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D I S C L O S U R E B R O C H U R E
P R E P A R E D I N C O M P L I A N C E W I T H
T H E I N V E S T M E N T A D V I S E R S A C T O F 1 9 40 R U L E 2 0 4 - 3 (A)
Association Financial Services, Inc.
March 6, 2026
Office Address:
1935 Vine Street
Suite 120
Salt Lake City, UT 84121
Tel: 801-274-1820
www.truenorthwealth.com
www.tnrs,com
www.imafs.org
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This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Association
Financial Services, Inc. Being registered as a registered investment adviser does not imply a
certain level of skill or training. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure,
please contact us at 801-274-1820. The information in this brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or by any state securities
authority.
Association Financial Services, Inc.
Additional information about Association Financial Services, Inc. (CRD #142205) is available on
the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Item 2: Material Changes
Annual Update
The Material Changes section of this brochure will be updated annually or when material
Material Changes since the Last Update
changes occur since the previous release of the Firm Brochure.
Since our firm's last annual amendment was filed on March 23, 2025, we have no material
changes to disclose.
If you have any questions, please call our office and ask to speak with the Chief Compliance
Officer.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Form ADV Part 2A Firm Brochure
Item 1: Cover Page
Item 2: Material Changes .................................................................................................................... ii
Annual Update................................................................................................................................................. ii
Material Changes since the Last Update ............................................................................................... ii
Item 3: Table of Contents...................................................................................................................iii
Full Brochure Available ............................................................................................................................... ii
Item 4: Advisory Business.................................................................................................................. 1
Firm Description ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Types of Advisory Services ........................................................................................................................ 1
Client Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions............................................................. 2
Wrap Fee Programs ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ....................................................................................................... 3
Client Assets under Management ............................................................................................................ 3
Method of Compensation and Fee Schedule........................................................................................ 3
Client Payment of Fees................................................................................................................................. 4
Additional Client Fees Charged ................................................................................................................ 4
Prepayment of Client Fees.......................................................................................................................... 5
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management........................................ 5
External Compensation for the Sale of Securities to Clients ......................................................... 5
Item 7: Types of Clients....................................................................................................................... 5
Sharing of Capital Gains............................................................................................................................... 5
Description ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................ 5
Account Minimums ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Methods of Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Investment Strategy....................................................................................................................................10
Item 9: Disciplinary Information...................................................................................................14
Security Specific Material Risks .............................................................................................................10
Criminal or Civil Actions ...........................................................................................................................14
Administrative Enforcement Proceedings.........................................................................................14
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Self-Regulatory Organization Enforcement Proceedings.............................................................14
Association Financial Services, Inc.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .............................................14
Broker-Dealer or Representative Registration ................................................................................14
Futures or Commodity Registration.....................................................................................................14
Material Relationships Maintained by this Advisory Business and Conflicts of Interest 14
Recommendations or Selections of Other Investment Advisors and Conflicts of Interest14
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading ...................................................................................................................................................15
Code of Ethics Description .......................................................................................................................15
Investment Recommendations Involving a Material Financial Interest and Conflict of
Interest.............................................................................................................................................................15
Advisory Firm Purchase of Same Securities Recommended to Clients and Conflicts of
Interest.............................................................................................................................................................15
Client Securities Recommendations or Trades and Concurrent Advisory Firm Securities
Item 12: Brokerage Practices .........................................................................................................16
Transactions and Conflicts of Interest.................................................................................................15
Factors Used to Select Broker-Dealers for Client Transactions.................................................16
Item 13: Review of Accounts ...........................................................................................................17
Aggregating Securities Transactions for Client Accounts ............................................................16
Schedule for Periodic Review of Client Accounts or Financial Plans and Advisory
Persons Involved..........................................................................................................................................17
Review of Client Accounts on Non-Periodic Basis ..........................................................................17
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation................................................................18
Content of Client Provided Reports and Frequency.......................................................................17
Economic benefits Provided to the Advisory Firm from External Sources and Conflicts of
Interest.............................................................................................................................................................18
Item 15: Custody..................................................................................................................................19
Advisory Firm Payments for Client Referrals...................................................................................18
Item 16: Investment Discretion .....................................................................................................19
Account Statements ....................................................................................................................................19
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ...................................................................................................19
Discretionary Authority for Trading ....................................................................................................19
Item 18: Financial Information ......................................................................................................20
Proxy Votes ....................................................................................................................................................19
Balance Sheet.................................................................................................................................................20
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Financial Conditions Reasonably Likely to Impair Advisory Firm’s Ability to Meet
Commitments to Clients............................................................................................................................20
Bankruptcy Petitions during the Past Ten Years.............................................................................20
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Firm Description
Association Financial Services, Inc. (“Firm”) was founded in 2004 and began offering
advisory services in October 2007. Martin A. Watkins is the majority owner.
The Firm is a registered investment adviser that provides financial planning and investment
counseling services to individuals, corporations, small businesses, 401(k), pensions and
profit-sharing plans, estates, trusts, and institutional clients. The Firm does business as
TrueNorth Wealth, TrueNorth Retirement Services, and Idaho Medical Association Financial
Services. The Firm provides comprehensive financial planning to clients. This includes the
five areas of financial planning, which are Protection, Estate Planning, Income Tax Planning,
Retirement Income Planning and Investment Planning. The Firm does not have investment
discretionary authority on any accounts. In other words, we neither custody client assets nor
execute trades at the third-party custodians SEI Private Trust Company “SEI” or Schwab
without client consent.
Clients may at any time add funds or securities to their accounts, withdraw funds or
Types of Advisory Services
securities from their accounts, or close their accounts. There are no lock-up provisions.
The Firm provides investment supervisory services, also known as asset management
services and furnishes financial planning and investment advice through consultations
ASSET MANAGEMENT
The Firm offers non-discretionary direct wrap asset management services to advisory clients
custodied at SEI. In a wrap fee program, clients are charged one fee which incorporates asset
management and brokerage services. More information regarding this service can be found
in Part 2A, Appendix 1 (the “Wrap Fee Program Brochure”). The Firm also offers traditional
asset management services for clients custodied at Schwab. In a traditional asset
management services, clients are charged an asset management fee and separately pay for
brokerage services.
ERISA PLAN SERVICES
Limited Scope 3(21) Fiduciary.
The Firm provides service to qualified and non-qualified retirement plans including 401(k)
plans, 403(b) plans, pension and profit-sharing plans, cash balance plans, and deferred
compensation plans. The Firm may act as either:
1.
The Firm typically acts as a limited scope 3(21) fiduciary
that can advise, help and assist plan sponsors with their investment decisions. The
plan sponsor is still ultimately responsible for the decisions made in their plan, though
using the Firm can help mitigate that plan sponsor’s liability by following a diligent
3(38) Investment Manager
process.
2.
. The Firm can also act as an ERISA 3(38) Investment
Manager in which it has discretionary management and control of a given retirement
plan’s assets. The Firm would then become solely responsible and liable for the
selection, monitoring and replacement of the plan’s investment options.
INSTITUTIONAL CONSULTING
The Firm offers consulting advice, counsel and recommendations to institutional clients on
a case-by-case basis. These services include but are not limited to general advice, counsel,
and recommendations to staff, governing boards, and investment advisory committees on a
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variety of matters. The Firm will analyze, evaluate, and help to improve investment options,
underlying investments, asset allocation strategies, and objectives based on age groups of
its beneficiaries as well as allocation for risk reduction.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING
Services can include: determination of financial objectives, identification of financial
problems, cash flow management, tax planning, insurance review, investment management
and/or consulting, education funding, retirement planning, and estate planning.
Normally, financial planning is provided in conjunction with investment management
services, with the client’s investment management fee also covering the planning work.
The Firm does not actively seek financial planning-only engagements, but may offer them
at its sole discretion. In this case, the client will compensate the Firm on an hourly fee basis
detailed under the “Fees and Compensation” section of this brochure.
The Firm gathers information for financial planning through personal interviews, which
may take place in person or by phone, electronic mail, or other means. Related documents
supplied by the client are carefully reviewed, and the Firm may provide a financial planning
questionnaire. Often, a written financial plan report is prepared. From time to time, clients
may request ad hoc consultation on individual planning topics, and a written report may not
be necessary.
Should a client choose to implement the recommendations in the plan, the Firm suggests the
client work closely with his/her attorney, accountant, insurance agent, or other
professional(s) as may be necessary. Implementation of financial plan recommendations is
entirely at the client’s discretion, and the client is under no obligation to effect transactions
through the Firm.
EDUCATIONAL SEMINARS/WORKSHOPS
The Firm holds seminars and workshops to educate the public on different types of
investments and the different services they offer. The seminars are educational in nature and
no specific investment or tax advice is given. The Firm does not charge a fee for attendance
Client Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions
to these seminars.
The goals and objectives for each client are documented in our client files. Investment
strategies are created that reflect the stated goals and objective. Clients may impose
restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities.
Wrap Fee Programs
Agreements may not be assigned without written client consent.
Our firm offers and sponsors a wrap fee program. Asset Management services are offered
through wrapped accounts and non-wrap accounts, which are managed on an individualized
basis according to the client’s investment objectives, financial goals, risk tolerance, etc. There
is no difference between how accounts in the wrap-fee program and accounts outside of the
wrap-fee program are managed. Please see our Wrap Fee Program Brochure for more
information.
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Client Assets under Management
As of January 31, 2026, the Firm provides continuous management services to
approximately $1,265,596,116 in client assets under management. Of this amount,
approximately $1,119,480,434 in client assets are managed on a non-discretionary basis
and approximately $146,115,682 in client assets are managed on a discretionary basis.
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Method of Compensation and Fee Schedule
For most clients, the Firm’s compensation derives from investment advisory fees on assets
that are managed by the firm on behalf of the client. Clients pay the Firm a management fee
(investment advisory fee) calculated as a percentage of the market value of an account. The
Firm’s compensation does not include various fees charged to clients by the client’s custodian
which is either SEI Private Trust Company, hereafter “SEI,” or Schwab. We are a fee-only
planning and advisory firm. The firm seeks to provide complete transparency with regard to
fees and expenses. Clients receive a confirmation of each transaction clearly disclosing any
fees, and regular statements detailing all activity and charges which includes the specific
accounting for the investment advisory fee.
F e e S c h e d u l e
ASSET MANAGEMENT
M A N A G E D A S S E T M I N I M U M $ 5 0 0 K
$0 - $1,000,000 ......................................................................................................... 0 . 8 8 %
$1,000,000 - $2,000,000......................................................................................... 0 . 8 2 %
$2,000,000 - $4,000,000.........................................................................................0 . 7 4 %
$4,000,000 - $6,000,000.........................................................................................0 . 6 8 %
$6,000,000 - $10,000,000...................................................................................... 0 . 6 2 %
$10,000,000 + ............................................................................................. C O N C I E R G E
C o m p r e h e n s i v e F i n a n c i a l
P l a n n i n g S e r v i c e s I n c l u d e d
R E T I R E M E N T A N A L Y S IS
F I N A N C I A L R E V I E W
I N V E S T M E N T A N A L Y S I S
T A X E V A L U A T I O N
S O C I A L S E C U R I T Y A N A L Y S IS
E S T A T E E V A L U A T I O N
Fees to be assessed will be outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the client.
Annualized fees are billed on a pro-rata basis monthly in arrears based on the value of the
account(s) on the last day of the month. Fees are negotiable and will be deducted from client
account(s). The above fee schedule represents the highest fee charged by the Firm at each
asset level. For various reasons, the Firm offers clients a discounted fee schedule at its
discretion. Each client is charged in accordance with the fee schedule specified in their
investment management agreements. Adjustments will be made for deposits and
withdrawals during the month. In rare cases, our firm will agree to directly invoice.
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Please see our Wrap Fee Program Brochure for further information regarding fees and
compensation for wrap asset management services.
ERISA PLAN SERVICES
The annual fees are based on the market value of the plan assets and will not exceed 1% of
the value. The fee is charged in arrears. For services started any time other than the first
day of a quarter, the fee will be prorated based on the number of days remaining in the
initial fee period. Thereafter, the fee will be based on the market value of the Plan assets on
the last business day of the previous fee period (without adjustments for anticipated
withdrawals by Plan participants or other anticipated or scheduled transfers or distribution
of assets) and will be due within ten (10) business day. In some instances, we may negotiate
an annual flat fee ranging up to $150,000 payable in quarterly installments. If this Agreement
is terminated prior to the end of the fee period, the Firm shall be entitled to a prorated fee
based on the number of days during the fee period services were provided. Any unearned
fees shall be refunded to the Plan or Plan Sponsor.
The compensation of the Firm for the services is described in detail in Schedule A of the ERISA
Plan Agreement. The Plan is obligated to pay the fees, however the Plan Sponsor may elect
to pay the fees. The Firm does not reasonably expect to receive any additional compensation,
directly or indirectly, for its services under this Agreement.
INSTITUTIONAL CONSULTING
The Firm may be compensated for providing advice and consulting services to institutional
clients. These fees are determined on a case-by-case basis and will be disclosed in writing
in the agreement signed by both parties.
FINANCIAL PLANNING FEES
The Firm may also be compensated for planning services by the client on a pre-determined
fixed fee basis. The Firm does complete financial plans as part of the investment advisory fee,
and the Firm does have the flexibility to offer financial plans for a set fee and perform
financial consulting work on an hourly basis (maximum hourly rate is $800). The
charge for a financial plan typically ranges from $1,000-$5,000, but may be more or
Client Payment of Fees
less, depending on the nature and complexity of each client’s circumstances.
Investment management fees are billed monthly, in arrears, meaning that we debit you
after the monthly billing period has ended. Fees are usually deducted from a designated client
account to facilitate billing. The client must consent in advance to direct debiting of their
investment account.
Financial Planning fee will be negotiated in advance and will be set-out in each client’s
Additional Client Fees Charged
advisory contract. Final payment will be due in ninety (90) days.
Custodians charge transaction fees on purchases or sales of certain mutual funds, equities, and
exchange-traded funds. These charges include Mutual Fund transactions fees, postage and
handling and miscellaneous fees (fee levied to recover costs associated with fees assessed by
self-regulatory organizations). These charges also include fees imposed directly by a mutual
fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be disclosed in the fund’s prospectus
(i.e., fund management fees, initial or deferred sales charges, mutual fund sales loads, 12b-1
fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, and
other fund expenses), mark-ups and mark-downs, spreads paid to market makers, fees for
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trades executed away from custodian, wire transfer fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage
accounts and securities transactions.
Wrap clients will not incur transaction costs for trades by their chosen custodian. More
information about this can be found in our separate Wrap Fee Program Brochure.
The Firm, in its sole discretion, may waive its minimum fee and/or charge a lesser investment
advisory fee based upon certain criteria (e.g., historical relationship, type of assets,
anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amounts of
assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, negotiations with clients, etc.).
For more details on the brokerage practices, see Item 12 of this brochure.
Prepayment of Client Fees
External Compensation for the Sale of Securities to Clients
The firm does not charge client fees in advance.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
The Firm does not receive any external compensation for the sale of securities to clients,
nor do any of the investment advisor representatives of the Firm.
Sharing of Capital Gains
Item 7: Types of Clients
Fees are not based on a share of the capital gains or capital appreciation of managed
securities.
The Firm does not use a performance-based fee structure because of the conflict of interest.
Performance-based compensation may create an incentive for the adviser to recommend
an investment that may carry a higher degree of risk to the client.
Description
We serve private clients, corporate and business pension or profit-sharing plans, and
government agencies. The Firm’s private clientele consists primarily of individual and high
net worth individuals who have accumulated significant wealth, are about to retire or are
already retired. These clients are typically physicians and surgeons, business owners, or
Account Minimums
key employees.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
The Firm generally requires a minimum of $500,000 to begin an advisory relationship. It
believes that this is the minimum amount required to best execute its investment strategies
for an individual portfolio. However, smaller accounts may be accepted at the discretion of
management.
Methods of Analysis
The following methods of analysis are utilized by our firm when formulating investment
advice and/or managing client assets:
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Fundamental Analysis:
The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze
the business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets.
When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are
two basic approaches one can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. The terms are
used to distinguish such analysis from other types of investment analysis, such as
quantitative and technical. Fundamental analysis is performed on historical and present data,
but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are several possible objectives: (a) to
conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price evolution; (b) to make a
projection on its business performance; (c) to evaluate its management and make internal
business decisions; (d) and/or to calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the intrinsic
value of the share.
When the objective of the analysis is to determine what stock to buy and at what price,
there are two basic methodologies investors rely upon: (a) Fundamental analysis maintains
that markets may misprice a security in the short run but that the "correct" price will
eventually be reached. Profits can be made by purchasing the mispriced security and then
waiting for the market to recognize its "mistake" and reprice the security; and (b) Technical
analysis maintains that all information is reflected already in the price of a security. Technical
analysts analyze trends and believe that sentiment changes predate and predict trend
changes. Investors' emotional responses to price movements lead to recognizable price chart
patterns. Technical analysts also analyze historical trends to predict future price movement.
Investors can use one or both of these different but complementary methods for stock
picking. This presents a potential risk, as the price of a security can move up or down along
with the overall market regardless of the economic and financial factors considered in
Modern Portfolio Theory (“MPT”)
evaluating the stock.
: A mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio
of assets such that the expected return is maximized for a given level of risk, defined as
variance. Its key insight is that an asset's risk and return should not be assessed by itself,
but by how it contributes to a portfolio's overall risk and return. MPT assumes that investors
are risk averse, meaning that given two portfolios that offer the same expected return,
investors will prefer the less risky one. Thus, an investor will take on increased risk only if
compensated by higher expected returns. Conversely, an investor who wants higher
expected returns must accept more risk. The exact trade-off will be the same for all investors,
but different investors will evaluate the trade-off differently based on individual risk
aversion characteristics. The implication is that a rational investor will not invest in a
portfolio if a second portfolio exists with a more favorable risk-expected return profile
i.e., if for that level of risk an alternative portfolio exists that has better expected returns.
The risk, return, and correlation measures used by MPT are based on expected values,
which means that they are mathematical statements about the future (the expected value
of returns is explicit in the above equations, and implicit in the definitions of variance and
covariance). In practice, investors must substitute predictions based on historical
measurements of asset return and volatility for these values in the equations. Very often such
expected values fail to take account of new circumstances that did not exist when the
historical data were generated. Mathematical risk measurements are also useful only to the
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degree that they reflect investors' true concerns—there is no point minimizing a variable
that nobody cares about in practice. MPT uses the mathematical concept of variance to
quantify risk, and this might be justified under the assumption of elliptically distributed
returns such as normally distributed returns, but for general return distributions other risk
Mutual Fund and/or Exchange Traded Fund (“ETF”) Analysis:
measures (like coherent risk measures) might better reflect investors' true preferences.
Analysis of the experience
and track record of the manager of the mutual fund or ETF in an attempt to determine if that
manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different
economic conditions. The underlying assets in a mutual fund or ETF are also reviewed in an
attempt to determine if there is significant overlap in the underlying investments held in
another fund(s) in the Client’s portfolio. The funds or ETFs are monitored in an attempt to
determine if they are continuing to follow their stated investment strategy. A risk of mutual
fund and/or ETF analysis is that, as in all securities investments, past performance does not
guarantee future results. A manager who has been successful may not be able to replicate
that success in the future. In addition, as our firm does not control the underlying investments
in a fund or ETF, managers of different funds held by the Client may purchase the same
security, increasing the risk to the Client if that security were to fall in value. There is also
a risk that a manager may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the
Qualitative Analysis:
fund or ETF, which could make the holding(s) less suitable for the Client’s portfolio.
A securities analysis that uses subjective judgment based on
unquantifiable information, such as management expertise, industry cycles, strength of
research and development, and labor relations. Qualitative analysis contrasts with
quantitative analysis, which focuses on numbers that can be found on reports such as
balance sheets. The two techniques, however, will often be used together in order to examine
a company's operations and evaluate its potential as an investment opportunity. Qualitative
analysis deals with intangible, inexact concerns that belong to the social and experiential
realm rather than the mathematical one. This approach depends on the kind of intelligence
that machines (currently) lack, since things like positive associations with a brand,
management trustworthiness, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage and cultural
shifts are difficult, arguably impossible, to capture with numerical inputs. A risk in using
qualitative analysis is that subjective judgment may prove incorrect.
The following investment strategies are used managing client accounts, provided that such
strategies are appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's
investment objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations:
Asset Allocation:
The implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance
risk versus reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio
according to the investor's risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame. Asset allocation
is based on the principle that different assets perform differently in different market and
economic conditions. A fundamental justification for asset allocation is the notion that
different asset classes offer returns that are not perfectly correlated, hence diversification
reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of returns for a given level of expected
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return. Although risk is reduced as long as correlations are not perfect, it is typically forecast
(wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation and variance) that
existed over some past period. Expectations for return are often derived in the same way.
An asset class is a group of economic resources sharing similar characteristics, such as
riskiness and return. There are many types of assets that may or may not be included in an
asset allocation strategy. The "traditional" asset classes are stocks (value, dividend, growth,
or sector-specific [or a "blend" of any two or more of the preceding]; large-cap versus mid-
cap, small-cap or micro-cap; domestic, foreign [developed], emerging or frontier markets),
bonds (fixed income securities more generally: investment-grade or junk [high-yield];
government or corporate; short-term, intermediate, long-term; domestic, foreign, emerging
markets), and cash or cash equivalents. Allocation among these three provides a starting
point. Usually included are hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds and preferred
stocks, counting as a mixture of bonds and stocks. Other alternative assets that may be
considered include: commodities: precious metals, nonferrous metals, agriculture, energy,
others.; Commercial or residential real estate (also REITs); Collectibles such as art, coins, or
stamps; insurance products (annuity, life settlements, catastrophe bonds, personal life
insurance products, etc.); derivatives such as long-short or market neutral strategies,
options, collateralized debt, and futures; foreign currency; venture capital; private equity;
and/or distressed securities.
•
There are several types of asset allocation strategies based on investment goals, risk
tolerance, time frames and diversification. The most common forms of asset allocation are:
strategic, dynamic, tactical, and core-satellite.
•
•
•
Strategic Asset Allocation: The primary goal of a strategic asset allocation is to create
an asset mix that seeks to provide the optimal balance between expected risk and
return for a long-term investment horizon. Generally speaking, strategic asset
allocation strategies are agnostic to economic environments, i.e., they do not change
their allocation postures relative to changing market or economic conditions.
Dynamic Asset Allocation: Dynamic asset allocation is similar to strategic asset
allocation in that portfolios are built by allocating to an asset mix that seeks to
provide the optimal balance between expected risk and return for a long-term
investment horizon. Like strategic allocation strategies, dynamic strategies largely
retain exposure to their original asset classes; however, unlike strategic strategies,
dynamic asset allocation portfolios will adjust their postures over time relative to
changes in the economic environment.
Tactical Asset Allocation: Tactical asset allocation is a strategy in which an investor
takes a more active approach that tries to position a portfolio into those assets,
sectors, or individual stocks that show the most potential for perceived gains. While
an original asset mix is formulated much like strategic and dynamic portfolio, tactical
strategies are often traded more actively and are free to move entirely in and out
of their core asset classes
Core-Satellite Asset Allocation: Core-Satellite allocation strategies generally contain
a 'core' strategic element making up the most significant portion of the portfolio, while
applying a dynamic or tactical 'satellite' strategy that makes up a smaller part
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of the portfolio. In this way, core-satellite allocation strategies are a hybrid of the
strategic and dynamic/tactical allocation strategies mentioned above.
Long-Term Purchases:
Our firm may buy securities for your account and hold them for a
relatively long time (more than a year) in anticipation that the security’s value will appreciate
over a long horizon. The risk of this strategy is that our firm could miss out on potential
short-term gains that could have been profitable to your account, or it’s possible that the
Mutual Funds
security’s value may decline sharply before our firm makes a recommendation to sell.
: A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and
invests that money in a variety of differing security types based on the objectives of the
fund. The portfolio of the fund consists of the combined holdings it owns. Each share
represents an investor’s proportionate ownership of the fund’s holdings and the income
those holdings generate. The price that investors pay for mutual fund shares are the fund’s
per share net asset value (“NAV”) plus any shareholder fees that the fund imposes at the time
of purchase (such as sales loads). Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make- up of
a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the
fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades. With an individual stock, investors
can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by checking
financial websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also
monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even second to second. By
contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems
shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which is calculated daily after market close.
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally
managed by an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance
of the securities purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of
diversification, which is an investing strategy that generally sums up as “Don’t put all your
eggs in one basket.” Spreading investments across a wide range of companies and industry
sectors can help lower the risk if a company or sector fails. Some investors find it easier to
achieve diversification through ownership of mutual funds rather than through ownership
of individual stocks or bonds.; (c) Some mutual funds accommodate investors who do not
have a lot of money to invest by setting relatively low dollar amounts for initial purchases,
subsequent monthly purchases, or both.; and (d) At any time, mutual fund investors can
readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any fees and charges assessed on
redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a)
Investors must pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund
performs. Depending on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes
on any capital gains distributions they receive. This includes instances where the fund
performed poorly after purchasing shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the
exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence which
securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades.; and (c) With an
individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing
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information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your
investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to
hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an
investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund
might not calculate until many hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual
funds must calculate their NAV at least once every business day, typically after the major U.S.
exchanges close.
When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax
each year on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not
have to pay any capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual
funds, however, are different. When an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the
investor will owe income tax on any ordinary dividends in the year the investor receives or
reinvests them. Moreover, in addition to owing taxes on any personal capital gains when
the investor sells shares, the investor may have to pay taxes each year on the fund’s capital
gains. That is because the law requires mutual funds to distribute capital gains to shareholders
Short-Term Purchases:
if they sell securities for a profit, and cannot use losses to offset these gains.
When utilizing this strategy, our firm may also recommend
purchasing securities with the idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a
year or less). Our firm does this in an attempt to take advantage of conditions that our
firm believes will soon result in a price swing in the securities our firm purchases.
Direct Indexing:
Investment Strategy
Direct indexing strategies seek to replicate the performance of a market
index by directly holding the individual securities, or a representative sample of the individual
securities, that make up the index. Direct indexing can provide a more tax efficient means of
investing, and allows for more customized investment allocations, than investing in a fund or
other commingled product that seeks to replicate the index. The potential benefits of direct
indexing, however, will not necessarily be realized if a client does not take advantage of tax
planning or impose account restrictions, such as account level security or sector-based
restrictions or customizations based on specific tax, Environmental, Social, and Governance or
other preferences. Fees and expenses for the direct indexing strategy in some cases will be
higher than the fees and expenses associated with alternative index products. Higher fees and
expenses could adversely impact account performance. The size of the account and the number
of securities in the index the account seeks to replicate also limit the ability of the account to
replicate the index. As a result, the direct indexing strategy introduces the risk of tracking error
relative to the index and can cause a portfolio to underperform the index, including as a result
of customization.
The investment strategy for a specific client is based upon the objectives stated by the
client during consultations. The client may change these objectives at any time. Each client
executes an investments allocation acceptance form that documents their objectives and their
desired investment strategy.
Security Specific Material Risks
Other strategies may include long-term purchases, short-term purchases and trading.
All investment programs have certain risks that are borne by the investor. Fundamental
analysis may involve interest rate risk, market risk, business risk, and financial risk.
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• Interest-rate Risk
Our investment approach constantly keeps the risk of loss in mind. Investors face the
following investment risks and should discuss these risks with the Firm:
• Market Risk
: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to
fluctuate. For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become
less attractive, causing their market values to decline.
• Business Risk
: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund may drop in reaction
to tangible and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by
external factors independent of a security’s particular underlying circumstances.
For example, political, economic and social conditions may trigger market events.
• ETF & Mutual Fund Risk:
: These risks are associated with a particular industry or a particular
company within an industry. For example, oil-drilling companies depend on
finding oil and then refining it, a lengthy process, before they can generate a
profit. They carry a higher risk of profitability than an electric company which
generates its income from a steady stream of customers who buy electricity no
matter what the economic environment is like.
When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear
• Financial Risk
additional expenses based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s
operating expenses, including the potential duplication of management fees. The
risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally reflects the risks of owning the
underlying securities, the ETF, or mutual fund holds. Clients will also incur
brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs.
• Cybersecurity Risk
: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases
the risk of profitability, because the company must meet the terms of its
obligations in good times and bad. During periods of financial stress, the inability
to meet loan obligations may result in bankruptcy and/or a declining market value.
: Although the Firm has taken measures to decrease the risks
associated with a cybersecurity event, the computer systems, networks and
devices used by the Firm and its service providers potentially can be breached.
A client could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach. A
cybersecurity breach could result in a failure to maintain the security,
confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information of
clients and investors. A cybersecurity breach may also cause disruptions and
impact business operations potentially resulting in a financial loss to a client.
• Political Risk:
Each administration presents its own set of policy risks that could
impact investors. One of the policy tools that an administration can implement is
the imposition of tariffs, or the threats thereof. The scope, implementation, and
duration of tariffs can create uncertainty domestically and globally. Industries that
rely on imported raw material or that have heavily integrated cross-border
manufacturing practices may be most impacted by the imposition of tariffs.
However, it is challenging to predict the impact of actual and/or threatened tariffs
and impossible to predict future policy decisions. When tariffs are imposed, there
is also a higher probability that retaliatory tariffs could be imposed, which could
further impact industries and products. Tariffs in general can also permanently
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• Artificial Intelligence ("AI") Risk
alter global supply chains and have far-reaching indirect impacts. Tariffs can hurt
economic growth and add to inflation, which can lead to rising interest rates.
• Global Economic Risk:
: We may rely on programs and systems that utilize
AI, machine learning, probabilistic modeling, and other data science technologies
("AI Tools") when delivering our services. AI Tools are also used to record and
transcribe client meetings. Clients should note that AI Tools are highly complex,
and are known to have been flawed, hallucinate, reflect biases included in the data
on which such tools are trained, be of poor quality, or be otherwise harmful. AI
Tools present Cybersecurity Risk. The U.S. and global legal and regulatory
environment relating to the use of AI Tools is uncertain and rapidly evolving, and
could require changes in the firm’s implementation of AI Tools and increase
compliance costs and the risk of non-compliance. Further, the firm may rely on AI
Tools developed by third parties, and the firm has limited control over the
accuracy and completeness of such AI Tools. Clients who do not want us to record
their meetings have the option to opt out at the time of the meeting.
Global instability, natural disasters, geopolitical tensions,
terrorist attacks, and the threat of a global pandemic may adversely affect the
performance of the global economy. These affects include market volatility,
market and business uncertainty and closures, supply chain and travel
interruptions, the need for employees and vendors to work at external locations,
and extensive medical absences. This may result in long-term effects on the
United States and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic
uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. We cannot predict the effects
of significant future events on the global economy and securities markets. A
similar disruption of the financial markets could impact interest rates, credit
risk, inflation and other factors. We have policies and procedures to address
known situations, but not all events that could affect our business and/or the
markets can be determined and addressed in advance.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Criminal or Civil Actions
Administrative Enforcement Proceedings
The firm and its management have not been involved in any criminal or civil action.
The firm and its management have not been involved in any administrative enforcement
proceedings.
Self-Regulatory Organization Enforcement Proceedings
The firm and its management have not been involved in legal or disciplinary events related
to past or present investment clients.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Broker-Dealer or Representative Registration
Neither the Firm nor any of its employees are registered representatives of a broker-
dealer.
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Futures or Commodity Registration
Neither the Firm nor its employees are registered or has an application pending to register
as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or a commodity trading
Material Relationships Maintained by this Advisory Business and Conflicts of Interest
advisor.
Neither the Firm nor any of its employees have any relationships or conflicts of interest
that are material to its advisory business or clients.
Recommendations or Selections of Other Investment Advisors and Conflicts of Interest
The Firm does not recommend or select other investment advisors.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading
Code of Ethics Description
The employees of the Firm have committed to a Code of Ethics (“Code”). The purpose of
our Code is to set forth standards of conduct expected of the Firm employees and addresses
conflicts that may arise. The Code defines acceptable behavior for employees of the Firm. The
Code reflects the Firm and its supervised persons’ responsibility to act in the best interest
of their client.
One area the Code addresses is when employees buy or sell securities for their personal
accounts and how to mitigate any conflict of interest with our clients. We do not allow any
employees to use non-public material information for their personal profit or to use internal
research for their personal benefit in conflict with the benefit to our clients.
The Firm policy prohibits any person from acting upon or otherwise misusing non-public
or inside information. No advisory representative or other employee, officer or director of
the Firm may recommend any transaction in a security or its derivative to advisory clients or
engage in personal securities transactions for a security or its derivatives if the advisory
representative possesses material, non-public information regarding the security.
The Firm’s Code is based on the guiding principle that the interests of the client are our top
priority. The Firm’s officers, directors, advisors, and other employees have a fiduciary duty
to our clients and must diligently perform that duty to maintain the complete trust and
confidence of our clients. When a conflict arises, it is our obligation to put the client’s
interests over the interests of either employees or the company.
The Code applies to “access” persons. “Access” persons are employees who have access to
non-public information regarding any clients' purchase or sale of securities, or non-public
information regarding the portfolio holdings of any reportable fund, who are involved in
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making securities recommendations to clients, or who have access to such recommendations
that are non-public.
The firm will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon
Investment Recommendations Involving a Material Financial Interest and Conflict of Interest
request.
The Firm and its employees do not recommend to clients securities in which we have a
Advisory Firm Purchase of Same Securities Recommended to Clients and Conflicts of Interest
material financial interest.
The Firm does not buy securities from, nor sell securities to any investment advisory client.
The Firm, and its officers, employees, and family members generally hold the same securities
the Firm recommends for client accounts. The Firm prohibits itself and its associated persons
from benefiting from the short-term market effects of transactions for clients. Further,
employees are required to disclose all reportable securities transactions as well as provide
the Firm with copies of their brokerage statements.
Client Securities Recommendations or Trades and Concurrent Advisory Firm Securities Transactions
and Conflicts of Interest
The Firm does not maintain a firm proprietary trading account and does not have a material
financial interest in any securities being recommended and therefore no conflicts of interest
exist. However, employees may buy or sell securities at the same time they buy or sell
securities for clients. In order to mitigate conflicts of interest such as front running,
employees are required to disclose all reportable securities transactions as well as provide
the Firm with copies of their brokerage statements. Further, our related persons will refrain
from buying or selling the same securities prior to buying or selling for our clients in the same
day. If related persons’ accounts are included in a block trade, our related persons will always
trade personal accounts last.
The Chief Compliance Officer of the Firm is Jared Empey. He reviews all employee trades
each quarter. The personal trading reviews ensure that the personal trading of employees
does not affect the markets and that clients of the firm receive preferential treatment over
employee transactions.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Factors Used to Select Broker-Dealers for Client Transactions
• Directed Brokerage
The Firm recommends the use of SEI or Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”). The Firm
selected these brokers based on a number of factors including but not limited to their
relatively low transaction fees, investment products, overall cost to clients and reporting
ability. Lower fees for comparable services may be available from other sources. Clients pay
for any and all custodial fees in addition to the advisory fee charged by the Firm.
In circumstances where a client directs the Firm to use a certain broker-dealer, The
Firm still has a fiduciary duty to its clients. The following may apply with Directed
Brokerage: The Firm’s inability to negotiate commissions, to obtain volume
discounts, there may be a disparity in commission charges among clients and conflicts
of interest arising from brokerage firm referrals.
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• Execution
The Firm uses brokerage services of SEI and Schwab. Not all investment advisers require
their clients to use the brokerage and custodial services of limited number of firms.
The commissions and transaction fees charged by SEI and Schwab may be higher (or
lower) than what other broker-dealers charge and this practice could cost clients more
money. Further, in using only SEI and Schwab, the Firm could be unable to achieve the
most favorable execution of client transactions
.
Aggregating Securities Transactions for Client Accounts
The Firm does not aggregate trades. If the Firm does not combine transactions when it has
the opportunity to do so, clients could pay higher brokerage costs.
Item 13: Review of Accounts
Schedule for Periodic Review of Client Accounts or Financial Plans and Advisory Persons Involved
The
Firm’s financial advisors and compliance officer regularly monitor accounts to implement
investment strategies that serve each client’s investment objectives. At a minimum,
accounts are reviewed at least annually and upon client request. The nature of this review
is to learn whether clients’ accounts are in line with their investment objectives, and
Review of Client Accounts on Non-Periodic Basis
appropriately positioned based on market conditions. .
Other conditions that may trigger a review of clients’ accounts are changes in the tax laws,
Content of Client Provided Reports and Frequency
new investment information, and changes in a client's own situation.
The Firm arranges for SEI and Schwab to furnish clients with confirmations of trades or
debit/credit advice promptly after completion of any portfolio transaction for which the
Firm has placed an order. The confirmations detail the principal amount and any other
fees for each transaction. In addition, the Firm arranges for each client and/or client
designated representative to receive regular account statements from the custodian
showing the activity in each of the client’s accounts and the market value of each security
in the accounts. The Firm sends quarterly newsletters and other updates on markets
information. The Firm generates a written performance report authored by the custodian,
which is reviewed during quarterly client meetings and upon request, may provide
additional reports showing the industry and sector diversification of a portfolio, the cost
basis of securities held, realized capital gains and losses, and other portfolio information. In
addition, through meetings, telephone calls, and letters, the Firm regularly keeps clients
informed of the investment policy and strategy for achieving clients’ investment objectives.
The nature and frequency of these reports and other communications are determined
primarily by the particular needs of each client.
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Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Economic benefits Provided to the Advisory Firm from External Sources and Conflicts of Interest
The Firm does not accept referral fees or any form of remuneration from other professionals
when a prospect or client is referred to them.
As disclosed under Item 12. above, the Firm participates in SEI and Schwab’s institutional
customer programs and the Firm may recommend SEI and/or Schwab to Clients for custody
and brokerage services. There is no direct link between the Firm’s participation in the
programs and the investment advice it gives to its Clients, although the Firm receives
economic benefits through its participation in the programs that are typically not available
to SEI and Schwab’s retail investors. These benefits include the following products and
services (provided without cost or at a discount): receipt of duplicate Client statements and
confirmations; research related products and tools; consulting services; access to a trading
desk serving the Firm participants; access to block trading (which provides the ability to
aggregate securities transactions for execution and then allocate the appropriate shares to
Client accounts); the ability to have advisory fees deducted directly from Client accounts;
access to an electronic communications network for Client order entry and account
information; access to mutual funds with no transaction fees and to certain institutional
money managers; and discounts on compliance, marketing, research, technology, and
practice management products or services provided to the Firm by third party vendors. Some
of the products and services made available by SEI and Schwab through the programs may
benefit the Firm but may not benefit its Client accounts. These products or services may assist
Advisor in managing and administering Client accounts, including accounts not maintained
at SEI or Schwab.
Other services made available by SEI and Schwab are intended to help the Firm manage and
further develop its business enterprise. The benefits received by the Firm or its personnel
through participation in the programs do not depend on the amount of brokerage
transactions directed to SEI or Schwab. As part of its fiduciary duties to clients, The Firm
endeavors at all times to put the interests of its clients first. Clients should be aware, however,
that the receipt of economic benefits by the Firm or its related persons in and of itself creates
a conflict of interest and may indirectly influence the Firm’s choice of SEI or Schwab for
custody and brokerage services. To mitigate this conflict of interest, the Firm periodically
reviews the overall services provided by SEI and Schwab to ensure they are in the best
interest of clients.
In an effort to keep clients informed as to the services the Firm offers and the various financial
products we utilize, the Firm occasionally sponsors events in conjunction with SEI or Schwab
These events are educational in nature and are not dependent upon the use of any specific
products. We ma y re ce i ve othe r econ omic ben efit s. W hile a conflict of interest may
exist given that these events are at least partially funded by custodians, all funds received
from the sponsors are used for the education of clients, and the Firm will always adhere to
our fiduciary duties in selecting appropriate investments for clients.
Advisory Firm Payments for Client Referrals
The Firm as a matter of policy and practice, may compensate persons, i.e., individual or
entities, for the referral of advisory clients to the firm provided appropriate disclosures and
regulatory requirements are met.
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In fact, the Firm has an agreement with Idaho Medical Association (IMA) under which IMA
has agreed to provide opportunities for the Firm to obtain IMA members as advisory clients.
In return, the Firm has agreed to pay IMA five percent of the gross annual revenue received
from IMA members who become advisory clients.
The Firm also has an agreement with Wealthramp under which Wealthramp has agreed to
refer advisory clients to the Firm. In return the Firm has agreed to pay Wealthramp a
percentage of the gross annual revenue from clients referred by Wealthramp.
All fees paid to solicitors are paid by the Firm and there is no additional cost to the client.
These arrangements creates a relationship where IMA and Wealthramp are acting as a
“promoter” as defined under Rule 206(4)-1.
Item 15: Custody
Account Statements
All assets are held at qualified custodians, which means the custodians provide account
statements directly to clients at their address of record at least quarterly. The Firm typically
does not prepare reports for clients. The Firm may prepare specific reports at the client’s
request. Clients are urged to compare the account statements received directly from
their custodians to reports prepared by the Firm, if any.
The Firm is deemed to have constructive custody solely because advisory fees are directly
deducted from client’s account by the custodian on behalf of the Firm.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Discretionary Authority for Trading
For asset management services, the Firm does not accept discretionary trading authority
to manage securities accounts on behalf of clients. The Firm will obtain specific client
consent for the securities to be bought or sold, and the amount of the securities to be bought
or sold.
The client approves the custodian to be used and the commission rates paid to the
custodian. The Firm does not receive any portion of the transaction fees or commissions
paid by the client to the custodian on trades.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Please refer to Item 4 of this Brochure for information on the limited authority that we may
have when working with ERISA plans as a 3(38) fiduciary.
Proxy Votes
The Firm does not vote proxies on securities. Clients are expected to vote their own proxies.
The client will receive their proxies directly from the custodian of their account or from a
transfer agent.
When assistance on voting proxies is requested, the Firm will provide recommendations to
the client. Clients may call, write or email the Firm to discuss questions they may have
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Item 18: Financial Information
about particular proxy votes or other solicitations. If a conflict of interest exists, it will be
disclosed to the client.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is not required to be provided because the Firm does not serve as a
custodian for client funds or securities and the Firm does not require prepayment of fees
of more than $1,200 per client and six months or more in advance.
Financial Conditions Reasonably Likely to Impair Advisory Firm’s Ability to Meet Commitments to
Clients
The Firm has no condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual
Bankruptcy Petitions during the Past Ten Years
commitments to our clients.
Neither the Firm nor its management has had any bankruptcy petitions in the last ten
years.
Additional Information
Individual Retirement Account Rollover Disclosures
As a normal extension of financial advice, we provide education or recommendations related
to the rollover of an employer-sponsored retirement plan. A plan participant leaving
employment has several options. Each choice offers advantages and disadvantages, depending
on desired investment options and services, fees and expenses, withdrawal options, required
minimum distributions, tax treatment, and the investor's unique financial needs and
retirement plans. The complexity of these choices may lead an investor to seek assistance from
us.
An Associated Person who recommends an investor roll over plan assets into an Individual
Retirement Account (“IRA”) may earn an asset-based fee as a result, but no compensation if
assets are retained in the plan. Thus, we have an economic incentive to encourage an investor
to roll plan assets into an IRA. In most cases, fees and expenses will increase to the investor as
a result because the above-described fees will apply to assets rolled over to an IRA and outlined
ongoing services will be extended to these assets.
We are fiduciaries under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and when we provide investment
advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are
also fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement
accounts. We have to act in your best interests and not put our interest ahead of yours. At the
same time, the way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests.
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