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PROTECTING CAPITAL. BUILDING WEALTH.
Vigilare Wealth Management, LLC
8585 East Hartford Drive, Suite 113
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
Phone Number: (480) 636-8292
www.vigilarewealth.com
ADV Part 2A
Date of Brochure March 22, 2025
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and investment advisory business practices of
Vigilare Wealth Management, LLC (“VWM” or “Firm”). If you have any questions about the contents of this
brochure, please contact us at (480) 636-8292. The information in this brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or by any state securities
authority.
Additional information about our investment advisory business is also available on the Internet at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can view our information on this website by searching for “Vigilare Wealth
Management, LLC”. You can also search using the firm’s CRD number. The CRD number for our firm is
157663.
*Registration as an investment advisor does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2 – Material Changes
Summary of Material Changes
The following material changes have occurred since our last annual update, dated March 17,2024:
• No material changes to report.
Clients and prospective clients can always receive the most current Disclosure Brochure for Vigilare Wealth
Management, LLC at any time by contacting Jason Polit at (480) 636-8292. You can also download it from
the SEC Website.
We encourage you to read this document in its entirety.
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Item 3 – Table of Contents
Item 2 – Material Changes ........................................................................................................................... 2
Summary of Material Changes ................................................................................................................. 2
Item 3 – Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4 – Advisory Business .......................................................................................................................... 5
General Description of Primary Advisory Services ................................................................................... 5
Financial Oversight and Recordkeeping Services .................................................................................... 5
Integrated Wealth Management Services ................................................................................................ 5
Investment Management Services ........................................................................................................... 6
Third-Party Investment Managers ............................................................................................................ 6
Trustee Services ...................................................................................................................................... 7
General Information About Your Account ................................................................................................ 7
Description of Investment Types .............................................................................................................. 8
Advisory Services Tailored to Individual Needs of Clients ....................................................................... 9
Administrative Services Provided by Black Diamond ............................................................................... 9
Nitrogen (Formerly RISKALYZE) ............................................................................................................. 9
Wrap Fee Programs ............................................................................................................................... 10
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation .............................................................................................................. 10
Investment Management Services ........................................................................................................ 10
Trustee Services .................................................................................................................................... 11
Third Party Investment Manager Fees ................................................................................................... 11
Accounts not in Asset Management Services ........................................................................................ 11
General Information Regarding Fees ..................................................................................................... 11
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ......................................................... 12
Item 7 – Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................ 12
Minimum Investment Amounts Required ............................................................................................... 13
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ..................................................... 13
Primary Method of Analysis .................................................................................................................... 13
Investment Strategies ............................................................................................................................. 14
Use of Alternative Investments ............................................................................................................... 14
Risk of Loss ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................ 16
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ..................................................................... 16
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ............................... 17
Employee Personal Securities Transactions Disclosure ........................................................................ 17
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Item 12 – Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................... 18
How we select brokers/custodians ......................................................................................................... 18
Item 13 – Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................... 21
Account Reviews and Reviewers ........................................................................................................... 21
Statements and Reports ........................................................................................................................ 21
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................................... 21
Client Referrals ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Client Referrals and Other Compensation ............................................................................................. 21
Item 15 – Custody ...................................................................................................................................... 21
Standing Letters of Authorization ........................................................................................................... 22
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 22
Discretionary Trading Authorization ....................................................................................................... 22
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 23
Item 18 – Financial Information .................................................................................................................. 23
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
Vigilare Wealth Management, LLC is an investment advisor registered with the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and is a Limited Liability Company formed under the laws of the State
of Arizona.
Vigilare Wealth Management, LLC has been registered as an Investment Advisory Firm since June 7, 2011,
and is jointly owned and managed by Jason S. Polit and Zeljko J. Zdrale.
General Description of Primary Advisory Services
Vigilare Wealth Management, LLC is an independent fee-based Registered Investment Advisor. We
designed Vigilare Wealth Management, LLC with a single goal in mind: To protect and grow our clients’
wealth to the best of our ability.
Vigilare Wealth Management, LLC (“VWM”) offers clients a comprehensive range of services (each a
“Service” and collectively the “Services”) that support both short and long-term goals. VWM acts as the
central point of contact for the various Services in carrying out the objectives of the Client. Upon execution
of a power of attorney (“POA”), VWM may engage, hire, retain, and employ, in the name and for the Account
of Client, such lawyers, accountants, and other professionals as are necessary in the ordinary course of
performing Services on behalf of Client.
Depending upon the needs and objectives of the Client, VWM’s Services may include some or all of the
following Services:
Financial Oversight and Recordkeeping Services
Expense Oversight:
i.
This Service includes gathering agreements, contracts, and invoices that require regular payment and
organizing these invoices into payment schedules, establishing checking accounts and other types of
accounts needed to pay these invoices and coordinating payment. These payments may include quarterly
tax payments, insurance payments, distributions to shareholders, mortgage payments, management fees
and other payments.
Cash Flow Oversight:
ii.
This Service includes developing twelve (12)-month cash flow projections, updating cash flow projections
on a monthly basis, and the validation of cash inflow and outflows against supporting documentation.
Record Management and Retention:
iii.
This Service includes creating the documents and files necessary to support the operation of a family office
as required including maintaining a general ledger and account records and other files as needed.
Integrated Wealth Management Services
With a comprehensive view of your financial and lifestyle requirements, we work with you to establish wealth
transfer and tax minimization plans to help assure family continuity and governance, address executive
compensation and benefits issues, and formulate a strategic financial plan and other wealth management
strategies.
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Client acknowledges that he/she/it is under no obligation to implement any recommendations made by VWM
as part of a financial plan, either independently or through VWM or its affiliates. If Client wishes to implement
any such recommendations, Client may select any brokerage firm, private investment firm, insurance
agency, broker, or carrier, bank, or any other financial Service institution to implement Client’s decisions.
Should Client choose to implement such recommendations through VWM and/or its affiliates, Client should
realize that this presents a conflict of interest in that VWM will charge separate fees for implementing such
recommendations (see “Investment Oversight Services” below), and consequently, the objectivity of the
advice rendered to Client could be biased. Furthermore, Client understands that investment adviser
representatives (“IARs”) of VWM and/or its affiliates sell insurance products in their separate capacities as
independent insurance agents for firms not affiliated with VWM. When these IARs implement insurance
transactions in these separate capacities, they earn additional compensation. This presents a conflict of
interest since IARs could earn fees and commissions for implementing recommendations made as part of
a financial plan. Client understands that he/she/it is free to select any insurance agent or insurance provider
they wish to implement any recommendations.
We may advise a Client about legacy positions or other investments in Client portfolios. Clients can limit or
restrict our trading in these positions.
Investment Management Services
Our Investment Management Services are based on a dynamic asset allocation strategy. Through this
service, VWM implements a customized and individualized investment program for clients by applying our
investment philosophy with ongoing discretionary supervision over client accounts. This means that we will
continuously monitor your account and make trades in your account when necessary. When discretionary
authority is provided by the client, we will not be required to contact you prior to making investment decisions.
Third-Party Investment Managers
We may utilize unaffiliate, independent third-party investment managers (“TPIMs”) to manage some or all
of Client assets if we determine such action to be in the best interest of the Client. When recommending
Client to a TPIM, the Firm will (i) gather such information as investment objectives, risk tolerance, investment
guidelines, time horizons and other important and necessary information relating to the Client’s assets; (ii)
based upon such information, determine appropriate allocations of Client’s assets; and (iii) recommend one
or more TPIMs whose management style and strategies are consistent with Client’s objectives and financial
profile.
Clients may be required to enter into an advisory agreement with a TPIM, which will be in addition to and,
and distinct from the agreement with VWM. TPIMs will typically have discretionary authority over the assets
allocated for management and are authorized to buy, sell, and trade in securities in accordance with the
Client’s investment objectives and/or selected investment strategy. VWM shall provide information and/or
documentation to the TPIM relative to the Client’s investment objective(s), initially when the Client account
is opened, and anytime the Client informs the Firm of any change to their investment objectives. VWM’s
fees typically include those fees associated with allocating Client assets to designated TPIMs. Please refer
to the “Fees” section in Item 5 below for important fee information.
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Trustee Services
Upon client request, VWM provides Trustee services, including Personal CFO/Executive Services, Tax and
Accounting Services, Real Estate Services, Executive and Family Assistance, Philanthropic Support, Estate
and Gift Planning and Trustee Services. These services are offered under separate engagement and Clients
will need to enter into separate agreements for these services.
Disclosure Regarding Rollover Recommendations
We are fiduciaries under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and when we provide investment advice to
you regarding your retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are also fiduciaries within
the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code,
as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. We have to act in your best interest and not
put our interest ahead of yours. At the same time, the way we make money creates some conflicts with your
interests.
A client or prospect leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing retirement plan
(and may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if
permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted,
(iii) rollover to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account value (which could,
depending upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax consequences). Our Firm may recommend an
investor roll over plan assets to an IRA for which our Firm provides investment advisory services. As a
result, our Firm and its representatives may earn an asset-based fee. In contrast, a recommendation that a
client or prospective client leave their plan assets with their previous employer or roll over the assets to a
plan sponsored by a new employer will generally result in no compensation to our Firm. Our Firm therefore
has an economic incentive to encourage a client to roll plan assets into an IRA that our Firm will manage,
which presents a conflict of interest. To mitigate the conflict of interest, there are various factors that our
Firm will consider before recommending a rollover, including but not limited to: (i) the investment options
available in the plan versus the investment options available in an IRA, (ii) fees and expenses in the plan
versus the fees and expenses in an IRA, (iii) the services and responsiveness of the plan’s investment
professionals versus those of our Firm, (iv) protection of assets from creditors and legal judgments, (v)
required minimum distributions and age considerations, and (vi) employer stock tax consequences, if any.
Our Firm’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective
client has regarding the oversight.
General Information About Your Account
Prior to engaging VWM to provide investment management services, the client will be required to enter into
a formal investment advisory agreement setting forth the terms and conditions, including the amount of the
investment management fee, under which we shall manage the client’s assets. Clients will also need to
enter into a separate custodial/clearing agreement with a broker/dealer and/or custodian selected by
Vigilare Wealth Management, LLC.
Our discretionary asset management services will only be provided through accounts at broker/dealer(s)
selected by VWM. The selected broker/dealer(s) provide custody, clearing, and other brokerage services
including regular basic statement reporting. Clients will be required to establish a brokerage account(s)
through this broker/dealer for all discretionary asset management services. VWM will be granted limited
power-of-attorney over all discretionary accounts in order to effect trades and, when agreed upon by the
client, to deduct advisory service fees. A separate account is always maintained for each client and the
client retains all rights of ownership to their accounts (e. g. right to withdraw securities or cash, exercise, or
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delegate proxy voting, and receive transaction confirmations).
Please refer to Item 12 – Brokerage Practices for further information on VWM’s relationship with
Custodians.
Description of Investment Types
We provide investment advice on the following types of investments.
• Exchange-listed securities (i.e., stocks and exchange-traded funds)
• Securities traded over the counter
• Foreign issues
• Warrants
• Corporate debt securities (other than commercial paper)
• Commercial Paper and Certificates of deposit
• Municipal securities
• Mutual fund shares
• United States government securities
• Option and derivative contacts on securities, commodities, or currencies
Interests in partnerships investing in real estate, oil, and gas interests.
•
We may also periodically invest in leveraged ETFs. Leveraged ETFs seek a multiple of the return of a
benchmark for a single day only. Leveraged ETFs are riskier than other alternatives that do not use
leverage. We invest in leveraged ETFs in order to magnify the performance of an index, and thus, seek
greater profits (of course, losses are magnified too). These positions will be actively monitored and
rebalanced on a regular basis to maintain consistent exposure. Rebalancing does not guarantee specific
future results and may result in investment losses.
We have indicated the types of investments we typically provide advice on, but we reserve the right to advise
clients on any other type of investment that we deem appropriate based on the client’s stated goals and
objectives. We may also provide advice on any type of investment held in a client’s portfolio at the inception
of the advisory relationship or on any investment on which the client requests advice.
We do not provide advice on Variable Life Insurance, Variable Annuities or futures contracts on tangibles
or intangibles.
Portfolios managed under our advisory services will typically be constructed using national market listed
cash, stocks, exchange traded funds, closed ended funds, individual bonds, open-ended mutual funds. We
may increase cash holdings, deploy short selling strategies or alternative investments as deemed
appropriate, based on a client’s indicated tolerance for risk, our expectations of market behavior, and/or for
risk management purposes.
Conflicts may arise in the allocation of investment opportunities among accounts managed. We strive to
allocate investment opportunities deemed appropriate for your account(s) and other accounts advised by
the firm equitably and consistent with the best interests of all accounts involved. However, there can be no
assurance that a particular investment opportunity will be shared in any particular manner. If VWM obtains
material, non-public information about a security or its issuer that may not lawfully be used or disclosed,
we have absolutely no obligation to disclose the information to any client or use it for any client’s benefit.
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Advisory Services Tailored to Individual Needs of Clients
Our services are provided based on the individual needs of each client. We work with each client on a one-
on-one basis using interviews and data gathering forms to determine a client’s investment objectives,
financial resources and constraints, potential adverse tax consequences, attitudes towards market volatility,
tolerance for potential market losses, and other suitability information. Clients are given the ability to request
restrictions or preferences on the accounts we manage; including but not limited to, cash management
needs, tax sensitivity, coordination with held-away assets, restrictions, or preferences for specific companies
and/or sectors.
While our advisory services are tailored to you as an individual, recommended products may use a multi-
fund manager approach which makes it difficult to ensure that your portfolio will not invest in a particular
industry or security. However, we are happy to discuss your preferences and will effort to accommodate
them.
Clients are responsible for timely notification to VWM of any changes to their financial situation or investment
objectives and if the client would like to impose and/or modify any reasonable restrictions on the management
of his/her accounts.
Administrative Services Provided by Black Diamond
Our Firm has contracted with Black Diamond to utilize its technology platforms to support data
reconciliation, performance reporting, fee calculation and billing, client database maintenance,
quarterly performance evaluations, payable reports, and other functions related to the administrative
tasks of managing client accounts. Due to this arrangement, Black Diamond will have access to
client information, but Black Diamond will not serve as an investment adviser to our clients. Our Firm
and Black Diamond are non-affiliated companies. Black Diamond charges our Firm an annual fee
for each account administered by Black Diamond. Please note that the fee charged to the client will
not increase due to the annual fee our firm pays to Black Diamond, the annual fee is paid from the
portion of the management fee retained by our Firm.
There may be a possibility for price or account value discrepancies due to quarter-end transactions
in an account. Dividends or trade date settlements may occur and our third-party billing software
may report a slight difference in account valuation at quarter end compared to what is reported on
your Statement from the Custodian. Our firm has the ability to produce billing summaries, which can
be provided upon request.
Nitrogen (Formerly RISKALYZE)
To further fine-tune our understanding of a client’s risk tolerance, our Firm utilizes Nitrogen, a third-
party vendor tool, to assist in identifying the client’s risk tolerance.
Nitrogen technology assists financial planners in two critical tasks: (1) measuring the risk preferences
of investors and (2) applying these preference measurements to portfolio selection. Nitrogen
summarizes an investor’s mean-variance risk aversion on a 99-point scale. In connection with this
output, the Nitrogen tool “quantifies” the client’s indicated investment risk tolerance through the
illustration of expected return (plus/minus) and investment volatility (investment variance), which
uses past data to calculate expected variance.
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Wrap Fee Programs
We do not place client assets into a wrap fee program.
Assets
The number of clients’ assets managed by Vigilare Wealth Management; LLC totaled $ 315,246,629 as of
December 31, 2024. $305,781,887 are managed on a discretionary basis and $9,464,742 are managed
on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
Investment Management Services
VWM fee schedule for advisory services (not including Trustee Services):
Fee Schedule for Investment Management Services
Maximum Annual Fee
First $1 million
1.50%
Over $1,000,001 Negotiable
The exact fee and fee arrangements may vary from that described above based on the complexity of client’s
situation, number of accounts managed, total assets under management, and other factors specific to the
client. The asset management fee for each client will be specified in the Advisory Services Agreement
executed prior to your accounts being established.
Annual fees are divided, calculated, and billed quarterly, in arrears. Fees are billed at the end of each
calendar quarter. The quarterly fee is billed as a percentage of assets in the client’s account, including
cash and cash equivalents, margin, and money market balances as of the close of business on the last
business day of the preceding calendar quarter. Clients may elect to designate a single account to be billed
for all services. Fees will be calculated using the average daily balance. If average daily balance
information is not available, then fees will be calculated using account data as of the end of the
quarter. Advent Software Inc will perform market valuations and fee calculations. Fees will be prorated based
on the number of days that services are provided when an account is established or terminated at any time
other than the beginning of a calendar quarter.
Securities and margin balances are included as part of assets under management for purposes of
calculating the firm’s advisory fee. Clients should note that including margin balances within the asset
allocation will increase the total assets under management used to calculate advisory fees which will
increase the amount of fees collected by our firm. This practice creates a conflict of interest because our
firm has an incentive to use margin in order to increase the amount of billable assets. At all times, the firm
and its adviser strive to uphold their fiduciary duty and act in the best interest of our clients. Clients are free
to restrict the use of margin by our firm.
The exact fee and fee arrangements may vary from that described above based on the complexity of client’s
situation, number of accounts managed, total assets under management, and other factors specific to the
client. The asset management fee for each client will be specified in the Advisory Services Agreement.
VWM is not assuming custody of held-away assets under SEC Rule 206(4)-2. Clients will be responsible
for any fees or charges imposed by custodians and/or administrators as a result of recommendations
made by us on held-away assets.
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Trustee Services
VWM provides other Trustee services, including Personal CFO/Executive Services, Tax and Accounting
Services, Real Estate Services, Executive and Family Assistance, Philanthropic Support, Estate and Gift
Planning and Trustee Services. Fees for these services are in addition to investment advisory service
fees. Fees for Trustee Services are negotiable and are divided, calculated, and billed quarterly, in arrears.
Standard Trustee Service Fees are determined by the complexity of services and are based on total assets
in the client’s account, including cash and cash equivalents, as of the close of business on the last business
day of the preceding calendar quarter. Fees for Trustee Services and Investment Advisory Services,
combined, will not exceed 2.50% of assets under management.
Third Party Investment Manager Fees
As discussed above, there will be occasions where an unaffiliated third-party Investment Manager manages
some or all of Client assets. In those circumstances, the third-party investment manager manages the assets
based upon the parameters provided by our firm. Our firm collects the client advisory fee and then pays out
the sub-advisor a portion of assets under management for such services as outlined in the Agreement
between our Firm and the sub-advisor. This total fee includes our firm’s portion of the investment
management fee (not to exceed 1.00%) as well as the portion paid to the TPMM (not to exceed 1.00%).
A TPIM relationship may be terminated at the IAR’s discretion. Our Firm may at any time terminate the
relationship with a TPIM that manages your assets. Our Firm will notify you of instances where we have
terminated a relationship with any TPIM you are investing with. We will not conduct on-going supervisory
reviews of the TPIM following such termination.
Factors involved in the termination of a TPIM may include a failure to adhere to their stated management
style or your objectives, a material change in the professional staff of the TPIM, unexplained poor
performance, unexplained inconsistency of account performance, or our decision to no longer include the
TPIM on our list of approved TPIMs.
Our Firm offers several investment management programs. Account custodial services may be provided
by several account custodians depending on the investment management program offered. Programs may
have higher or lower fees than other programs available through VWM or available elsewhere. Investment
management programs may differ in the services provided and method or type of management offered, and
each may have different account minimums. Client reports will depend upon the management program
selected. Please see complete details in the program brochure and custodial account agreement for each
program recommended and offered.
Accounts not in Asset Management Services
We may have households in which one or more accounts are not enrolled in our Asset Management
Services. VWM will accept accounts that are self-directed. These accounts will not be charged a
management fee, but clients will be responsible for all transaction costs imposed by the custodian within
these accounts.
General Information Regarding Fees
The fee schedules listed above are not necessarily specific to each client. Fees charged by VWM are
negotiable. Negotiating factors include the total amount of assets under VWM’s management, the number
of accounts being managed, the degree of discretionary authority granted to VWM, the client’s overall
financial situation and complexity, and other conditions and factors applicable to each individual client. At
VWM’s sole discretion, we may waive or charge a lower fee than the standard fee arrangement.
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Fees are deducted directly from client accounts when held with our primary custodian. Clients must provide
the custodian with written authorization to have fees deducted from the account and be paid to VWM.
The custodian will send client statements, at least quarterly, showing all disbursements for the account
including the amount of the advisory fee deducted directly from the account.
We have contracted with Advent Software Inc. to utilize its technology platforms to support data
reconciliation, performance reporting, fee calculation, client relationship maintenance, quarterly performance
evaluations, and other functions related to the administrative tasks of managing client accounts. Due to this
arrangement, Advent Software, Inc. will have access to client accounts, but Advent Software, Inc. will not
serve as an investment advisor to our clients or bill the accounts. VWM and Advent Software, Inc. are non-
affiliated companies. Advent Software, Inc. charges our Firm an annual fee for each account administered
by its software. Please note that the fee charged to the client will not increase due to the annual fee VWM
pays to Advent Software, Inc. The annual fee is paid from the portion of the management fee retained by
VWM.
Lower or higher fees for comparable services may be available from other sources and financial
professionals offering similar services.
In lieu of direct debit of accounts, clients may pay advisory fees directly to VWM via check, automated bill
payment, or similar alternative service. Payment is due upon receipt of the quarterly billing statement as
presented by VWM.
Broker/dealers have different account fees, execution charges and execution capabilities. Clients using the
broker/dealer selected by VWM may pay higher account-related fees and execution charges than if we
had selected another custodian. VWM does not have discretion over broker/dealer or custodian fees
and/or commissions and the broker/dealer and/or custodians retain the right to change their fee and/or
commission structure at any time. Brokerage commissions and/or transaction ticket fees charged by the
qualified custodian will be billed directly to the client. VWM will not receive any portion of such commissions
or fees.
In addition, clients may incur certain charges imposed by third parties other than VWM in connection with
investments recommended by us. Management fees charged by VWM are separate and distinct from the
fees and expenses charged by third- parties. A description of these fees and expenses will be fully disclosed
to clients.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
We do not charge advisory fees on a share of the capital appreciation of the funds or securities in a client
account (so-called performance-based fees) nor engage in side-by-side management.
Item 7 – Types of Clients
We generally provide investment advice to the following types of clients:
Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals
•
• Trusts, estates, foundation, or charitable organizations
• Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans
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Minimum Investment Amounts Required
We require a minimum initial investment of $500,000 for establishing an Investment Management Services
portfolio. The account minimums may, however, be subject to waiver or negotiation, at our sole discretion.
All clients are required to execute an agreement for services prior to commencing any work.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Primary Method of Analysis
Our investment philosophy blends Macro and Micro analysis to formulate robust and fluid asset allocation
strategies. Too often investment strategies fall short because of their rigidity or stubborn adherence to fixed
allocations. We scrutinize a comprehensive basket of global asset classes for potential incorporation into
our portfolios. We fuse together economics, sociology, politics, history, and investment analysis into our
strategies. While history does not repeat there are repetitive rhymes. Human behavior really never changes
and that is why secular bull markets and bear markets exist. We believe in the power of secular market
cycles and seek to own the asset classes that are exhibiting strong real performance and look to avoid
asset classes that have completed secular bull markets and are in long-term contraction. We combine our
Macro view with extensive bottom-up analysis to determine the most desirable investment to represent
portfolios in each selected asset class.
Nucleus (PILR) - Our investment process starts with our core (Nucleus). Within our Nucleus we have four
factors that we consider universal and timeless when evaluating the worthiness and the merits of including
an asset class into our investment strategies. The four factors are (PILR):
• Price – the potential for subsequent returns in an asset class diminishes as the price moves higher
•
and the margin for error goes up
Interest Rates – historical and projected rates of nominal and real rates have a profound impact on
how an asset is presently valued
• Liquidity – the degree to which an investment can easily be converted to cash. This can be
empirically measured, and we can estimate an over/undervaluation on the liquidity premium
• Risk – deviation from an expected outcome. The model is stress tested to consider the impact of
highly improbable negative outcomes
World View - We incorporate an ongoing global macro-economic quantitative and qualitative analysis called
our “World View”. The World View analysis is designed to help stress test our portfolios and assist in
understanding investment implications given different scenarios. In the World View analysis, we are not
forming opinions about any specific investment; rather we are studying and analyzing the world from a
political, social, economic, and historical perspective and endeavoring to understand the investment
implications. This World View perspective is extremely important because it can influence the PILR inputs
and help in identifying and avoiding risks that could be overlooked by a static model.
Security Analysis/Fundamental Analysis – We conduct rigorous fundamental analysis to help determine the
“best tool for the job” in each asset class. Security/Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating a
security by attempting to measure its intrinsic value. The analysis includes, but is not limited to, examining
related economic, financial, and other qualitative and quantitative factors. Fundamental analysts attempt to
study everything that can affect the security's value, including industry conditions and individual company
factors. The end goal of performing fundamental analysis is to produce a value which we can compare
against the security's current price to determine what position to take with that security (underpriced = buy,
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overpriced = sell or short).
Ongoing monitoring/attribution analysis – Our investment portfolios are monitored on an ongoing basis.
This monitoring includes comprehensive attribution analysis to help understand the origins of return and
the effectiveness of the strategies. This information is used to help recalibrate our strategies as needed.
Investment Strategies
The results of the PILR and World View analysis serve as the driving force behind our diverse strategies.
Within our Asset Management Services we offer multiple asset allocation strategies based on a spectrum
of portfolio objectives, risk tolerances, and complexity of client circumstances. These asset allocation
strategies use dynamic allocation targets and can invest in a variety of instruments; i.e., mutual funds, ETFs,
domestic or foreign equities, REITS, individual bonds, preferred stocks, etc. All strategies offered under our
Asset Management Services may be customized to meet specific client goals and objectives, and therefore
deviate from the target portfolios.
Use of Alternative Investments
If deemed appropriate for your portfolio, our Firm may recommend "alternative investments.” Alternative
investments may include a broad range of underlying assets including, but not limited to, hedge funds,
private equity, venture capital, registered, publicly traded securities, structured notes, and private real estate
investment trusts. Alternative investments are speculative, not suitable for all Clients, and intended for only
experienced and sophisticated investors who are willing to bear the high risk of the investment, which can
include: loss of all or a substantial portion of the investment due to leveraging, short-selling, or other
speculative investment practices; lack of liquidity in that there may be no secondary market for the fund and
none expected to develop; volatility of returns; potential for restrictions on transferring an interest in the fund;
potential lack of diversification and resulting higher risk due to concentration of trading authority with a single
adviser; absence of information regarding valuations and pricing; potential for delays in tax reporting; less
regulation and often higher fees than other investment options such as mutual funds. The SEC requires
investors to be accredited to invest in these more speculative alternative investments. Investing in a fund
concentrating on a few holdings may involve heightened risk and greater price volatility.
Risk of Loss
Clients must understand that past performance is not indicative of future results. Therefore, current, and
prospective clients should never assume that future performance of any specific investment or investment
strategy will be profitable. Investing in securities involves risk of loss. Further, depending on the different
types of investments there may be varying degrees of risk. Clients and prospective clients should be
prepared to bear investment loss including loss of original principal.
Because of the inherent risk of loss associated with investing, our Firm is unable to represent, guarantee,
or even imply that our services and methods of analysis can or will predict future results, successfully
identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate you from losses due to market corrections or declines.
Investors should be aware that accounts are subject to the following risks:
*Alternative Risk - Alternative investments include other additional risks. Lock-up periods and other terms
obligate Clients to commit their capital investment for a minimum period, typically no less than one or two
years and sometimes up to 10 or more years. Illiquidity is considered a substantial risk and will restrict the
ability of a Client to liquidate an investment early, regardless of the success of the investment. Alternative
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investments are difficult to value within a Client’s total portfolio. There may be limited availability of suitable
benchmarks for performance comparison; historical performance data may also be limited.
In some cases, there may be a lack of transparency and regulation, providing an additional layer of risk.
Some alternative investments may involve the use of leverage and other speculative techniques. As a result,
some alternative investments may carry substantial additional risks, resulting in the loss of some or all of the
investment. Using leverage and certain other strategies will result in adverse tax consequences for tax-
exempt investors, such as the possibility of unrelated business taxable income, as defined under the U.S.
Internal Revenue Code.
*Market Risk — Even a long-term investment approach cannot guarantee a profit. Economic, political, and
issuer-specific events will cause the value of securities to rise or fall. Because the value of investment
portfolios will fluctuate, there is the risk that you will lose money and your investment may be worth more
or less upon liquidation.
*Foreign Securities and Currency Risk — Investments in international and emerging-market securities
include exposure to risks such as currency fluctuations, foreign taxes and regulations, and the potential for
illiquid markets and political instability.
*Capitalization Risk — Small-cap and mid-cap companies may be hindered as a result of limited resources
or less diverse products or services, and their stocks have historically been more volatile than the stocks
of larger, more established companies.
*Interest Rate Risk — In a rising rate environment, the value of fixed-income securities generally declines,
and the value of equity securities may be adversely affected.
*Credit Risk — Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a security may be unable to make interest payments
and/or repay principal when due. A downgrade to an issuer’s credit rating or a perceived change in an
issuer’s financial strength may affect a security’s value and, thus, impact the fund’s performance.
*Securities Lending Risk — Securities lending involves the risk that the fund loses money because the
borrower fails to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The fund could also lose money if the
value of the collateral provided for loaned securities, or the value of the investments made with the cash
collateral, falls. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the fund.
*Short term trading - There are additional trading costs and tax consequences associated with short term
trading.
*Exchange-Traded Funds — ETFs face market-trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market
for shares, losses from trading in the secondary markets and disruption in the creation/redemption process
of the ETF. Any of these factors may lead to the fund’s shares trading at either a premium or a discount to
its “net asset value.”
*Performance of Underlying Managers — We select the mutual funds and ETFs in the asset allocation
models. However, we depend on the manager of such funds to select individual investments in accordance
with their stated investment strategy.
* Cybersecurity Risk -- Cybersecurity risks include both intentional and unintentional events at VWM or one
of its third-party counterparties or service providers, that may result in a loss or corruption of data, result in
the unauthorized release or other misuse of confidential information, and generally compromise our Firm’s
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ability to conduct its business. A cybersecurity breach may also result in a third-party obtaining unauthorized
access to our clients’ information, including social security numbers, home addresses, account numbers,
account balances, and account holdings. Our Firm has established business continuity plans and risk
management systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity breaches. However, there
are inherent limitations in these plans and systems, including that certain risks may not have been identified,
in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. As such, there is no guarantee
that such efforts will succeed, especially because our Firm does not directly control the cybersecurity
systems of our third-party service providers. There is also a risk that cybersecurity breaches may not be
detected.
*Legacy Holding Risk - Investment advice may be offered on any investment a Client holds at the start of
the advisory relationship. Depending on tax considerations and Client sentiment, these investments will be
sold over time, and the assets invested in the appropriate strategy. As with any investment decision, there
is the risk that timing with respect to the sale and reinvestment of these assets will be less than ideal or
even result in a loss to the Client.
*Leveraged Closed-End Fund - Leveraged closed-end funds offer investors the opportunity to purchase
shares of a fund whose dividend yields generally are designed to be higher than those of similar,
unleveraged investments. At the same time, leverage introduces or heightens certain investment risks. As
a result, understanding leverage, its benefits and risks, plays an important role in determining whether a
leveraged Fund is the right investment. Leverage creates risks that may adversely affect the return for the
holders of common shares, including: the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV and market price of the
Fund’s common shares, fluctuations in the dividend rates, and possible increased operating costs, which
may reduce the Fund’s total return.
*Margin transactions: investor pays for part of the purchase and borrows the rest from a brokerage firm; for
example, an investor buys $5,000 worth of stock in a margin account by paying for $2,500 and borrowing
$2,500 from a brokerage firm. Clients cannot borrow stock from their advisor.
*Option writing: includes covered options, uncovered options to spreading strategies. Note: options are
contracts giving the purchaser the right to buy or sell a security, such as stocks, at a fixed price within a
specific period of time
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
This item is not applicable to this brochure as there are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to
a client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Athlete Society, LLC
Athlete Society, LLC is a separate yet affiliated company of VWM, and is owned by the managing
members of VWM, Zeljko Jag Zdrale and Jason Scott Polit. Currently, Athlete Society, LLC is
inactive.
Insurance Agents:
IARs of VWM may act as agents appointed with various life, disability or other insurance companies and
may receive commissions, trails, or other compensation from the respective product sponsors and/or as
a result of effecting insurance transactions for clients. However, clients should note that they are under no
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obligation to purchase any insurance products through VWM or its IAR(s).
Clients should be aware that the ability to receive additional compensation by our Firm and its management
persons or employees creates conflicts of interest that impair the objectivity of the Firm and these individuals
when making advisory recommendations. Our Firm endeavors at all times to put the interest of its clients first
as part of our fiduciary duty as a registered investment adviser; we take the following steps, among others
to address this conflict:
• we disclose to clients the existence of all material conflicts of interest, including the potential for the
Firm and our employees to earn compensation from advisory clients in addition to the Firm's advisory
fees;
• we disclose to clients that they have the right to decide to purchase recommended investment
products from our employees.
• we collect, maintain and document accurate, complete, and relevant client background information,
•
including the client’s financial goals, objectives, and liquidity needs.
the Firm conducts regular reviews of each client advisory account to verify that all recommendations
made to a client are in the best interest of the client’s needs and circumstances.
• we require that our employees seek prior approval of any outside employment activity so that we
may ensure that any conflicts of interests in such activities are properly addressed.
• we periodically monitor these outside employment activities to verify that any conflicts of interest
continue to be properly addressed by the Firm; and
• we educate our employees regarding the responsibilities of a fiduciary, including the need for having
a reasonable and independent basis for the investment advice provided to clients.
Our Firm does not have an application pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity
pool operator, a commodity trading adviser, or an associated person of the foregoing entities.
Our firm nor any of its management persons are registered or have an application pending to register as a
broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
We have adopted a Code of Ethics, the full text of which is available upon request.
We have multiple goals in adopting our Code of Ethics. First, we desire to comply with all applicable laws
and regulations governing its practice. We believe that compliance with such regulations is a signal to our
clients that we exist to serve them, not us, and that we support the efforts of those organizations dedicated
to upholding the law.
Second, our management has determined to set forth guidelines for professional standards, under which
all associated persons are to conduct themselves. We have set high standards, the intention of which is to
protect client interests at all times and to demonstrate our commitment to our fiduciary duties of honesty,
good faith, and fair dealing with clients. All associated persons are expected to strictly adhere to the
guidelines established in the Code of Ethics. Violations of the Code are cause for Disciplinary action.
Finally, we have adopted specific policies and procedures designed to assist in the implementation of the
guidelines. Such policies and procedures will serve to assist in reviewing the effectiveness of the
implementation of the Code on an ongoing basis.
Employee Personal Securities Transactions Disclosure
VWM and/or its Investment Advisor Representatives may buy or sell securities or have an interest or position
in their personal account(s) in a security that they also recommend to clients. We are and shall continue to
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be in compliance with The Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988. As these
situations may represent a potential conflict of interest, it is our policy that no IARs shall prefer his or her
own interest to that of an advisory client. No person employed by us may purchase or sell any security prior
to a transaction or transactions being implemented for an Advisory client account. Officers, IARs, and
employees shall not buy or sell securities for their personal account(s) where their decision is derived,
in whole or in part, from information obtained as a result of his/her employment unless the information is
also available to the investing public upon reasonable inquiry. We maintain a list of all securities holdings
for ourselves and all IARs and employees. These lists, along with the individual personal securities
transaction of our associated persons, are reviewed by our Chief Compliance Officer on a regular and
ongoing basis.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
We generally recommend that our Clients utilize Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Advisor Services ("Schwab")
or, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“Fidelity”) is an independent and unaffiliated SEC-registered broker-
dealer and a member NYSE/SIPC collectively “Custodians”. Custodians offer services to independent
investment advisors that include custody of securities, trade execution, clearance, and settlement of
transactions. Advisor receives some benefits from Custodians through its participation in the program.
(Please see the disclosure under Item 14 below.) Custodians will act solely as a broker-dealer and not as
an investment advisor to you. They will have no discretion over your account and will act solely on
instructions it receives from us [or you]. Custodians have no responsibility for our services and undertakes
no duty to you to monitor our firm’s management of your account or other services we provide to you.
Custodians will hold your assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities and execute other
transactions when we [or you] instruct them to. We do not open the account for you. (Please see the
disclosure under Item 14 below.)
VWM does not maintain custody of your assets on which we advise, although we may be deemed to have
custody of your assets if you give us authority to withdraw assets from your account (see Item 15—
Custody, below). Clients must maintain assets in an account with a “qualified Custodian,” generally a
broker-dealer or bank. If our Firm is asked to give a recommendation, our recommendation is generally
based on the broker’s cost and fees, skills, reputation, dependability, and compatibility with the Client. The
Client may obtain lower commissions and fees from other brokers.
We are independently owned and operated and are not affiliated with any Custodian. Custodians will hold
your assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when we instruct them to. While we require
that you use either our preferred Custodians as custodian/broker, you will decide whether to do so and will
open your account with the Custodian by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Conflicts
of interest associated with this arrangement are described below as well as in Item 14 (Client referrals and
other compensation). You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting your custodian.
We do not open the account for you, although we may assist you in doing so. If you do not wish to place
your assets with our recommended Custodians, then we cannot manage your account. Even though your
account is maintained by our preferred Custodians, and we anticipate that most trades will be executed
through our preferred Custodians, we can still use other brokers to execute trades for your account as
described below.
How we select brokers/custodians
We seek to use Custodians that will hold your assets and execute transactions. When considering whether
the terms that Custodians provide are, overall, most advantageous to you when compared with other
available providers and their services, we take consider a wide range of factors, including:
• Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally without a
separate fee for custody)
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• Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for your account)
• Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check requests,
bill payment, etc.)
• Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds
[ETFs], etc.)
• Availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment decisions
• Quality of services
• Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other fees,
etc.) and willingness to negotiate the prices
• Reputation, financial strength, security and stability
• Prior service to us and our clients
• Services delivered or paid for by Custodians
• Availability of other products and services that benefit us, as discussed below
Your brokerage and custody costs
For our clients’ accounts that Custodians maintains, neither Custodian generally charges you separately
for custody services but are compensated by charging you commissions or other fees on trades that it
executes or that settle into your Custodial account. Certain trades (for example, many mutual funds and
ETFs) may not incur Custodian commissions or transaction fees. Custodians are also compensated by
earning interest on the uninvested cash in your account.
Although we are not required to execute all trades through our preferred Custodians, we have determined
that having Custodians execute most trades is consistent with our duty to seek “best execution” of your
trades. Best execution means the most favorable terms for a transaction based on all relevant factors,
including those listed above (see “How we select brokers/custodians”). By using another broker or dealer
you may pay lower transaction costs.
Products and services available to us from Schwab:
• Schwab Advisor Services™ is Schwab’s business serving independent investment advisory firms
like us. They provide us and our clients with access to their institutional brokerage services (trading,
custody, reporting, and related services), many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail
customers. However, certain retail investors may be able to get institutional brokerage services from
Schwab without going through us.
• Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help us manage or
administer our clients’ accounts, while others help us manage and grow our business. Schwab’s
support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis (we don’t have to request them) and
at no charge to us. Following is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services:
• Services that benefit you. Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range
of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets.
• The investment products available through Schwab include some to which we might not otherwise
have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients.
• Schwab’s services described in this paragraph generally benefit you and your account.
• Services that do not directly benefit you. Schwab also makes available to us other products and
services that benefit us but do not directly benefit you or your account. These products and services
assist us in managing and administering our clients’ accounts and operating our firm. They include
investment research, both Schwab’s own and that of third parties. We use this research to service
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all or a substantial number of our clients’ accounts, including accounts not maintained at Schwab. In
addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other technology that:
• Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements)
• Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts
• Provide pricing and other market data
• Facilitate payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts
• Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting
Services that generally benefit only us.
Schwab also offers other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services include:
• Educational conferences and events
• Consulting on technology and business needs
• Consulting on legal and related compliance needs
• Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
• Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance providers
• Marketing consulting and support
Our Interest in Custodian Services
We believe that taken in the aggregate, our recommendation of Custodians as custodian and broker is in
the best interests of our clients. Our selection is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and price of
Custodian’s services (see “How we select brokers/ custodians”) and not Custodian’s services that benefit
only us.
There is no direct link between our participation in the program and the investment advice we give to our
clients, although we receive economic benefits through our participation in the program that are typically
not available to any other independent investment advisors participating in the program. These benefits
include the following products and services (provided without cost or at a discount): receipt of duplicate
Client statements and confirmations; research related products and tools; consulting services; access to a
trading desk serving advisor participants; access to block trading (which provides the ability to aggregate
securities transactions for execution and then allocate the appropriate shares to Client accounts); the ability
to have advisory fees deducted directly from Client accounts; access to an electronic communications
network for Client order entry and account information; access to mutual funds with no transaction fees and
to certain institutional money managers; and discounts on compliance, marketing, research, technology,
and practice management products or services provided to us by third party vendors. Custodians may also
have paid for business consulting and professional services received by some of our related persons.
Some of the products and services made available by Custodians through the program may benefit us but
may not benefit your account. These products or services may assist us in managing and administering
your account, including accounts not maintained at Custodians. Other services made available by
Custodians are intended to help us manage and further develop our business enterprise. The benefits
received by our firm or our personnel through participation in the program do not depend on the amount of
brokerage transactions directed to Custodians. As part of our fiduciary duties to clients, we endeavor at all
times to put the interests of our clients first. You should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic
benefits by our Firm or our related persons in and of itself creates a conflict of interest and may indirectly
influence our choice of Custodians for custody and brokerage services.
In the event you request us to recommend a broker/dealer custodian for execution and/or custodial
services, we generally recommend your account to be maintained at the Custodians listed above. We may
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recommend that you establish accounts with Custodians to maintain custody of your assets and to effect
trades for your accounts. You are under no obligation to act upon any recommendations, and if you elect
to act upon any recommendations, you are under no obligation to place the transactions through any
broker/dealer we recommend. Our recommendation is generally based on the broker’s cost and fees, skills,
reputation, dependability and compatibility with the client. You may be able to obtain lower commissions
and fees from other brokers and the value of products, research and services given to us is not a factor in
determining the selection of broker/dealer or the reasonableness of their commissions.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
Account Reviews and Reviewers
Client accounts will be reviewed on a recurring basis to ensure consistency with the respective investment
strategy and the client’s stated goals, objectives, and constraints. The Investment Advisor Representative
assigned to the account will review client account(s) activity at least semi-annually. Updates to any
previously created written financial plans may be provided in conjunction with the review.
Statements and Reports
The custodian for the individual client accounts will provide clients with an account statement at least
quarterly. Advent Software Inc., a third-party reconciliation agent, provides enhanced customizable
performance and statement reporting at no extra charge to clients. VWM will provide clients with
Performance/Position summary reports quarterly and upon request. Reports may also be provided at
scheduled client meetings. Clients are urged to compare the reports provided by VWM against the account
statements received directly from their account custodian.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Client Referrals
Our Firm may be asked to recommend a financial professional, such as an attorney, accountant, or mortgage
broker. In such cases, our Firm does not receive any direct compensation in return for any referrals made to
individuals or firms in our professional network. Clients must independently evaluate these firms or individuals
before engaging in business with them and clients have the right to choose any financial professional to
conduct business.
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
We receive an economic benefit from Custodians in the form of the support products and services it makes
available to us and other independent investment advisers whose clients maintain their accounts at
Custodians. These products and services, how they benefit us, and the related conflicts of interest are
described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability to us of Custodian’s products and
services is not based on us giving particular investment advice, such as buying particular securities for our
clients.
Item 15 – Custody
Custody, as it applies to investment advisors, has been defined by regulators as having access or control
over client funds and/or securities. In other words, custody is not limited to physically holding client funds
and securities. If an investment advisor has the ability to access or control client funds or securities, the
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investment advisor is deemed to have custody and must ensure proper procedures are implemented.
Our Firm is deemed to have custody because, for certain accounts, VWM provides trustee-related services
to assist clients in meeting long-term estate planning goals. The SEC requires that firms who have custody
for the reasons listed above are subject to an annual surprise audit to be conducted by an independent CPA
firm which is registered with and subject to regular inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (PCAOB). We have complied with the requirements concerning such surprise audits and will continue
to do so in the future.
We are also deemed to have constructive custody over those client accounts where we are able to deduct
our fees directly from the account. As long as we comply with certain regulatory requirements, this
constructive custody does not mandate that we undergo a surprise audit for those accounts. Our clients
receive account statements directly from the qualified custodian at least quarterly. We also send clients
quarterly reports that we produce using our portfolio accounting system. We strongly urge our clients to
compare such reports with the statements received from the qualified custodian. Furthermore, when we
calculate our investment management fees and instruct the custodian to remit these fees to us directly from
clients’ accounts, the custodian does not verify our calculation of fees. We perform quarterly testing to ensure
that our fees are charged in accordance with the client’s Agreement.
Standing Letters of Authorization
VWM is deemed to have custody of clients’ funds or securities when clients have standing authorizations
with their custodian to move money from a client’s account to a third-party (“SLOA”) and, under that SLOA,
it authorizes us to designate the amount or timing of transfers with the custodian. The SEC has set forth a
set of standards intended to protect client assets in such situations, which we follow. We do not have a
beneficial interest on any of the accounts we are deemed to have Custody where SLOAs are on file. In
addition, account statements reflecting all activity on the account(s), are delivered directly from the qualified
custodian to each client or the client’s independent representative, at least quarterly. You should carefully
review those statements and are urged to compare the statements against reports received from us. When
you have questions about your account statements, you should contact us, your Advisor or the qualified
custodian preparing the statement.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
Discretionary Trading Authorization
We provide our Investment Management Services on a discretionary basis. The client will grant our
discretionary authority in the Investment Management Services Agreement. When discretionary authority is
granted, it is limited in that client will only be granting VWM discretionary trading authority. This authority will
allow us to determine the type and amount of securities to be bought or sold for the client portfolio without
obtaining the client’s consent for each transaction. It is the policy of VWM to consult with clients prior to making
significant changes within the portfolio even when discretionary trading authority has been granted.
All clients have the ability to place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments that may be
purchased in an account. Clients may also place reasonable limitations on the discretionary power granted
to our firm so long as the limitations are specifically set forth within or included as an attachment to the
client agreement. All restrictions and limitations are subject to review and approval by VWM.
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Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
VWM does not vote proxies on behalf of clients. Clients will receive proxies directly from their custodian or
transfer agent. Proxy related materials/ documents will not be delivered to VWM. Although we do not vote
client proxies, if you have a question about a particular proxy please contact us.
Item 18 – Financial Information
We are not subject to a financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual
commitments to clients and we do not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client,
six months or more in advance. We have not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time.
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