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Disclosure Brochure
March 31, 2025
Universal
Financial Advisors,
LLC
a Registered Investment Adviser
MAIN OFFICE
333 S. Kirkwood Road Suite 301
St. Louis, MO 63122
(314) 721-5522
universaladvisorsgroup.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Universal
Financial Advisors, LLC (“UFA,” the “Firm,” “we,” “us”). If you have any questions about the
contents of this brochure, please contact the Firm at the telephone number listed above. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Additional information about
the Firm is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Registration does not imply
any level of skill or training. The Firm is a registered investment adviser. CRD number 318392.
Investment Advisory Services offered through Universal Financial Advisors, LLC, a SEC Registered Investment Advisory Firm.
Securities offered through Osaic Wealth, Inc. member FINRA/SIPC. Universal
Financial Advisors, LLC is a separate entity from Osaic Wealth, Inc.
Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Inc. owns the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNERTM and
Disclosure Brochure
Universal Financial Advisors, LLC
Item 2. Material Changes
Form ADV Part 2 requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when information
becomes materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser’s brochure, the adviser is
required to notify clients and provide a description of the material changes. Generally, UFA will notify
clients of material changes on an annual basis. However, when UFA determines that an interim notification
is either meaningful or required, UFA will notify clients promptly. In either case, UFA will notify clients
in a separate document.
The last annual filing of UFA’s brochure dated March 29, 2024, has been updated as of November30, 2024.
There are no material changes to report since the last annual amendment. However, our broker dealer
affiliation has changed from Securities America, Inc. to Osaic Wealth, Inc. Also, A. Larry Lock retired, and
all responsibilities have been transferred to Brian C. Lock and the ownership to Brian C. Lock TOD Brian
C. Lock and Ashley B. Lock Revocable Qualified Spousal Trust Dated 10/7/2016.
Additionally, we have made other changes, some of which may clarify or enhance existing disclosures, but
we do not consider these other changes to be material.
The revised brochure will be available since UFA’s last delivery or posting of this brochure on the SEC’s
public disclosure website (IAPD) at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov or clients may contact our office at the
number listed on the cover page of this brochure to obtain a copy. When an update is made to this brochure,
UFA will send a copy to clients with the summary of material changes, or a summary of material changes
that includes an offer to send clients a copy [either by electronic means (email) or in hard copy form]. You
may contact our Chief Compliance Officer, Brian C. Lock (314) 721-5522 or via email at
brian.lock@ufgworld.com if you have any questions about this Disclosure Brochure.
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Universal Financial Advisors, LLC
Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 2. Material Changes ............................................................................................................................................ 2
Item 3. Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Item 4. Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Financial Planning and Consulting Services .................................................................................................... 5
Investment and Wealth Management Services ................................................................................................. 6
Retirement Plan Consulting Services .............................................................................................................. 6
Item 5. Fees and Compensation .................................................................................................................................. 8
Financial Planning and Consulting Fees .................................................................................................................. 8
Investment Management Fees ................................................................................................................................. 9
Retirement Plan Consulting Fees ............................................................................................................................. 9
Fee Discretion ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Additional Fees and Expenses ............................................................................................................................... 10
Direct Fee Debit..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Account Additions and Withdrawals ..................................................................................................................... 10
Commissions and Sales Charges for Recommendations of Securities .................................................................. 11
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ............................................................................. 11
Item 7. Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Minimum Account Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 12
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ..................................................................... 12
Methods of Analysis .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Investment Strategies ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Risk of Loss ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
Item 9. Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................................................... 17
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ................................................................................... 17
Registered Representatives of a Broker/Dealer ..................................................................................................... 18
Licensed Insurance Agents .................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 11. Code of Ethics ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Item 12. Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................................... 19
Recommendation of Broker/Dealers for Client Transactions ................................................................................ 19
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Software and Support Provided by Financial Institutions ..................................................................................... 20
Brokerage for Client Referrals ............................................................................................................................... 21
Directed Brokerage ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Commissions or Sales Charges for Recommendations of Securities ..................................................................... 21
Trade Aggregation ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Item 13. Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................................... 23
Account Reviews ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Account Statements and Reports ........................................................................................................................... 23
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................................. 23
Client Referrals ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Broker/Dealer Affiliation with Osaic Wealth ........................................................................................................ 24
Other Compensation .............................................................................................................................................. 24
Item 15. Custody ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
Item 16. Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................................. 25
Item 17. Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................................. 25
Proxy Voting ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Class Actions ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
Item 18. Financial Information .................................................................................................................................. 26
Privacy Policy………………………………………………………………………………………………………..26
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Universal Financial Advisors, LLC
Item 4. Advisory Business
UFA will serve the financial needs of clients seeking personal, comprehensive financial planning and
investment management services from advisors with experience. Prior to UFA providing investment
advisory services, clients are required to enter into one or more written agreements with UFA setting forth
the relevant terms and conditions of the advisory relationship (the “Advisory Agreement”).
The Firm is 100% owned by Brian C. Lock TOD Brian C. Lock and Ashley B. Lock Revocable Qualified
Spousal Trust Dated 10/7/2016 (“Trust”). Brian C. Lock, CFP® and Ashley B. Lock are the trustees of the
Trust. As of February 19, 2024, UFA has $251,062,299 of discretionary assets under management, $0 non-
discretionary assets under management and assets under advisement1 of $8,729,856, for total assets under
management are $259,792,155.
While this Disclosure Brochure generally describes our business, certain sections also discuss the activities
of its Supervised Persons, which refer to the Firm’s officers, partners, directors (or other persons occupying
a similar status or performing similar functions), employees or any other person who provides investment
advice on our behalf (collectively referred to as investment adviser representatives or “IARs” and are
subject to the Firm’s supervision or control.
UFA's IARs may market under the UFA brand or under a business name of their choosing. When marketing
under a business name other than UFA, an IAR will distinguish between business done by UFA and other,
non-UFA, business lines in which an IAR may engage.
IARs may have their own legal business entities. The client should understand that the businesses are legal
entities of the IAR and not of UFA. Additionally, the business entity may provide services other than as an
IAR of UFA. However, Investment Advisory Services of the IARs are provided through UFA.
Financial Planning and Consulting Services
UFA offers clients a broad range of financial planning and consulting services, which may include any or
all of the following functions:
Retirement Planning
Risk Management
Charitable Giving
Distribution Planning
Tax Planning
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• Manager Due Diligence
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Business Planning
Cash Flow Forecasting
Trust and Estate Planning
Financial Reporting
Investment Consulting
Insurance Planning
1 Assets under advisement represent assets in which we provide consulting services and for which we have neither
discretionary authority, the ability to arrange or effect the purchase or sale of recommendations provided to and
accepted by the ultimate client, or the authority to hire or fire recommended third party managers without client
consent. Inclusion of these assets will make our total assets number different from assets under management disclosed
in Item 5.F of our Form ADV Part 1A due to specific calculation instructions for Regulatory Assets Under
Management.
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Universal Financial Advisors, LLC
In performing these services, we are not required to verify any information received from the client or from
the client’s other professionals (e.g., attorneys, accountants, etc.,) and are authorized to rely on such
information. We may recommend clients engage the Firm for additional related services, and our IARs in
their individual capacities as insurance agents or registered representatives of a broker-dealer may
implement their recommendations. Clients are advised that conflict of interest exists if clients engage us to
provide additional services for compensation. Clients retain absolute discretion over all decisions regarding
implementation and are under no obligation to act upon any of the recommendations made by us under a
financial planning or consulting engagement. Clients are advised that it remains their responsibility to
promptly notify the Firm of any change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose
of reviewing, evaluating, or revising our recommendations and/or services.
Investment and Wealth Management Services
We manage client investment portfolios on a discretionary basis and primarily allocate client assets among
various mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), individual debt and equity securities, options, and
occasionally independent investment managers (“Independent Managers”) in accordance with their stated
investment objectives.
Where appropriate, IARs may also provide advice about any type of legacy position or other investment
held in client portfolios. Clients may engage us to manage and/or advise on certain investment products
that are not maintained at their primary custodian, such as variable life insurance and annuity contracts and
assets held in employer sponsored retirement plans and qualified tuition plans (i.e., 529 plans). In these
situations, we direct or recommend the allocation of client assets among the various investment options
available within the product. These assets are generally maintained at the underwriting insurance company,
or the custodian designated by the product’s provider.
We tailor our advisory services to meet the needs of our individual clients and seek to ensure, on a
continuous basis, that client portfolios are managed in a manner consistent with the client’s stated needs
and objectives. We consult clients on an initial and ongoing basis to assess their specific risk tolerance, time
horizon, liquidity constraints and other related factors relevant to the management of their portfolios.
Clients are advised to promptly notify us if there are changes in their financial situation or if they wish to
place any limitations on the management of their portfolios. Clients may impose reasonable restrictions or
mandates on the management of their accounts if we determine, in our sole discretion, the conditions would
not materially impact the performance of a management strategy or prove overly burdensome to the Firm’s
management efforts.
Retirement Plan Consulting Services
We provide various consulting services to qualified employee benefit plans and their fiduciaries. This suite
of institutional services is designed to assist plan sponsors in structuring, managing, and optimizing their
corporate retirement plans. Each engagement is individually negotiated and customized, and may include
any or all of the following services:
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Plan Design and Strategy
Plan Review and Evaluation
Executive Planning & Benefits
Investment Selection
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Plan Fee and Cost Analysis
Plan Committee Consultation
Fiduciary and Compliance
Participant Education
As disclosed in the Advisory Agreement, certain of the foregoing services are provided by us as a fiduciary
under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). In accordance with
ERISA Section 408(b)(2), each plan sponsor is provided with a written description of our fiduciary status,
the specific services to be rendered and all direct and indirect compensation the Firm reasonably expects
under the engagement.
In addition, when we regularly provide investment advice regarding a client’s individual retirement plan
account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title 1 of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing
retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts of interest, so we operate under a
special rule created by the Department of Labor (the “DOL”), that requires us to act in your best interest
and not put our interest ahead of yours.
Retirement Account Recommendations
For the purpose of complying with the DOL's Prohibited Transaction Exemption 2020-02 ("PTE 2020-02"),
when applicable, UFA is providing the following acknowledgment to clients. When UFA provides
investment advice to clients regarding their retirement plan account or individual retirement account, UFA
is a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the
Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. The way UFA makes
money creates some conflicts with the clients’ interests, so UFA operates under an exemption that requires
UFA to act in the clients’ best interest and not put UFA’s interests ahead of the clients. Under this
exemption, UFA must:
1. Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent
advice),
2. Never put UFA’s financial interests ahead of the clients when making recommendations (give loyal
advice),
3. Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments,
4. Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that UFA gives advice that is in the clients’ best
interest,
5. Charge no more than is reasonable for UFA’s services, and
6. Give the clients basic information about conflicts of interest.
UFA benefits financially from the rollover of the clients’ assets from a retirement account to an account
that UFA manages or provides investment advice, because the assets increase UFA’s assets under
management and, in turn, UFA’s advisory fees. As a fiduciary, UFA only recommends a rollover or
retirement account when UFA believes it is in the clients’ best interest.
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Universal Financial Advisors, LLC
Wrap Fee Program
We offer a Wrap Fee Account which is administered through a clearing broker/dealer, Charles Schwab &
Co., Inc. The Wrap Fee Program is designed to assist you in clarifying your investment needs and obtaining
professional asset management for a convenient single "wrap" fee on a discretionary or non-discretionary
basis. Under the Wrap Fee Program, an inclusive fee covers account management, brokerage, clearance,
custody, and administrative services. We will receive a portion of the WRAP fee for our services.
We typically manage wrap accounts similarly to non-wrap accounts. However, several factors may
influence the selection of the account structure, including but not limited to:
1. The client’s preference for a “wrap” vs. transaction charges per trade on certain or all securities.
2. Account size.
3. Anticipated trading frequency.
4. Anticipated securities to be traded.
5. Management style.
6. Long term investment goals.
The overall cost you will incur if you participate in a wrap fee program may be higher or lower than you
might incur by paying transaction costs separately. To compare the cost of the wrap fee program with non-
wrap fee portfolio management services, you should consider the frequency of trading activity associated
with our investment strategies, the transaction charges involved, and the advisory fees charged.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
We offer services on a fee basis, which may include fixed and/or hourly fees, as well as fees based upon
assets under management or advisement. Additionally, certain of the Firm’s IARs, in their individual
capacities, may offer securities brokerage services and/or insurance products under a separate commission-
based arrangement.
Financial Planning and Consulting Fees
We generally charge a fixed and/or hourly fee for providing financial planning and consulting services.
These fees are negotiable but generally range from $1,000 to $10,000 on a fixed fee basis, depending upon
the scope and complexity of the services and the professional rendering the financial planning and/or the
consulting services. If the client engages the Firm for additional investment advisory services, we may
offset all or a portion of its fees for those services based upon the amount paid for the financial planning
and/or consulting services.
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The terms and conditions of the financial planning and/or consulting engagement are set forth in the
Advisory Agreement and we generally require one-half of the fee (estimated hourly or fixed) payable upon
execution of the Advisory Agreement. The outstanding balance is generally due upon delivery of the
financial plan or completion of the agreed upon services.
Investment Management Fees
We offer investment management services for an annual fee based on the amount of assets under the Firm’s
management. This management fee generally varies, depending upon the size and composition of a client’s
portfolio and the type of services rendered. Generally, fees range from less than 1% annually to no more
than 2.5% annually. The advisory account Minimum Platform Service Fee (MPSF) is $50 annually per
advisory account. The per account MPSF may be waived on a single account(s) provided aggregate MPSF
fee for the immediate client family household meets the MPSF of $50 annually per account on an aggregate
basis. For example, one household account could cover the MPSF provided the Platform Service Fee is
enough in aggregate to meet the minimums for all accounts in the household. The specific fee charged for
investment management services is disclosed in the Advisory Agreement for the client’s specific investment
management plan the client chooses to implement.
The annual fee is prorated and charged quarterly, in arrears or in advance, based upon the method selected
in the Advisory Agreement and the market value of the assets being managed by the IAR on the last day of
the billing period. We calculate our fees through our portfolio accounting system, Orion, which has a feed
from our custodian Schwab. However, the quarter end balance determined by Orion, and which we calculate
our fees, could be different from your balance on your Schwab statement due to timing of corporate actions,
accrued interest, and trade settlements.
No adjustment will be made for intra-quarter withdrawals or deposits. Accounts opened during a quarter
may be billed on a pro-rata basis at advisor's discretion. Accounts closed during the quarter will receive a
pro-rata refund. For the initial period of engagement, the fee is calculated on a pro rata basis. In the event
the Advisory Agreement is terminated, the fee for the final billing period is prorated through the effective
date of the termination and the outstanding or unearned portion of the fee is charged or refunded to the
client, as appropriate.
Retirement Plan Consulting Fees
We generally charge a fixed project-based fee from 0.25% to 2.5% to provide clients with retirement plan
consulting services. Each engagement is individually negotiated and tailored to accommodate the needs of
the individual plan sponsor, as memorialized in the Advisory Agreement. These fees vary, based on the
scope of the services to be rendered.
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Fee Discretion
We may, in our sole discretion, negotiate to charge a lesser fee based upon certain criteria, such as
anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be
managed, related accounts, account composition, pre-existing/legacy client relationship, account retention
and pro bono activities.
Additional Fees and Expenses
In addition to the advisory fees paid to us, clients may also incur certain charges imposed by other third
parties, such as broker-dealers, custodians, trust companies, banks, and other financial institutions
(collectively “Financial Institutions”). These additional charges include securities brokerage commissions,
transaction fees, custodial fees, fees charged by the Independent Managers, margin costs, charges imposed
directly by a mutual fund or ETF in a client’s account, as disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund
management fees and other fund expenses), deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire
transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions.
The Firm’s brokerage practices are described at length in Item 12 below.
We and your IAR do not retain 12b-1 fees paid by funds for either qualified or non-qualified accounts. All
12b-1 fees on accounts are retained by the custodian, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”). For accounts
that are traded with No-Transaction Fee (NTF) mutual funds and/or (NTF) exchange traded mutual funds,
any 12b- 1 fee is paid to the custodian in lieu of the client paying transaction or trading costs. Where a fund
participates in the NTF platform and does not have a 12b-1 fee, the custodians generally receive a portion
of the fund management or administrative fee. The participation of funds in the NTF platform does not
increase the cost of the same share class of the fund to the client. Funds that do not participate in the
custodian’s NTF platform may have lower expense ratios, which may result in a lower annual cost to the
client; however, they generally incur transaction fees and trading costs.
Direct Fee Debit
Clients generally provide us and/or certain Independent Managers with the authority to directly debit their
accounts for payment of the advisory fees. The Financial Institutions that act as the qualified custodian for
client accounts, from which the Firm retains the authority to directly deduct fees, have agreed to send
statements to clients not less than quarterly detailing all account transactions, including any amounts paid
to us. Alternatively, clients can elect to have us send a separate invoice for direct payment.
Account Additions and Withdrawals
Clients may make additions to and withdrawals from their account at any time, subject to our right to
terminate an account. Additions may be in cash or securities provided that the Firm reserves the right to
liquidate any transferred securities or declines to accept particular securities into a client’s account. Clients
may withdraw account assets on notice to us, subject to the usual and customary securities settlement
procedures. However, the Firm generally designs its portfolios as long-term investments, and the
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withdrawal of assets may impair the achievement of a client’s investment objectives. We will consult with
our clients about the options and implications of transferring securities. Clients are advised that when
transferred securities are liquidated, they are subject to transaction fees, short-term redemption fees, fees
assessed at the mutual fund level (e.g., contingent deferred sales charges) and/or tax ramifications.
Commissions and Sales Charges for Recommendations of Securities
Clients can engage certain persons associated with us (but not the Firm directly) to render securities
brokerage services under a separate commission-based arrangement. Clients are under no obligation to
engage such persons and may choose brokers or agents not affiliated with us. Under this arrangement, the
Firm’s IARs, in their individual capacities as registered representatives of Osaic Wealth, Inc. (“OWI”), may
provide securities brokerage services and implement securities transactions under a separate commission-
based arrangement. Supervised Persons may be entitled to a portion of the brokerage commissions paid to
OWI, as well as a share of any ongoing distribution or service (trail) fees from the sale of mutual funds. We
may also recommend no-load or load-waived funds, where no sales charges are assessed. Prior to effecting
any transactions, clients are required to enter into a separate account agreement with OWI.
A conflict of interest exists to the extent that we recommend the purchase or sale of securities where our
IARs receive commissions or other additional compensation as a result of their recommendations. The Firm
has procedures in place to ensure that any recommendations made by such IARs are in the best interest of
clients. For certain accounts covered by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”)
and such others that we, in our sole discretion, deems appropriate, we may provide our investment advisory
services on a fee-offset basis. In this scenario, we will offset its fees by an amount equal to the aggregate
commissions and 12b-1 fees earned by the Firm’s Supervised Persons in their individual capacities as
registered representatives of OWI.
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
We do not provide any services for a performance-based fee (i.e., a fee based on a share of capital gains or
capital appreciation of a client’s assets). “Side-by-Side Management” refers to a situation in which the same
Firm manages accounts and at the same time manages other accounts for which fees are assessed on a
performance fee basis. Because we have no performance-based fee accounts, it has no side-by-side
management.
Item 7. Types of Clients
We offer services to individuals including high net worth individuals, pension and profit-sharing plans,
trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations, and business entities.
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Minimum Account Requirements
We impose minimum account requirements for opening and maintaining an investment management
relationship. We have a minimum size account requirement of $75,000 per account (can be aggregated, see
below). We impose a Minimum Platform Service Fee (MPSF) of $50 annually or $12.50 per quarter (see
Investment Management Fees under Item 5). The Firm, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive its
minimum account requirements based upon certain criteria. We may aggregate the portfolios of immediate
family members living in one household to meet the minimum portfolio size. For example, a household
with three accounts, one at $5,000, another at $10,000 and a third at $525,000 would generally meet the
minimum ($5,000 + $10,000 + $525,000 = $540,000 / 3 = $180,000).
In addition, certain Independent Managers may impose more restrictive account requirements and billing
practices from the Firm. In these instances, we may alter its corresponding account requirements and/or
billing practices to accommodate those of the Independent Managers.
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
The Firm endeavors to keep abreast of the general and macroeconomic business conditions, changes in the
law, taxation, and various investment and insurance products relevant to its clients. To this end, we review
business publications, seminars, webinars, economic services, tax services, journals, historical data,
computer models, and research materials. These can be prepared by parties other than us, for example,
corporate rating services, inspections of corporate and business activities, the research of economists and
other materials relevant to our services. In addition, the Firm has access and subscribes to a collection of
research and commentary from various economists and market strategists. While we rely on other services
and sources, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. In consideration of the breadth, complexity, and speed at
which information and rules can change, the Firm seeks to stay abreast of nuances as reasonably as possible.
Investment Strategies
As with most investments, there is a tradeoff between the risk of a portfolio and its expected return. Many
types of investment portfolios are considered and utilized by the Firm. The main strategies include “asset
allocation” and “diversification” based on Modern Portfolio Theory and Post-Modern Portfolio Theory,
considering behavioral finance.
The Firm has a sliding scale of asset allocation portfolios based on risk (volatility), expected return, and
account type. Allocating resources to different classes of financial assets, such as stocks, bonds, cash,
sectors, real estate, and commodities, among others, along with each asset segment’s subdivisions, can
generally result in diversification. Diversification can potentially lower certain risks and volatility as
different assets can react differently under various environments.
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Asset allocation portfolios generally utilize historical data to seek to predict an expected risk and expected
return of a particular portfolio but are constructed with an eye to the future. Licensed software providers
assist us in this process. Specific assets within an asset allocation portfolio are generally selected with the
objective of potentially increasing long-term total return given the amount of risk taken, commensurate to
a client’s specific profile, as determined in conjunction with the client’s adviser. The Firm’s goal with its
investment strategy is to strive to exceed the expected return of the asset classes and asset mix utilized, as
this would add value for its clients. Nevertheless, past results and expected returns are not a guarantee of
the future, and actual returns. Accounts managed using the principles of asset allocation and diversification
are not guaranteed and may lose value.
Overall, as part of its supervisory responsibilities, the Firm requires its IARs to operate generally under the
key tenets of Modern Portfolio Theory which include asset allocation and diversification, or a method of
management that is sufficiently described and understood by the Firm. Investment strategies and portfolios
may differ from adviser to adviser, and from client to client, and there is a risk of adverse consequences
due to each adviser’s investment strategy. Each client brings different beliefs and notions to their
relationship with us, and we are sensitive to client needs. Specific client account allocations are determined
according to a client’s risk tolerance profile. As a result, there may be a departure from some or many of
the tenets of Modern Portfolio Theory for a client. Please note, the Firm reserves the right to use discretion
in determining whether or not to work with clients that may not be a good fit, due to investing temperament,
among other factors.
Certain IARs may employ the following strategies/techniques in the management of your portfolio(s):
• Market Timing
•
Sector Rotation
•
Concentrated Positions
Market timing is the strategy of making buy or sell decisions of financial assets by attempting to predict
future market price movements. The prediction may be based on an outlook of the market or economic
conditions resulting from technical or fundamental analysis. This is an investment strategy based on the
outlook for an aggregate market, rather than for a particular financial asset. The risks include, but are not
limited to, the potential for diminished long-term performance, and/or the potential for loss or decline in
investment value that could result from the difficulty in predicting market movement.
Sector rotation is a strategy based on moving investments across business sectors to take advantage of
cyclical trends in the overall economy. Sector rotation can be prompted by fundamental changes in the
economy or within specific industries, or it can be part of a systematic investment strategy that follows
cyclical or seasonal price patterns. The risks include but are not limited to the potential of diminished long-
term performance in any one sector, and/or the potential for loss or decline in investment value that could
result from the difficulty in predicting sector movement.
A Concentrated Position occurs when an investor owns shares of a single security, single type of security
or security invested in a specific sector that represents a large percentage of his or her overall portfolio. The
risks include, but are not limited to, the market risk of not being diversified, as well as business risks that
can be affected by changes in consumer preferences, ineffective management, law changes or new
competition to name a few. As such, the risks can potentially cause a loss or decline in investment value.
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Risk of Loss
There are inherent risks involved for each investment strategy or method of analysis we use and the
particular type of security we recommend. Investing in securities involves risk of loss which you should be
prepared to bear. Depending on the types of securities we invest in, you may face the following investment
risks:
Market Risks
Investing involves risk, including the potential loss of principal, and all investors should be guided
accordingly. The profitability of a significant portion of our recommendations and/or investment decisions
may depend to a great extent upon correctly assessing the future course of price movements of stocks,
bonds, and other asset classes. There can be no assurance that we will be able to predict those price
movements accurately or capitalize on any such assumptions.
Mutual Funds and ETFs
An investment in a mutual fund or ETF involves risk, including the loss of principal. Mutual fund and ETF
shareholders are necessarily subject to the risks stemming from the individual issuers of the fund’s
underlying portfolio securities. Such shareholders are also liable for taxes on any fund-level capital gains,
as mutual funds and ETFs are required by law to distribute capital gains in the event they sell securities for
a profit that cannot be offset by a corresponding loss.
Shares of mutual funds are generally distributed and redeemed on an ongoing basis by the fund itself or a
broker acting on its behalf. The trading price at which a share is transacted is equal to a fund’s stated daily
per share net asset value (“NAV”), plus any shareholders’ fees (e.g., sales loads, purchase fees, redemption
fees). The per share NAV of a mutual fund is calculated at the end of each business day, although the actual
NAV fluctuates with intraday changes to the market value of the fund’s holdings. The trading prices of a
mutual fund’s shares may differ significantly from the NAV during periods of market volatility, which may,
among other factors, lead to the mutual fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to actual NAV.
Shares of ETFs are listed on securities exchanges and transacted at negotiated prices in the secondary
market. Generally, ETF shares trade at or near their most recent NAV, which is generally calculated at least
once daily for indexed based ETFs and potentially more frequently for actively managed ETFs. However,
certain inefficiencies may cause the shares to trade at a premium or discount to their pro rata NAV. There
is also no guarantee that an active secondary market for such shares will develop or continue to exist.
Generally, an ETF only redeems shares when aggregated as creation units (usually 20,000 shares or more).
Therefore, if a liquid secondary market ceases to exist for shares of a particular ETF, a shareholder may
have no way to dispose of such shares.
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Use of Independent Managers
As stated above, we may select certain Independent Managers to manage a portion of its clients’ assets. In
these situations, we continue to conduct ongoing due diligence of such managers, but such
recommendations rely to a great extent on the Independent Managers’ ability to successfully implement
their investment strategies. In addition, we generally may not have the ability to supervise the Independent
Managers on a day-to-day basis.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
We may recommend an investment in, or allocate assets among, various real estate investment trusts
(“REITs”), the shares of which exist in the form of either publicly traded or privately placed securities.
REITs are collective investment vehicles with portfolios comprised primarily of real estate and mortgage
related holdings. Many REITs hold heavy concentrations of investments tied to commercial and/or
residential developments, which inherently subject REIT investors to the risks associated with a downturn
in the real estate market. Investments linked to certain regions that experience greater volatility in the local
real estate market may give rise to large fluctuations in the value of the vehicle’s shares. Mortgage related
holdings may give rise to additional concerns pertaining to interest rates, inflation, liquidity, and counter-
party risk.
Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs)
We may recommend an investment in, or allocate assets among, various exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”).
ETNs are unsecured debt securities which are listed on securities exchanges and transacted at negotiated
prices in the secondary market. ETNs are designed to track the performance of a corresponding benchmark.
An ETN is essentially a contract between an issuer and the ETN holder, whereby the issuer, upon maturity,
agrees to pay an amount relative to the returns of the underlying benchmark. In addition to the risks
associated with the specific benchmark, ETN holders are also subject to various counter-party concerns. In
this respect, the value of an ETN may be adversely impacted by a downgrade to the issuer’s credit rating
and/or an unwillingness or inability of the issuer to perform its contractual obligations.
Option Contracts
We may recommend an investment in or allocate assets in option contracts. Investments in options contracts
have the risk of losing value in a relatively short period of time. Option contracts are leveraged instruments
that allow the holder of a single contract to control many shares of an underlying stock. This leverage can
compound gains or losses.
Legal and Regulatory Matters Risks
Legal developments which may adversely impact investing and investment-related activities can occur at
any time. “Legal Developments” means changes and other developments concerning foreign, as well as US
federal, state and local laws and regulations, including adoption of new laws and regulations, amendment
or repeal of existing laws and regulations, and changes in enforcement or interpretation of existing laws
and regulations by governmental regulatory authorities and self-regulatory organizations (such as the SEC,
the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Internal Revenue Service, the US Federal Reserve
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and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority). Our management of accounts may be adversely affected
by the legal and/or regulatory consequences of transactions effected for the accounts. Accounts may also
be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by
governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.
System Failures and Reliance on Technology Risks
Our investment strategies, operations, research, communications, risk management, and back-office
systems rely on technology, including hardware, software, telecommunications, internet-based platforms,
and other electronic systems. Additionally, parts of the technology used are provided by third parties and
are, therefore, beyond our direct control. We seek to ensure adequate backups of hardware, software,
telecommunications, internet-based platforms, and other electronic systems, when possible, but there is no
guarantee that our efforts will be successful. In addition, natural disasters, power interruptions and other
events may cause system failures, which will require the use of backup systems (both on- and off-site).
Backup systems may not operate as well as the systems that they back up and may fail to properly operate,
especially when used for an extended period. To reduce the impact a system failure may have, we
continually evaluate our backup and disaster recovery systems and perform periodic checks on the backup
systems’ conditions and operations. Despite our monitoring, hardware, telecommunications, or other
electronic systems malfunctions may be unavoidable, and result in consequences such as the inability to
trade for or monitor client accounts and portfolios. If such circumstances arise, the Investment Committee
will consider appropriate measures for clients.
Cybersecurity Risk
A portfolio is susceptible to operational and information security risks due to the increased use of the
internet. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyberattacks
include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining
unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices through “hacking” or other means for the purpose of
misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption.
Cybersecurity failures or breaches by third-party service providers may cause disruptions and impact on
the service providers’ and our business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability to
transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational
damage, reimbursement, or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. While we have
established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to prevent or reduce the
impact of such cyberattacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems due in part to the
everchanging nature of technology and cyberattack tactics.
Pandemic Risks
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus rapidly became a pandemic and has resulted in disruptions to the
economies of many nations, individual companies, and the markets in general, the impact of which cannot
necessarily be foreseen at the time. This created closed borders, quarantines, supply chain disruptions and
general anxiety, negatively impacting global markets in an unforeseeable manner. The impact of the novel
coronavirus and other such future infectious diseases in certain regions or countries may be greater or less
due to the nature or level of their public health response or due to other factors. Health crises caused by the
coronavirus outbreak and future infectious diseases may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social, and
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economic risks in certain countries. The impact of such health crises may be quick, severe and of
unknowable duration. These pandemics and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future
could result in continued volatility in the financial markets and could have a negative impact on investment
performance.
The above list of risk factors does not purport to be a complete list or explanation of the risks involved in
an investment strategy. You are encouraged to consult your IAR and tax professional on an initial and
continuous basis in connection with selecting and engaging in the services provided by us. In addition, due
to the dynamic nature of investments and markets, strategies may be subject to additional and different risk
factors not discussed above.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
We have not been involved in any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client’s evaluation of
its advisory business or the integrity of its management.
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Neither our Firm nor any of our management persons (except as disclosed below), are registered, nor do
we have an application pending to register as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator,
commodity trading advisor or as an associated person of the foregoing entities.
In addition, neither our Firm nor any of our management persons have any arrangement that is material to
our advisory business or to our clients that we or any of our management persons have with any related
person that is under common control and ownership, i.e., a:
Investment company or other pooled investment vehicle,
• Broker-dealer, municipal securities dealer, or government securities dealer or broker,
•
• Other investment adviser or financial planner,
• Futures commission merchant (or commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor),
• Banking or thrift institution,
• Accountant or accounting firm,
• Lawyer or law firm,
Insurance company or agency,
•
• Pension consultant,
• Real estate broker or dealer, or
• Sponsor or syndicator of limited partnerships.
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Registered Representatives of a Broker/Dealer
Several of the Firm’s IARs are registered representatives of OWI and may provide clients with securities
brokerage services under a separate commission-based arrangement. This arrangement is described in Item
5.
Licensed Insurance Agents
A number of the Firm’s IARs are licensed insurance agents and may offer certain insurance products on a
fully disclosed commissionable basis. A conflict of interest exists to the extent that we recommend the
purchase of insurance products where our IAR may be entitled to insurance commissions or other additional
compensation. The Firm has procedures in place whereby it seeks to ensure that all recommendations are
made in its clients’ best interest regardless of any such affiliations.
Item 11. Code of Ethics
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics in compliance with applicable securities laws (“Code of Ethics”) that sets
forth the standards of conduct expected of its Supervised Persons. Our Code of Ethics contains written
policies reasonably designed to prevent certain unlawful practices such as the use of material non-public
information by the Firm or any of its Supervised Persons and trading by the same of securities ahead of
clients in order to take advantage of pending orders.
The Code of Ethics also requires certain of our personnel to report their personal securities holdings and
transactions and obtain pre-approval of certain investments (e.g., initial public offerings, limited offerings).
However, the Firm’s Supervised Persons are permitted to buy or sell securities that it also recommends to
clients if done in a fair and equitable manner that is consistent with the Firm’s policies and procedures. This
Code of Ethics has been established recognizing that some securities trade in sufficiently broad markets to
permit transactions by certain personnel to be completed without any appreciable impact on the markets of
such securities. Therefore, under limited circumstances, exceptions may be made to the policies stated
below.
When the Firm is engaging in or considering a transaction in any security on behalf of a client, no
Supervised Person with access to this information may knowingly effect for themselves or for their
immediate family (i.e., spouse, minor children and adults living in the same household) a transaction in that
security unless:
•
the transaction has been completed,
•
the transaction for the Supervised Person is completed as part of a batch trade with clients, or
•
a decision has been made not to engage in the transaction for the client.
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Transactions for Supervised Person or immediate family member made during last 30 minutes of trading is
allowed.
These requirements are not applicable to: (i) direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (ii)
money market instruments, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper,
repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase
agreements; (iii) shares issued by mutual funds or money market funds; and (iv) shares issued by unit
investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more mutual funds.
Clients and prospective clients can contact UFA to request a copy of its Code of Ethics.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Neither our Firm nor any of our Supervised Persons have any material financial interest in client
transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this Disclosure Brochure.
Files of securities transactions effected for our IARs will be maintained for review should there be a conflict
of interest. Our Chief Compliance Officer (CCO), or his designee, will review all securities transactions of
our IARs to ensure no conflicts exist with client executions. To mitigate conflicts of interest, all our
employees must comply with our Firm’s Compliance Manual and Code of Ethics, which imposes disclosure
requirements on the purchase or sale of securities for their own accounts and the accounts of certain related
persons.
Our Firm does not execute transactions on a principal or agency cross basis.
Personal Trading
Neither our Firm nor any of our Supervised Persons associated with our Firm may buy or sell the same
securities that we recommend to you or securities in which you are already invested. A conflict of interest
exists in such cases because we can trade ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than
you will receive. To address this conflict of interest, all personal securities accounts are reviewed at least
quarterly for compliance with our Firm’s Code of Ethics, as previously discussed.
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Recommendation of Broker/Dealers for Client Transactions
For investment management clients, we recommend that clients utilize the custody, brokerage and clearing
services of Osaic Wealth, Inc. (“OWI”), and Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) for investment
management accounts. We participate in the institutional customer program offered by Schwab. Schwab,
member FINRA/SIPC/NFA, an unaffiliated SEC-registered broker-dealer and FINRA member. Schwab
offers independent investment advisers services which include custody of securities, trade execution,
clearance, and settlement of transactions. We receive some benefits from Schwab through its participation
in these services. These Financial Institution Custodians provide institutional platform services to the Firm.
Institutional platform services include custody of securities, trade execution, clearance, and settlement of
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transactions.
Factors which we consider in recommending OWI, Schwab, or any other broker-dealer to clients include
their respective financial strength, reputation, execution, pricing, research, and service. The Financial
Institutions recommended by the Firm may enable the Firm to obtain many mutual funds without
transaction charges and other securities at nominal or no transaction charges. The commissions and/or
transaction fees charged by the Financial Institutions recommended by the Firm may be higher or lower
than those charged by other Financial Institutions.
The commissions paid by our clients to OWI, and/or Schwab comply with the Firm’s duty to obtain “best
execution.” Clients pay commissions that are higher than another qualified Financial Institution might
charge to effect the same transaction where we determine that the commissions are reasonable in relation
to the value of the brokerage and research services received. In seeking best execution, the determinative
factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution,
taking into consideration the full range of a Financial Institution’s services, including among others, the
value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates and responsiveness. We seek
competitive rates but may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for client
transactions.
We do not have formal soft dollar arrangements. However, we may receive some research because client
assets are custody at Schwab. Such research generally will be used to service all of the Firm’s clients, but
brokerage commissions paid by one client may be used to pay for research that is not used in managing that
client’s portfolio. The receipt of investment research products and/or services as well as the allocation of
the benefit of such investment research products and/or services poses a conflict of interest because we do
not have to produce or pay for the products or services.
We periodically and systematically review its policies and procedures regarding its recommendation of
Financial Institutions in light of its duty to obtain best execution.
Software and Support Provided by Financial Institutions
We may receive, without cost, from the Financial Institution Custodians it recommends, computer software,
related systems support, and other economic benefits. We receive these benefits because our Firm renders
investment management services to clients that maintain assets at those Financial Institutions.
Specifically, we receive the following benefits from the Financial Institutions:
• Receipt of duplicate client confirmations and bundled duplicate statements,
• Access to a trading desk that exclusively services its institutional traders,
• Access to block trading which provides the ability to aggregate securities transactions and then
allocate the appropriate shares to client accounts,
• Access to an electronic communication network for client order entry and account information,
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and
• Third-party research, publications, access to educational conferences, roundtables, webinars, and
practice management resources.
The Firm also has the ability to deduct advisory fees directly from client accounts; access to an electronic
communications network for client order entry and account information; access to mutual funds with no
transaction fees and to certain institutional money managers; and has discounts on compliance, marketing,
research, technology, and practice management products or services provided to the Firm by third-party
vendors.
Some of the products and services made available by Schwab through the program can benefit us but not
our clients. These products or services assist us in managing and administering client accounts, including
accounts not maintained at Schwab. Other services made available by Schwab are intended to help us
manage and further develop its business enterprise. The benefits received by our participation in the
program do not depend on the amount of brokerage transactions directed to Schwab.
The benefits the Firm receives from Financial Institutions it recommends are not provided in connection
with clients’ securities transactions (i.e., not “soft dollars”). The software, related systems support, and
other economic benefits benefit us, but not its clients directly. In fulfilling our duties to its clients, we
endeavor always to put the interests of our clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that our receipt
of economic benefits from a Financial Institution creates a conflict of interest since these benefits influence
the Firm’s choice of one Financial Institution over another that does not furnish similar software, systems
support, or services.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not consider, in selecting or recommending broker/dealers, whether the Firm receives client referrals
from the Financial Institutions or other third parties.
Directed Brokerage
We do not have directed brokerage arrangements.
Commissions or Sales Charges for Recommendations of Securities
As discussed above, certain Supervised Persons in their respective individual capacities are registered
representatives of OWI. These Supervised Persons are subject to FINRA Rule 3040 which restricts
registered representatives from conducting securities transactions away from their broker-dealer unless
OWI provides written consent. Therefore, clients are advised that certain Supervised Persons may be
restricted to conducting securities transactions through OWI if they have not secured written consent from
SAI to execute securities transactions though a different broker-dealer. Absent such written consent or
separation from OWI, these Supervised Persons are prohibited from executing securities transactions
through any broker/dealer other than OWI under its internal supervisory policies. The Firm is aware of our
duty to obtain best execution and has implemented policies and procedures reasonably designed in such
pursuit.
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Trade Aggregation
Transactions for each client generally will be effected independently unless we decide to purchase or sell
the same securities for several clients at approximately the same time. We may (but are not obligated to)
combine or “batch” such orders to obtain best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates or
to allocate equitably among the Firm’s clients differences in prices and commissions or other transaction
costs that might not have been obtained had such orders been placed independently. Under this procedure,
transactions will generally be averaged as to price and allocated among our clients on pro rata to the
purchase and sale orders placed for each client on any given day. To the extent that the Firm determines to
aggregate client orders for the purchase or sale of securities, including securities in which our Supervised
Persons may invest, the Firm generally does so in accordance with applicable rules promulgated under the
Advisers Act and no-action guidance provided by the staff of the SEC. We do not receive any additional
compensation or remuneration as a result of the aggregation.
In the event that the Firm determines that a prorated allocation is not appropriate under the particular
circumstances, the allocation will be made based upon other relevant factors, which may include: (i) when
only a small percentage of the order is executed, shares may be allocated to the account with the smallest
order or the smallest position or to an account that is out of line with respect to security or sector weightings
relative to other portfolios, with similar mandates; (ii) allocations may be given to one account when one
account has limitations in its investment guidelines which prohibit it from purchasing other securities which
are expected to produce similar investment results and can be purchased by other accounts; (iii) if an
account reaches an investment guideline limit and cannot participate in an allocation, shares may be
reallocated to other accounts (this may be due to unforeseen changes in an account’s assets after an order
is placed); (iv) with respect to sale allocations, allocations may be given to accounts low in cash; (v) in
cases when a pro rata allocation of a potential execution would result in a de minimis allocation in one or
more accounts, the Firm may exclude the account(s) from the allocation; the transactions may be executed
on a pro rata basis among the remaining accounts; or (vi) in cases where a small proportion of an order is
executed in all accounts, shares may be allocated to one or more accounts on a random basis.
Administrative Trade Errors
From time-to-time, we may make an error in submitting a trade order on the client’s behalf. Trading errors
may include several situations, such as:
• The wrong security is bought or sold for a client,
• A security is bought instead of sold,
• A transaction is executed for the wrong account,
• Securities transactions are completed for a client that had a restriction on such security, or
• Securities are allocated to the wrong accounts.
When this occurs, we place a correcting trade with the broker/dealer which has custody of the client’s
account. If an investment gain results from the correcting trade, the gain will remain in the client’s account
unless the same error involved other client account(s) that should have received the gain, it is not
permissible for the client to retain the gain, or we confer with the client and the client decides to forego the
gain (e.g., due to tax reasons). If the gain does not remain in the client’s account, Schwab will donate the
amount of any gain $100 and over to charity. If a loss occurs greater than $100, we will pay for the loss.
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Schwab will maintain the loss or gain (if such gain is not retained in the client’s account) if it is under $100
to minimize and offset its administrative time and expense. Generally, if related trade errors result in both
gains and losses in the client’s account, they may be netted.
Item 13. Review of Accounts
Account Reviews
We monitor client portfolios on a continuous and ongoing basis while regular account reviews are
conducted on at least a quarterly basis. Such reviews are conducted by the Firm’s IARs. All investment
advisory clients are encouraged to discuss their needs, goals, and objectives with us and to keep the Firm
informed of any changes thereto. The Firm contacts ongoing investment advisory clients at least annually
to review its previous services and/or recommendations and to discuss the impact resulting from any
changes in the client’s financial situation and/or investment objectives.
Account Statements and Reports
Clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and regular summary account statements directly
from the Financial Institutions where their assets are custodied. From time-to-time or as otherwise
requested, clients may also receive written or electronic reports from us and/or an outside service provider,
which contain certain account and/or market-related information, such as an inventory of account holdings
or account performance. Clients have an obligation to review statements received from the Custodians to
review and verify activities including contributions and distributions reported in accounts. Clients should
compare the account statements they receive from their custodian with any documents or reports they
receive from us or an outside service provider. If any discrepancies are noted, clients should immediately
report their findings to us, their IAR or the custodian. Failure to timely report discrepancies may result in
the forfeiture of any corrective actions by the custodian.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Client Referrals
We do not have any arrangement under which we, or a related person, directly or indirectly compensate
any person who is not our supervised person or receive compensation from another for client referrals.
However, UFA and its related persons do receive compensation from third parties in connection with
advisory services provided to clients. From time to time, custodians, mutual fund companies or the
managers of mutual funds sponsor pay for client luncheons, or other events, that the Firm hosts. These
arrangements may give rise to conflicts of interest, or perceived conflicts of interest in that the Firm has an
incentive to invest client assets in mutual funds companies that provide such benefits to the Firm. The
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Firm’s commitment to its clients and the policies and procedures it has adopted that require the review of
such arrangements by the CCO are designed to limit any interference with the Firm’s independent decision
making when choosing the best mutual funds, or other investments, for our clients.
Broker/Dealer Affiliation with Osaic Wealth
We and our IARs have engaged the services of OWI as its broker/dealer. Any additional payments to the
IARs in their capacities as registered representatives of OWI may present a conflict of interest in that the
IARs have a financial incentive to maintain a relationship with OWI.
UFA advisory accounts are not required to be custodied or traded with OWI.
Other Compensation
We receive economic benefit from our custodian (Schwab) in the form of the support products and services
it makes available to us. You do not pay more for assets maintained at the custodian as a result of these
arrangements. However, we benefit from the arrangements because the cost of these services would
otherwise be borne directly by us. You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting a
custodian. The products and services provided by our custodian, how they benefit us, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above under Item 12 Brokerage Practices. The availability of our
custodian’s products and services are not based on us giving particular investment advice, such as buying
particular securities for our clients.
Item 15. Custody
The Advisory Agreement and/or the separate agreement with any Financial Institution generally authorize
us and/or the Independent Managers to debit client accounts for payment of the Firm’s fees and to directly
remit those funds to the Firm in accordance with applicable custody rules. The Financial Institutions that
act as the qualified custodian for client accounts, from which the Firm retains the authority to directly deduct
fees, have agreed to send statements to clients not less than quarterly detailing all account transactions,
including any amounts paid to us.
In addition, as discussed in Item 13, we may also send periodic supplemental reports to clients. Clients
should carefully review the statements sent directly by the Financial Institutions and compare them to those
received from us.
Certain client accounts, at the clients’ request, have a Standing Letter of Authorization (“SLOA”)
arrangement with the custodian, allowing us to give instructions on direct transfer of funds between client
accounts. Current SEC policy deems this to fall under the definition of custody. All such transfers are
closely monitored and regulatory audited in accordance with SEC standards to assure that no funds are
misdirected or misappropriated. Your custodian will inform you directly of all transfers made under this
kind of arrangement. Clients should contact their custodian(s) and notify us without delay if clients do not
receive regular independent statements from the custodians or suspect of any unauthorized access to the
accounts(s).
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Under government regulations, we are deemed to have custody of a client’s assets if the client authorizes
us to instruct the custodians to deduct our advisory fees directly from the client’s account. This is the case
for accounts custodied at Schwab. The custodians maintain actual custody of clients’ assets. Clients receive
account statements directly from the respective custodian at least quarterly. They will be sent to the email
or postal mailing address the client provides to the Custodian. Clients have an obligation to review
statements received from the Custodian to review and verify activities including contributions and
distributions reported in accounts. Clients should compare the account statements they receive from their
custodian with any documents or reports they receive from us or an outside service provider. If any
discrepancies are noted, clients should immediately report their findings to us, their IAR or the custodian.
Failure to timely report discrepancies may result in the forfeiture of any corrective actions by the custodian.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
In our agreements, we are given the authority to exercise discretion on behalf of clients. We exercise
investment discretion over a client’s account if it can effect and/or direct transactions in client accounts
without first seeking their consent. We are given this authority through a power-of-attorney included in the
agreement between us and the client. Clients may request a limitation on this authority (such as certain
securities not to be bought or sold). We take discretion over the following activities:
• The securities to be purchased or sold,
• The amount of securities to be purchased or sold,
• When transactions are made, and
• The Independent Managers to be hired or fired.
For non-discretionary asset management, we provide investment recommendations but require the client’s
approval to proceed. Clients make the ultimate decision regarding the purchase or sale of investments.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
Proxy Voting
We do not accept or have the authority to vote proxies on your behalf. Our client advisory agreements, or
other client documents, provide that our advisory clients expressly retain the authority and responsibility
for voting proxies of portfolio securities. We may provide advisory clients with administrative assistance
regarding proxy voting or issues; however, you have the responsibility to receive and vote any proxies.
Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from the custodian or have them sent to our
office. Nevertheless, we have no obligation to vote on the clients’ behalf. Clients should contact the
custodian with questions about a particular solicitation. Clients can contact us, and we can facilitate contact
with the custodian regarding proxy solicitations.
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Nothing in this Disclosure Brochure may be interpreted to limit or modify our fiduciary duties to our clients
and nothing in this Disclosure Brochure shall be deemed a waiver of any right or remedy that a client may
have under federal or state securities laws. Federal and state securities laws impose liabilities under certain
circumstances on persons who act in good faith.
Class Actions
In addition, as a general policy, we do not elect to participate in class action lawsuits on behalf of a client.
Rather, such decisions shall remain with the client or with an entity the client designates. We may assist in
determining whether they should pursue a particular class action lawsuit by assisting with the development
of an applicable cost-benefit analysis, for example. However, the final determination of whether to
participate, and the completion and tracking of any such related documentation, shall rest with the client.
Item 18. Financial Information
We are not required to disclose any financial information due to the following:
• The Firm does not require or solicit the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees six months or more
in advance of services rendered,
• The Firm does not take custody of client funds or securities,
• The Firm does not have a financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet
contractual commitments to clients, and
• The Firm has not currently, nor have been, at any time the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
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PRIVACY POLICY
Commitment to Privacy
Clients of UFA share both personal and financial information. Privacy is important to us, and we are
dedicated to safeguarding your information.
Information Provided by Clients
Information regarding securities transactions, and
In the normal course of business, we typically obtain the following information about clients:
• Personal identity information such as name, address, and social security number,
•
• Financial information such as net-worth, assets, income, bank account information, and account
balances.
How UFA Manages and Preserves Personal Information
We do not sell information about current or former clients to third parties. It is not a practice of UFA to
disclose such information to third parties unless requested to do so by a client, client representative, or if
necessary, in order to process a transaction, service an account, or manner permitted by law. In addition,
we may share information with outside companies contracted to perform administrative services. Our
contractual arrangements with service providers require them to treat your information as confidential.
In order to preserve your personal information, we maintain physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards.
Our Privacy Policy restricts the use of client information and requires that it be held in strict confidence.
Client Notifications
We are required by law to annually provide a notice describing our privacy policy. In addition, we will
inform you promptly if there are changes to our policy. Please do not hesitate to contact us with questions
about this notice.
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