investment decisions.
Side-by-Side Management
The simultaneous management of accounts paying performance-based compensation
and accounts paying only asset-based fees (“Side-by-Side Management”) presents a
conflict of interest when Tower Bridge is called upon to allocate investment opportunities
of limited availability or more favorable trade execution among client accounts, because
we could have an incentive to favor accounts from which we are entitled to receive
performance-based compensation over other accounts. We mitigate this conflict through
our limitation of assessing performance-based fees for Funds only and our faithful
adherence to our fiduciary duty to act in all of our clients’ best interests. We periodically
assess the appropriateness of the risks inherent in our investment decisions and we
endeavor to allocate opportunities among clients in a fair and equitable manner under the
circumstances existing at such time.
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Types of Clients
As noted above, Tower Bridge generally provides investment advice to individuals,
pension or profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations and small
businesses, as well as private investment funds. The minimum account size is generally
$500,000 of assets under management, which generally equates to an annual fee of
$5,000. Depending upon circumstances, Tower Bridge waives the account minimum.
For example, accounts of less than $500,000 are accepted when we anticipate that the
client will add additional funds to the accounts bringing the total to $500,000 within a
reasonable time. Other exceptions apply to Related Persons and related persons of
existing clients.
Retirement Accounts
When Tower Bridge provides investment advice regarding a client’s retirement plan
account or individual retirement account, in addition to being a fiduciary to its clients under
the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”), Tower Bridge is a “fiduciary” as that
term is defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”)
and the Internal Revenue Code. Because Tower Bridge will earn fees on the assets it
manages, a recommendation about a retirement account presents a conflict between the
Tower Bridge’s and the client’s interests. Tower Bridge is legally bound to act in its clients’
best interests and not put its own interest ahead of its clients’ interests. Tower Bridge
has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to satisfy this legal duty.
Private Funds
Investors in the Funds generally must qualify as “accredited investors” (as defined in Rule
501 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) and “qualified clients” (as defined in
Advisers Act Rule 205-3), and are subject to other suitability requirements to the extent
provided in the applicable Fund Governing Documents. The minimum initial investment
in the Funds is generally $500,000, subject to the Funds’ discretion to accept lesser
amounts.
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
The security analysis methods Tower Bridge uses include fundamental analysis and
cyclical analysis. The main sources of information include financial newspapers and
magazines, inspections of corporate activities, research materials prepared by others,
corporate rating services, annual reports, prospectuses, filings with the SEC, corporate
meetings, and company press releases.
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Investment Strategies
Separately Managed Accounts
The primary investment strategy used on client accounts is strategic asset allocation
utilizing equity and fixed-income securities. The ratio between the two asset categories
will vary based on client needs, client preferences and market conditions. Clients are
able to change their investment objectives and instructions at any time, so long as we are
notified in writing. Our core equity holdings will be a diversified portfolio of individual
securities chosen based on a philosophy of growth at a reasonable price, possibly
supplemented, as appropriate, with passively-managed index and exchange traded funds
(“ETFs”) that support complementary disciplines. For the fixed-income portion of
portfolios, we buy investment-grade bonds in laddered maturities. Other available
strategies include long-term purchases, short-term purchases, short sales, and option
writing (including covered options, uncovered options or spreading strategies).
Although we are committed to treating each client fairly, we have no obligation to
purchase or sell a security for one client solely because we purchase or sell the same
security for another client if, in our reasonable opinion, such security does not appear to
be suitable, practicable or desirable for such client.
Private Funds
The primary investment strategy used for the Funds is to allocate a significant portion of
capital to a select few opportunities which we determine are likely to generate index-
beating performance. One of the Funds specifically focuses on technology and
technology-related sectors. The investment process for each Fund is based on a
fundamental research approach that emphasizes macroeconomic, industry and company
analysis. The Funds also execute short sales and/or utilize options strategies for
opportunities with favorable risk/reward profiles.
Risk of Loss
All investment programs have certain risks that the investor must be prepared to bear.
Although our investment approach constantly keeps the risk of loss in mind, we cannot
guarantee that our asset management services or other investment advice will produce
any particular investment return or that there will be any return of invested capital. In
addition, investment results could vary substantially over time.
Depending on the types of securities invested in, clients face a wide range of risks,
including, but not limited to the following:
Business Disruption Risks
Business disruptions resulting from catastrophic and other material events (such as a
pandemic) could negatively impact our ability to continue to transact business. Any
significant limitation on the use of our facilities or our software applications, operating
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systems and networks could result in financial losses. Similar types of business
disruption risks are also present for issuers of securities in which we invest, which could
result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and can cause your investments
to lose value.
Business Risk
These risks are associated with a particular industry or a particular company within an
industry. For example, oil-drilling companies depend on finding oil and then refining it, a
lengthy process, before they can generate a profit. They carry a higher risk of profitability
than an electric company, which generates its income from a steady stream of customers
who buy electricity no matter what the economic environment is like. Companies in the
information technology sector are subject to the risk that consumers and businesses will
not accept new services, equipment or technologies or products and services will become
rapidly obsolete due to an accelerated rate of technological change. Profitability is also
affected by companies’ ability to obtain and protect patents and exposure to significant
competitive pressures, In addition, many information technology sector companies have
limited operating histories and prices of these companies’ securities historically have
been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
Concentration Risk
Where permitted by law and the client agreement, certain clients, such as the Funds, hold
a relatively large concentration in a limited number of issuers, securities, industry sectors
and/or geographic regions. Losses incurred in connection with such portfolios could have
a material adverse effect on a client’s overall financial condition, because the value of
such portfolios will be more susceptible to any single occurrence affecting one or more of
those issuers, securities, industry sectors or geographic regions than would be the case
with a more diversified investment portfolio.
Currency Risk
Overseas investments are subject to fluctuations in the value of the dollar against the
currency of the investment’s originating country. This is also referred to as exchange rate
risk.
Cybersecurity Risks
Any significant limitation on the use of our facilities or the failure or security breach of our
software applications or operating systems and networks, including the potential risk of
cyber-attacks, could result in the disclosure of confidential client information and financial
losses. This includes failures at vendors, custodians, broker-dealers and other service
providers.
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Equity Security Risks
Equity markets are volatile and impacted by liquidity and investor sentiment. Many issues
impact investor sentiment and thus investors’ willingness to participate or purchase equity
securities or thus provide liquidity to the market. Investor sentiment is impacted by
economic conditions, sovereign monetary policy, political climate, world events, tax rates
and other social factors. Sentiment can change rapidly causing major stock price declines
in short order. It is difficult, if not impossible, to forecast these changes in sentiment and
the resulting price declines. Thus, investing in stocks is a risky proposition that could
result in significant losses that are not related to an individual company’s fundamentals.
However, individual companies also have the potential to report poor results or be
negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of
securities issued by such companies can suffer a decline in response. These factors
contribute to price volatility, which is the principal risk of investing in equity securities.
Fixed Income Security Risks
Fixed income investments have the same liquidity and volatility risks of all financial
assets. In addition, they have several other asset-class specific risks. Inflation risk
reduces the real value of such investments as purchasing power declines on nominal
dollars that are received as principal and interest. Interest rate risk comes from a rise in
interest rates that causes a fixed income security to decline in price in order to make the
market price-based yield competitive with the prevailing interest rate climate. Fixed
income securities are also at risk of issuer default or the markets’ perception that default
risk has increased. In default, either some or all the securities’ interest and principal
payments will be omitted or delayed. The increase of this possibility can, in itself, cause
the market price for a fixed income security to fall. The credit rating or financial condition
of an issuer can affect the value of a fixed income or debt security. Generally, the lower
the quality rating of a security, the greater the risk that the issuer will fail to pay interest
fully and return principal in a timely manner. The issuer of an investment grade security
is more likely to pay interest and repay principal than an issuer of a lower rated bond.
Adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances, however, can weaken the
capacity of the issuer to pay interest and repay principal. High yield or “junk” bonds are
considered to be “less than investment grade” and can be highly speculative securities
that are usually issued by less creditworthy and/or highly leveraged (indebted)
companies. Compared with investment grade bonds, high yield bonds can carry a greater
degree of risk and can be less likely to make payments of interest and principal.
Individual Security Risks
Each equity security has the risks mentioned above and has company or industry related
fundamental risks. As above, sentiment and liquidity can create price declines or
negatively impact valuation metrics. In addition, companies are faced with other
fundamental risks like changes in industry, competition, lower demand for products,
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technological obsolescence, competitor innovation, patents, regulatory changes, political
risks, cost inflation, labor relations, environmental issues, product liability and numerous
other fundamental factors. Negative fundamental factors can reduce a company’s equity
value. In addition, some companies also face financial risks as they are dependent on
raising capital in the financial markets to fund their operations. Financial markets
sometimes refuse to provide this funding.
Inflation Risk
When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as much as a dollar next
year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of inflation. Rising inflation also
leads to general market uncertainty. There is no guarantee that we will be able to
successfully mitigate inflation risk or that interest rates will match changes in inflation
rates.
Interest-rate Risk
Fluctuations in interest rates can cause investment prices to fluctuate. For example,
when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less attractive, causing their
market values to decline.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. Generally, assets are
more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized product. For example,
Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties are not. Despite the heavy
volume of trading in securities and futures, the markets for some securities and futures
have limited liquidity and depth. This lack of depth could disadvantage an investor, both
in the realization of the prices which are quoted and in the execution of orders at desired
prices.
Market Event Risk
The price of an equity security, bond, mutual fund or ETF can drop in reaction to tangible
and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by external factors
independent of a security’s particular underlying circumstances, including economic
uncertainty, epidemics, pandemics, security concerns, political or social instability,
terrorism, and natural disasters which have led, and in the future can lead, to increased
market and liquidity volatility and exchange trading suspensions and closures. These
events will likely have adverse effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets
generally, each of which will likely negatively impact investments and performance.
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Option Security Risks
Options involve risks and are not suitable for everyone. Options trading can be
speculative in nature and can carry substantial risk of loss.
Political and Regulatory Risk
The securities markets can be adversely affected by international and domestic political
developments and instability, changes in government policies, tariffs, taxes, restrictions
on foreign investment, currency fluctuations and changes in laws and regulations
affecting portfolio companies. During periods of uncertainty, market participants could
react quickly to unconfirmed reports of information leading to increased market volatility.
Short Sale Risk
A short sale involves the sale of a security that a client does not own in the expectation
of purchasing the same security (or a security exchangeable therefor) at a later date at a
lower price. To make delivery to the buyer, the client must borrow the security and the
client is obligated to return the security to the lender, which is accomplished by a later
purchase of the security by the client. A short sale involves the risk of a theoretically
unlimited increase in the market price of the security that would result in a theoretically
unlimited loss to the client.
Disciplinary Information
No Required Disclosures
There are no legal or disciplinary events that would be material to a client’s or prospective
client’s evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management.
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Related Entities
The Principals of the General Partners of the Funds are also senior officers, directors and
shareholders of Tower Bridge. Thus, the General Partners and Tower Bridge are under
common control and are Related Persons. The relationship between Tower Bridge and
the General Partners is material to our advisory business and creates conflicts of interest
that could adversely affect our clients. In addition to the conflicts arising from our receipt
of performance-based fee compensation and the Side-by-Side Management of accounts
that pay asset-based fees and accounts that also pay performance-based fees that are
described above, we have an incentive to recommend that eligible Separately Managed
Account clients invest in one or both Funds because we can earn higher fees. Another
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conflict arises from the fact that Tower Bridge and the General Partners share Supervised
Person whose time and attention must be divided among the related businesses.
Tower Bridge has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage
these conflicts; to ensure that investment opportunities are fairly allocated to all Tower
Bridge clients; to ensure that recommendations to invest in the Fund will be made only
where such investment is in the clients’ best interests; and to ensure that shared
Supervised Persons’ time and attention is allocated fairly.
Furthermore, although the General Partners are not, themselves, registered as
investment advisers under the Advisers Act, all of their investment advisory activities are
subject to Tower Bridge’s supervision and control in accordance with Tower Bridge’s code
of ethics and compliance policies and procedures.
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading
Code of Ethics
Tower Bridge has adopted a Code of Ethics that describes certain standards of conduct
and reporting requirements that Supervised Persons must follow. With regard to
standards of conduct, the Code affirms Tower Bridge’s fiduciary relationship with our
clients and obligates all Supervised Persons to carry out their duties solely in the clients’
best interests, and free from all compromising influences and loyalties. In addition,
Supervised Persons are expected to comply with the spirit and letter of all applicable laws,
regulations and Tower Bridge compliance procedures and to be sensitive to and act
appropriately in situations that can give rise to actual as well as perceived conflicts of
interest or violations of the Code of Ethics. Tower Bridge will provide a copy of its Code
of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon request.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Tower Bridge and Supervised Persons recommend to clients, or buy and sell for client
accounts, securities in which Related Persons have material financial interests. For
example,` as noted above, under certain circumstances Tower Bridge recommends that
its Separately Managed Account clients invest in the Funds whose General Partners are
Related Persons. Related Persons also invest in the Funds, giving us an even greater
economic interest in the Funds’ success. This presents conflicts of interest related to the
performance-based compensation Tower Bridge is potentially eligible to receive from the
Funds. Tower Bridge endeavors to manage such conflicts as described above.
Personal Trading
Tower Bridge and Related Persons invest in securities that are bought and sold for, or
are recommended to, clients, and do so at or around the same time that trades are placed
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for or recommendations are made to clients. This presents a conflict between the
interests of Tower Bridge and its Related Persons on the one hand, and the interests of
clients on the other.
Tower Bridge takes a number of steps to address these potential and actual conflicts. For
example, the Code of Ethics requires that all trades effected for and all recommendations
made to clients must be independent of the proprietary or personal investments of Tower
Bridge and its Supervised Persons. Supervised Persons must receive permission from
Tower Bridge’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), or the CCO’s designee, before
investing in IPOs, private placements or other limited offerings and before engaging in
day trading. Supervised Persons also are obliged to report their personal trading activity
to the CCO on a quarterly basis. The CCO, or the CCO’s designee, reviews personal
trades to ensure that personal trades do not conflict with client interests and an individual
other than the CCO reviews the CCO’s personal trading.
Brokerage Practices
Selecting Brokerage Firms and Client Directed Brokerage
Tower Bridge has discretion to select the broker-dealers that execute trades for the Funds
and for a relatively small number Separately Managed Accounts. In making such
selections, Tower Bridge endeavors to achieve “best execution,” which is typically defined
as executing trades at the most favorable net price in light of all relevant circumstances.
Among the best execution factors we consider when we select broker-dealers are:
commission rates; the quality, accuracy and efficiency of trade executions; the size and
complexity of a particular transaction; the creditworthiness of the broker-dealer; the level
of service the broker-dealer provides; and research services supplied to Tower Bridge.
The vast majority of Separately Managed Account clients direct Tower Bridge to place
trades for their accounts with particular broker-dealers (“Client Directed Brokerage
Arrangements”). Clients are not required to enter Client Directed Brokerage
Arrangements and can instead allow Tower Bridge to allocate the client’s brokerage to
broker-dealers selected by Tower Bridge. In many cases, the client has an established
relationship with the broker-dealer and wishes to continue that relationship by having that
broker-dealer execute the portfolio trades, while Tower Bridge makes the investment
decisions. Clients do this for a variety of reasons, including the receipt of free or reduced-
cost custody or other personalized services from the broker-dealers they select.
For certain of these Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements, Tower Bridge was
recommended to the client by the client’s broker-dealer. Clients with Client Directed
Brokerage Arrangements are provided these disclosures regarding the limitations with
Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements and specifically with respect to Tower Bridge’s
ability to seek best execution on the client’s behalf in this Brochure and in their investment
management agreement or other disclosure documentation.
In other cases, the client seeks free or reduced-cost custody or other services but does
not already know which broker-dealer it wants to select. If the client wishes, Tower Bridge
will assist the client in choosing a broker-dealer who will maintain custody of the client’s
assets and effect trades for the account. In providing this assistance, Tower Bridge will
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discuss with the client the relative costs and benefits of discount and full-service
brokerage firms, as appropriate for the client’s circumstances. Please note that while
Tower Bridge provides advice about brokerage selection, we do not require clients to
direct their brokerage to any particular firm and to establish a Client Directed Brokerage
Arrangement. If the client prefers, Tower Bridge will exercise discretionary authority to
select the broker-dealer on each portfolio trade. At any time a client can discontinue its
Client Directed Brokerage Arrangement and direct Tower Bridge to exercise discretionary
authority to select the broker-dealer on each portfolio trade.
recommend Tower Bridge
to
their broker-dealer clients.
Please also note that with Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements, Tower Bridge will
trade only with the broker-dealer the client selects and generally will not negotiate the
commission rates charged to the account. The client will be responsible for negotiating
those rates. As a result, in some cases, it is possible that a directed account will pay
higher commissions, receive less favorable net prices or pay more administrative costs
than it would if Tower Bridge were authorized to select the broker-dealer. Where fixed-
income securities are traded, certain clients with Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements
pay a commission in addition to a mark-up or mark-down on the securities. Furthermore,
accounts with Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements are not be eligible to participate
in block trades that Tower Bridge arranged for accounts that do not have Client Directed
Brokerage Arrangements and have authorized Tower Bridge to select the broker-dealer.
Please see the discussion of “Trade Order and Aggregation” below. For all of these
reasons, Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements compromise Tower Bridge’s ability to
seek best execution on the client’s behalf.
Certain broker-dealers Tower Bridge recommends or exercises discretionary authority to
select
Receiving
recommendations by broker-dealers creates a conflict between Tower Bridge’s interest
in being recommended and the interests of our clients. Tower Bridge has instituted
policies and procedures to mitigate this conflict and to ensure that the broker-dealers
selected by Tower Bridge are in the best interests of clients.
Soft Dollars
Tower Bridge receives research from broker-dealers who effect trades for Separately
Managed Accounts and the Funds. These services (“soft-dollar services”) include
economic statistics and forecasting services, industry and company analyses, portfolio
strategy services, quantitative data, market information systems and consulting services
from economists and political analysts. For certain soft dollar services, Tower Bridge
cause clients to pay higher commissions than those charged by other broker-dealers in
return for research services and uses certain of these services for the benefit of all clients,
not just those accounts whose brokerage commissions paid for the soft dollar services.
Tower Bridge does not seek to allocate soft-dollar services benefits to accounts in
proportion to the commissions the accounts generate. While our receipt of research in
connection with client securities transactions benefits clients by enabling us to make more
informed investment decisions, such arrangements also benefits Tower Bridge because
we do not have to produce or pay for the research we receive in this way. For this reason,
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Tower Bridge has an incentive to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on our
interests instead of those of our clients.
In order to protect our clients’ interests, Tower Bridge has adopted policies and
procedures designed to ensure that our soft-dollar services qualify for the safe harbor
established under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In this regard,
we take steps to confirm that client commissions are used only for services that provide
lawful and appropriate assistance to us in carrying out our investment decision-making
responsibilities. Where one service is useful both in making investment decisions for
Managed Accounts and in performing administrative or other non-brokerage or research
functions, we reasonably allocate the cost of the service, so that the portion or specific
component that assists in the investment decision making process is obtained for portfolio
commissions from Managed Accounts and the portion or specific components that
provides non-brokerage or research assistance is paid for from Tower Bridge’s own
funds. Furthermore, we periodically review the soft-dollar services we receive to confirm
their continued usefulness in making or implementing investment decisions for our clients.
Trade Order and Aggregation
Tower Bridge engages in aggregate or block trading where we have the opportunity to do
so on behalf of clients who have authorized us to select the broker-dealer, including the
Funds. Because most clients enter Client Directed Brokerage Arrangements, Tower
Bridge is limited its ability to aggregate the purchase or sale of securities for such
accounts. Partial fills of block orders are generally allocated randomly to accounts, in
order to minimize the impact of commissions and to ensure fairness. However, Tower
Bridge will alter its allocation practices, as needed, to keep client accounts balanced or if
the circumstances otherwise so warrant. Tower Bridge’s Best Execution Committee
periodically reviews allocations to ensure fairness over time.
Where the same security is being bought or sold for multiple client accounts at or around
the same time, Tower Bridge executes orders and transmits order instructions randomly,
as the securities traded for Managed Accounts are generally widely traded and not
subject to price sensitivity. Accordingly, there is no need for Tower Bridge to develop a
trade allocation rotation methodology in executing and transmitting orders. Tower
Bridge’s Best Execution Committee periodically reviews its trade allocation practices to
ensure fairness to clients.
routes orders in the following way: first, we effect trades for clients who have authorized
us to select the broker-dealer, then we place trades for clients with Client Directed
Brokerage Arrangements and finally, we effect trades for accounts that participate in a
Wrap Fee Program . We do this on a random basis, to ensure that all clients are treated
fairly. If possible and appropriate, we aggregate the orders of clients using the same
broker-dealer. Tower Bridge’s Best Execution Committee periodically reviews its routing
processes to ensure fairness over time.
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Review of Accounts
Periodic Reviews
Tower Bridge reviews client accounts in various ways. The trade log is reviewed daily to
ensure the accuracy of trading in each account. Accounts are generally reconciled on a
daily basis. Each Managed Account is reviewed by a portfolio manager at least annually,
to ensure that the account is being managed in accordance with the information and
direction the client has provided to us or the Fund Governing Documents. Account
reviews are performed more frequently when market conditions dictate; when there are
changes in tax laws; or when there are changes in a client’s financial situation or
investment objectives. Clients are reminded on a periodic basis to advise Tower Bridge
of changes in their financial situation or investment objectives.
Reports
In addition to the custodian reports described in the “Custody” section below, Separately
Managed Account clients also receive written quarterly reports from Tower Bridge. These
reports include details of trades, account balances, performance, dividends, interest, fees
and contributions and withdrawals. Additional reports to Fund investors are described in
the Fund Governing Documents.
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
In a limited capacity, Tower Bridge compensates certain individuals or entities for client
referrals. These arrangements are treated as compensated endorsements under the
Advisers Act’s Marketing Rule. Tower Bridge does not direct discretionary transactions
to broker-dealers for the purpose of compensating broker-dealers for recommending
Tower Bridge to the broker-dealers’ clients. See Brokerage Practices above for further
information about brokerage practices. Tower Bridge does not accept referral fees or any
form of remuneration from other professionals when Tower Bridge refers a prospect or
client to such parties.
Custody
Client funds and securities are held by qualified custodians, such as banks or broker-
dealers to the extent required by Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act (the “Custody
Rule”). These custodians provide account statements directly to our Separately Managed
Account clients, at least quarterly. Clients are urged to compare the account statements
they receive from their custodians with the performance report statements provided by
Tower Bridge, and notify us promptly of any inconsistencies. Clients should also notify
us if they do not receive statements from their custodian.
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Although Tower Bridge does not have physical custody of any managed assets, we are
deemed to have “constructive” custody under the Custody Rule of Fund assets because
we are related to the Funds’ General Partners. Investors in the Funds receive audited
financial statements annually, as the Custody Rule requires.
Investment Discretion
Managed Accounts
As described in the discussion of “Advisory Services” above, Tower Bridge typically
exercises investment discretion over client accounts. Tower Bridge’s authority in this
regard derives from the advisory contract, in which the client gives Tower Bridge a limited
power of attorney to act on the client’s behalf. As noted above, even where such authority
has been granted, clients are able to impose reasonable restrictions on the securities or
types of securities purchased for their accounts. Fund investors generally cannot place
any limits on our authority beyond the limitations set forth in the Fund Governing
Documents.
Voting Client Securities
Unless a client directs otherwise, Tower Bridge exercises proxy voting authority for
securities over which it maintains discretionary authority. Tower Bridge has engaged
Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (“ISS”), a third-party proxy advisory firm, to
provide proxy vote recommendations and to assist with the mechanics of voting. In this
regard, Tower Bridge has issued standing instructions that client votes be cast in a
manner consistent with recommendations based on ISS’ Benchmark Policy, which is
designed to promote long-term shareholder value, good governance and risk mitigation.
Tower Bridge reserves the right to vote in a different manner, or not to vote on a particular
ballot issue at all, where Tower Bridge determines that doing so is in clients’ best interest.
A copy of the ISS Benchmark Policy is available here. Clients can request that proxies
relating to their portfolio securities be voted in a specific manner, provided that such
requests are made in writing to us at least 60 days prior to the voting deadline. Clients
can obtain information from us about how proxies were votes and can obtain a copy of
Tower Bridge’s proxy voting policies and procedures upon request by contacting us at:
610-260-2200, or by email at: jkachel@towerbridgeadvisors.com.
Although unlikely, it is theoretically possible that our proxy voting authority could entail a
conflict of interest for Tower Bridge. Such a conflict could arise, for example, where Tower
Bridge or one of its portfolio managers has a business or personal relationship with the
proponent of a proxy proposal or a candidate for corporate directorship. Tower Bridge’s
engagement of ISS mitigates such conflicts. We have considered ISS’ policies regarding,
and disclosure of, its own potential conflicts of interest in the selection and use of this
service. In the event that a proxy vote raises a potential or actual conflict of interest that
cannot be mitigated by our existing voting procedures, we will disclose the potential or
actual conflict to clients and obtain their consent to our proposed vote.
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Tower Bridge Advisors
Financial Information
Prepayment of Fees
Tower Bridge does not require or solicit prepayment of fees per client, six months or more
in advance and accordingly is not required to disclose financial information.
Potential Financial Impairment
There is currently no financial condition which is reasonably likely to impair Tower
Bridge’s ability to meet its contractual commitments or to provide advisory services to its
clients.
Bankruptcy
Tower Bridge has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
Other Information
Business Continuity Plan
Tower Bridge maintains electronic and hardcopy information which is essential to
performing services for our clients. Tower Bridge also maintains a Business Continuity
Plan that provides steps in the event that our office is not accessible. Electronic files are
backed up daily and archived offsite.
Information Security Program
The operations of Tower Bridge and its key service providers are subject to a host of
electronic information security threats, including: unauthorized access to systems,
networks, or devices; infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code;
and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business
processes, or website access or functionality. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized
access to data, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and
can be difficult to detect for long periods of time. Our systems or facilities are susceptible
to Supervised Person error or malfeasance, government surveillance, and other security
threats. Cybersecurity breaches can cause information relating to client transactions and
personally identifiable information of Separately Managed Account clients or Fund
investors to be lost or improperly accessed, used or disclosed, and otherwise cause
disruptions and impact business operations in a way that harms our clients.
Tower Bridge maintains an information security program to mitigate the foregoing risks.
Among other things, we employ firewalls, electronic access restrictions, virus-scanning
software and other methods to help ensure that client information is protected.
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Tower Bridge Advisors
Privacy Notice
FACTS
WHAT DOES TOWER BRIDGE ADVISORS, INC.
DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
Why?
Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law
gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires
us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please
read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
What?
The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or
service you have with us. This information can include:
Social Security number and income
assets and transaction history
investment experience and risk tolerance
When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as
described in this notice.
How?
All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their
everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies
can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons Tower Bridge Advisors,
Inc. chooses to share and whether you can limit this sharing.
Reasons we can share your personal information
Does Tower
Bridge share?
Can you limit
this sharing?
Yes
No
For our everyday business purposes – such as to process
your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court
orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus
Yes
No
For our marketing purposes – to offer our products and
services to you
For joint marketing with other financial companies
No
We don’t share
No
We don’t share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes –
information about your transactions and experiences
No
We don’t share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes –
information about your creditworthiness
For nonaffiliates to market to you
No
We don’t share
Questions? Please call (866) 959-2200 for additional information.
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Page 2
What we do
How does Tower Bridge
protect my personal
information?
To protect your personal information from unauthorized access
and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law.
These measures include computer safeguards and secured files
and buildings.
How does Tower Bridge collect
my personal information?
We collect your personal information, for example, when you
open an account or give us contact information
enter into an investment adviser contract or give us your
income information
tell us about your investment or retirement portfolio
We also collect your personal information from other companies.
Why can’t I limit all sharing?
Federal law gives you the right to limit only
sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes—
information about your creditworthiness
affiliates from using your information to market to you
sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you
State laws and individual companies may give you additional
rights to limit sharing
Definitions
Affiliates
Companies related by common ownership or control. They can
be financial and nonfinancial companies.
Tower Bridge Advisors, Inc. is affiliated with the General
Partners of two private funds under its management.
Nonaffiliates
Companies not related by common ownership or control. They
can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
Tower Bridge Advisors, Inc. does not share with nonaffiliates
so they can market to you.
Joint marketing
A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies
that together market financial products or services to you.
Tower Bridge Advisors, Inc. doesn’t jointly market.
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