Overview
- Headquarters
- Stamford, CT
- Average Client Assets
- $2.1 million
- Minimum Account Size
- $100,000
- SEC CRD Number
- 109621
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (VIA ADV PART 2A WRAP PROGRAM 3-15-2024)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $100,000 | 2.50% |
| $100,001 | $250,000 | 2.25% |
| $250,001 | $500,000 | 2.00% |
| $500,001 | $750,000 | 1.75% |
| $750,001 | $1,000,000 | 1.50% |
| $1,000,001 | $3,000,000 | 1.25% |
| $3,000,001 | and above | Negotiable |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $19,000 | 1.90% |
| $5 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
| $10 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
| $50 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
| $100 million | Negotiable | Negotiable |
Clients
- HNW Share of Firm Assets
- 83.26%
- Total Client Accounts
- 129
- Discretionary Accounts
- 116
- Non-Discretionary Accounts
- 13
Services Offered
Services: Portfolio Management for Individuals, Portfolio Management for Institutional Clients, Investment Advisor Selection
Regulatory Filings
Additional Brochure: VIA ADV PART 2A 03-15-2024 (2026-02-27)
View Document Text
Vision Investment Advisors, LLC
1010 Washington BLVD, 300
Stamford, CT 06901
203-388-2700
http://www.advicewithvision.com/
February 27, 2026
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Vision Investment Advisors,
LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at 203-388-2700. The
information in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Vision Investment Advisors, LLC also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
References herein to Vision Investment Advisors, LLC as a “registered investment adviser” or any reference to being
“registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
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Item 2 – Material Changes
Vision Investment Advisors, LLC has had no material changes in its business since its last filing on February
28 2025.
Mr. John Karafa, the Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer was appointed to be the Chief Compliance
Officer on July 18, 2019 and is listed on the ADV Part 1A Schedule A.
.
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Item 3 - Table of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page
1
Item 2. Material Changes
2
Item 3. Table of Contents
3
Item 4. Advisory Business
4
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
13
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
16
Item 7. Types of Clients
17
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
17
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
21
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
21
Item 11. Code of Ethics
23
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
24
Item 13. Review of Accounts
26
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
26
Item 15. Custody
26
Item 16. Investment Discretion
26
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
26
Item 18. Financial Information
26
Appendix 1
28
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
A. VIA (“VIA”) is an SEC-registered investment advisor as stated in the ADV Part 1A Item. VIA has been in the
investment advisory business since September 2000. Mr. Howard Rothman and Boshnack Family LLC are principal
owners controlling 25% or more of the entity and are listed in the ADV Part 1A Schedule A. the principal owners
are not a publicly held companies and their ownership is not through subsidiaries.
B. VIA provides general investment advisory services for clients on a discretionary and non- discretionary basis. VIA
may recommend a third-party investment advisor to manage all or a portion of a client's account or an independent
Commodity Trading Advisor ("CTA") to manage all or a portion of a client's account in managed futures. Individual
accounts are managed directly by a specifically named VIA investment advisor. Investment advice is not limited
and includes many different types of investments.
C. Accounts managed by a VIA Investment Advisor Representative (“IAR”) are tailored to meet the needs of the client
by determining those needs through ongoing discussions regarding risk tolerance, investment goals, personal
economic facts, personal demographic facts, and other personal preferences of the client. The accounts are managed
based on the following clients’ stated investment objectives: (1) preservation of capital, (2) income, (3) capital
appreciation, and (4) speculation. Client accounts may be managed independently by an IAR, invested on one of
VIA proprietary “portfolios” as described below or invested in a combination of disciplines. IARs may recommend
another investment advisor or a commodity trading advisor to manage all or a portion of the assets in the accounts.
Clients are also free to impose reasonable restrictions upon investing in certain securities or types of securities.
D. VIA no longer offers wrap fee programs but the program is maintained for existing accounts. Information regarding
the wrap fee program is described in a separate ADV Part 2A Wrap Fee Program document. As of December 31,
2025, there are 2 1 legacy wrap fee accounts with $24,974,817 in assets under management. VIA receives a portion
of the wrap fee for its services.
E. As of December 31, 2025, VIA has total assets of $137,390,338 in total assets under management. Discretionary
assets total $126,431,127 and non-discretionary assets total $10,959,211.37.
Investment Portfolios - Non-Wrap Fee Programs
VIA provides discretionary advisory services on a non-wrap fee basis in the Equity, Balanced, Dividend, Fixed
Income and Total Portfolios as well as the Stock Put Writing Program and the Stock Put Credit- Spread Option
Program to individuals and institutional investors.
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These investment methodologies have been developed by Mr. Howard Rothman, VIA’s Chief Executive Officer.
Mr. Rothman makes the ultimate investment selections and recommendations and monitors each client account that
receives discretionary investment advice. A VIA client may establish an account in one or more of VIA’s investment
portfolios, each of which consists of accounts with similar investment objectives, portfolio construction, market
exposure and risk tolerance. Each client's portfolio is managed specifically for that client based upon the client's
individual goals, objectives, restrictions and current market conditions. A client may request, subject to VIA’s
approval, to place limited and reasonable restrictions on the specific securities or types of securities that are
purchased for their account. VIA may also provide discretionary advisory services not based on any of the portfolios
described below.
For trade implementation, each VIA client opens a brokerage account with either Vision Financial Markets, LLC
(“VFM”), or a third-party brokerage firm. All trades are executed in that brokerage account and client assets are held
in custody with that brokerage firm’s custodian. VIA does not execute trades or custody assets. VFM is a affiliated
company under common ownership and control with VIA.
The Equity Portfolio (The E-Portfolio)
VIA’s principal objective in its Equity Portfolio is to seek returns from a diversified group of large cap U.S. traded
equities that it believes have the potential to outperform the S&P 500 Index over time. The Equity Portfolio is
primarily composed of a diversified portfolio of large-cap stocks that currently exhibit a high degree of financial
strength and potential for growth. The total amount of diversification is a function of the total amount of the
individual client's funds invested in the E-Portfolio. An account with a smaller amount invested generally will
incorporate fewer stocks and therefore be less diversified.
VIA’s research efforts focus on identifying companies that have sustainable gross revenue (“topline”) and earnings
or net income (“bottom-line”) growth, competitive advantages and strong returns on equity. VIA selects and
purchases stocks based upon its research and evaluation of a given company. During this process, the advisor will
review a given company's past revenue and earnings growth, current cash flow status, debt factors, financial ratios
such as the price-earnings ratio ("PE") and additional ratios and factors we deem to be relevant.
Securities in the Equity Portfolio may represent several sectors of the economy but generally will not be concentrated
in any one sector or constitute more than 15% in any one issuer. Securities are sold when VIA deems that the
ownership of that company is no longer attractive, or to replace that security with another security that is more
attractive. Considerations to sell a security may include deceleration in sales or earnings growth or expected future
growth, a high stock price based on PE ratio or key management changes, among other factors.
VIA also believes that it makes sound economic sense to employ, from time to time, a strategy of writing covered
call positions against some or all of the stocks in the Equity Portfolio.
The primary purpose of option writing is to earn additional income through premiums received from the buyers of
the call options. By monitoring the volatility, delta and time to expiration, VIA works to optimize the tradeoff between
receiving option premium income and the possibility of forgoing future price
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appreciation on the underlying stock above the written strike price of the option until the option expires. At the same
time, the account receives a small measure of downside protection to the extent of the net option premium received
should the price of the stock decline. By adding a covered call position to an existing long stock position, VIA will
attempt to enhance the potential overall return in the portfolio.
The goal of a covered call position is for the short option value to decay over time and allow the account holder to
realize a gain up to the total net option premium received should the option position expire worthless. In order to
calculate the gain or loss on the overall covered call position, VIA will measure the profit or loss realized during the
period the covered call option position was open against the profit and loss of the open securities position during the
same time period.
In addition to covered calls, VIA may, from time to time purchase out-of-the-money put options to further add to the
level of downside protection. The ratio of purchased put options may be less than the number of long shares of stock
in the account. This strategy of employing puts to help protect the stocks; value in an account is likely to temper
total returns (due to the premium paid to purchase the put options) but does provide some downside protection
against declines in the value of the underlying stocks in the account.
The Balanced Portfolio (The B-Portfolio)
The principal objective of the Balanced Portfolio is to provide income and capital gains from a combination of stocks
(common and preferred), bonds, notes, cash, cash equivalents and option premium income. The equity portion of
the Balanced Portfolio is managed using the methods employed to manage the Equity Portfolio accounts. Within the
fixed income portion, securities are evaluated and selected based upon VIA’s interest rate assumptions, the U.S.
Treasury yield curve, credit risk and a number of macroeconomic variables that may affect the relative performance
of the specific bonds. Fixed income holdings can include preferred stocks, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, U.S.
Government agency debt securities and other debt instruments.
VIA also believes that it makes sound economic sense to employ, from time to time, a strategy of writing covered
call positions against some or all of the stocks in the Balanced Portfolio.
The primary purpose of option writing is to earn additional income through premiums received from the buyers of
the call options. By monitoring the volatility, delta and time to expiration, VIA seeks to optimize the tradeoff
between receiving option premium income and the possibility of forgoing future price appreciation on the
underlying stock above the written strike price of the option, until the option expires. At the same time, the investor
receives a small measure of downside protection, to the extent of the net option premium received, should the price
of the stock decline. By adding a covered call position to an existing long stock position, VIA attempts to enhance
the potential overall return in the portfolio.
The goal of a covered call position is for the short option value to decay over time and allow the account holder to
realize a gain, up to the total net option premium received should the option position expire worthless. In order to
calculate the gain or loss on the overall covered call position, VIA will measure the profit or loss realized during the
period the covered call option position was open against the profit and loss of the open securities position during the
same time period.
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In addition to covered calls, VIA may, from time to time, purchase out-of-the-money put options to further add to the
level of downside protection. The ratio of purchased put options may be less than the number of long shares of stock
owned in the account. This strategy of employing puts to help protect the stocks in an account is likely to temper
total returns (due to the premium paid to purchase the put options) but does provide some downside protection
against declines in value of the underlying stocks.
The Dividend Portfolio (The D-Portfolio)
VIA’s principal objective in its equity-based Dividend Portfolio is to provide returns from a diversified group of
companies that have an attractive dividend rate but still maintain many growth characteristics. Accordingly, the
Dividend Portfolio is composed of mid-cap and/or large-cap stocks that maintain a targeted minimum dividend yield
of at least 1.50% and exhibit a high level of financial strength coupled with a historical above average return on
equity. Mid-cap stocks represent companies that have a total market capitalization between $1 billion and $5 billion.
Mid-cap stocks tend to have a higher risk/reward ratio than large-cap stocks. Large-cap stocks represent companies
that have a total market capitalization over more than $5 billion. Based on market conditions, this portfolio may
have less diversification at times and may be more exposed to sector trends than a more diversified portfolio.
VIA employs technical screening methods to forecast revenue and earnings over the next one to two years. Upon
identifying a number of issuers, the selection is further narrowed by applying other investment rules and financial
ratios such as PE ratio to evaluate future price projections. In addition to financial strength, dividend yield and return
on equity, VIA also examines the dividend payout, the debt equity ratio and forward-looking PE ratios. Finally, VIA
looks at companies that may also have an established history of buying back their stock and raising their dividend
payments. Although certain industries tend to offer higher yielding stocks, the additional factors employed tend to
screen out many less-desirable stocks in certain industries.
From time to time VIA also utilizes a strategy of writing covered call positions against some or all of the stocks in
the Dividend Portfolio.
The primary purpose of option writing is to earn additional income through premiums received from the buyers of
the call options. By monitoring the volatility, delta and time to expiration, VIA seeks to optimize the tradeoff between
receiving option premium income and the possibility of forgoing future price appreciation on the underlying stock
above the written strike price of the option, until the option expires. At the same time, the investor receives a small
measure of downside protection, to the extent of the net option premium received should the price of the stock decline.
By adding covered call positions to an existing long stock position, VIA works to enhance the potential overall return
in the portfolio.
The goal of a covered call position is for the short option value to decay over time and allow the account holder to
realize a gain, up to the total net option premium received should the option position expire worthless. In order to
calculate the gain or loss on the overall covered call position, VIA measures the profit or loss realized during the period
the covered call option position was open against the profit and loss of the open securities position during the same
time period.
In addition to covered calls, VIA may, from time to time, purchase out-of-the-money put options to add downside
protection. The ratio of purchased put options may be less than the number of long shares of
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stock owned in the account. that the strategy of employing puts to help protect the account is likely to temper total
returns (due to the premium paid to purchase the put options) but does provide some downside protection against
declines in the underlying stocks.
The Fixed Income Portfolio (The I-Portfolio)
A more conservative strategy is the Fixed Income Portfolio. A client can choose a taxable Fixed Income Portfolio,
which seeks to provide returns from U.S. government agency securities, corporate debt and/or preferred stocks, or a
non-taxable Portfolio, which seeks to provide returns from municipal bonds. Fixed income securities are selected
using the same methodology as the fixed income segment in the Balanced Portfolio. The fixed income portfolio seeks
to produce total returns over complete market cycles that exceed returns that may be expected from random trading
and passive management strategies. At the discretion of the advisor, the taxable and/or non-taxable fixed income
portfolios may consist entirely of one type of security, such as, for example, government agency securities or
municipal bonds.
Stock Put Writing Program (“SPWP”) and the Stock Put Credit-Spread Option Program (“SPCSOP”)
VIA provides its clients with an alternative trading strategy that is designed for investors seeking aggressive returns.
It is suitable only for those investors who can bear a high risk of loss, and who are suitable for active and short-term
option trading, which includes the use of leverage in holding short put option positions and short put option credit-
spread positions. For these investors, VIA offers the SPWP and the SPCSOP.
Clients in these portfolios must have "Speculation" or "Capital Appreciation" as their primary objective and their
risk tolerance must be "Aggressive" or "Speculative". It is advised that clients allocate no more than 20% of their
total investable assets into these portfolios. (VIA has additional portfolios that could be utilized for the balance of a
client's investable assets.) It is advised that clients who are age 65 or older do not allocate more than 15% of their
investable assets into these portfolios.
VIA seeks to achieve an aggressive return for investors in the SPWP, by employing a strategy of writing (selling)
put options on a group of common stocks. A client enters a typical trade by selling an out-of-the- money put on a
given stock and receiving a premium in exchange for agreeing to purchase 100 shares of that stock at the strike price
any time before the expiration date of the option. If the underlying stock price does not drop below the strike price
of the option, the option will generally decay in value over time and expire worthless on the expiration date. The
premium collected for writing the option becomes the short- term profit for that trade. If the stock price drops below
the exercise price, then the option is subject to being exercised. In that case, the stock would have to be purchased at
the strike price, which would be higher than the current market price of the stock. A client is not required under
applicable margin rules to maintain in his/her account sufficient equity to fund assignments on all the client's short
option positions. However, should the client be exercised on a short-put position, the cost of funding the resulting
assignment of the stock may exceed the account's free available margin and result in a margin call, which would
likely result in liquidating the stock position at a loss. The SPWP is a leveraged investment and should only be
considered by investors with a high-risk tolerance.
VIA seeks to achieve an aggressive return for investors in the SPCSOP by writing (selling) put credit-spread options
on a group of common stocks or on a stock index. By entering into a spread position, under
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applicable margin rules, the initial margin that is required will be less than the total maximum potential loss on the
spread position. Therefore, the SPCSOP is a leveraged investment and should only be considered by investors with a
high-risk tolerance.
Clients in both of the above programs will be required to open margin accounts with VFM, or with another qualified
custodian. Margin accounts allow for substantial leverage and clients will therefore be responsible for maintaining
adequate levels of margin. If the market moves unfavorably, clients may be required to deposit additional margin on
short notice to maintain their open positions. Also, clients need to be aware that they will have limited ability to
withdraw amounts deposited as margin while option positions in their accounts remain open. Clients in both of the
above programs will be required to be approved for writing uncovered options. Clients will need to be approved for
Level 3 options trading in order to write puts and for Level 4 options trading to write uncovered puts. Clients who
utilize puts on indexes must be approved for Level 5 options trading. Those clients who open option accounts will be
provided with a copy of the brochure Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options (and any supplements) prior
to being approved to trade options. Clients will also receive margin and uncovered options disclosure forms. Please
note: Options involve risk and are not suitable for all clients.
VIA will first identify companies that it believes have a strong tendency to trade at or above their current market
price (these may be the same stocks that VIA uses in its other portfolios). The portfolios seek to achieve trading
profits by entering into the short-put options trades at higher prices than when the positions are liquidated (closed) or
the option positions expire worthless. It is important for an investor to fully understand that a drop (especially a
sudden large drop) in the respective stock price will cause losses on the stock option position and at times those
losses could be greater than the total potential profit on the option transaction.
Leverage is a significant part of the investment strategy and creates the risk that a declining stock price, in the case
of writing puts, may result in a loss greater than the amount deposited as margin. Moreover, a stock that is trading
below the strike price, in the case of a short put, can and may incur potentially substantial losses in a short period of
time. The price of a stock may fall to zero, and the loss in the client's account will be the cost of purchasing the stock
at the strike price (far surpassing the value of the margin deposited in the account and the premium income received).
If a client purchases a put, it gives the client the right to sell the underlying stock on or before the expiration date at
the strike price. If a client sells a put, the client is obligated to buy the underlying stock at the strike price if the client
is assigned. As a writer (seller of a put) the client has no control over whether the option will be exercised. Either
type of position may be closed out before the expiration date thereby ending any right or potential obligation. A
credit spread is the simultaneous initiation of a short put option in combination with the purchase of put option at a
lower strike price with the same expiration date. One side of the transaction is writing a put on the stock and receiving
a premium, in exchange for agreeing to purchase the stock at the strike price at a future date. The other side of the
spread is buying a put option. The buyer pays a premium for the right to sell the stock at the strike price at a future
date. There are different kinds of spreads that can be used, each having different objectives.
VIA seeks to maintain a diversified portfolio of short options on various stocks that it believes will be more beneficial
than limiting the option positions to just one or a few stocks.
In the SPWP, if a client desires to own shares of stock but also believes that the ownership of that stock should take
place at a price that is lower than the current market price and is willing to wait until a future
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date, an option strategy can be employed. By writing a put option at a strike price below the current market price, it
will offer the opportunity to potentially own the stock at a lower price by the designated expiration date of the option.
The put writer receives the premium since the account has now assumed the risk of loss if the stock moves below the
strike price. If the stock price drops and the option is exercised, the net put premium will be used to lower the net
cost on the stock when it is purchased at the strike price. If the stock does not trade below the strike price by
expiration, the option will ultimately expire as worthless and the net put premium will be the profit on the trade. The
put writer will be writing uncovered puts and will not own the actual stocks. It is not the intention of this type of
portfolio to hold any stocks. If an option position is exercised and stock is purchased, it would most likely be promptly
liquidated.
In the SPCSOP, VIA will engage in writing put credit spreads. In this spread transaction, both the profit and loss are
limited. The spread is the difference between the higher and the lower strike price. This strategy is used when one
anticipates that the price of the underlying stock is likely to move higher or remain in a sideways trading range but
remaining above the strike prices of the spread transactions, which will give it the opportunity to decay over time and
result in a profitable trade. The reason the transaction is structured as a short credit spread instead of a naked put is to
limit the potential of a loss on the transaction. Having a limited-loss feature also restricts the potential profit and adds
transaction costs because there are two option positions rather than just one.
The opportunities of the SPWP and SPCSOP Programs are:
• The potential to profit from natural time decay of out-of-the-money short put options;
• The potential to profit from an upward stock trend and/or from a sideways stock trend;
• Access to investment methodologies developed by Mr. Rothman who will make the investment selections or
recommendations and actively manages each of the portfolios; and
• Portfolios also offer the ability to trade Exchange Traded Funds ("ETFs") and Indexes. If puts are sold on an
index, the client would have to be approved for Level 5 options trading.
The Total Portfolio (The T-Portfolio)
VIA offers the Total Portfolio in which it may employ any of the strategies that it uses in managing the other portfolios
offered, such as the Equity and Balanced Portfolios and the SPCSOP. In addition, VIA may engage in various option
strategies including writing naked call options, entering into credit call spreads, entering into short stock positions
and/or other decisions in a client's account including using margin to leverage the assets in a client's account. This
portfolio entails a HIGH DEGREE OF RISK and requires a higher-level option trading approval, as detailed
below, along with margin leverage.
Clients in this portfolio must have "Speculation" or "Capital Appreciation" as their primary objective and their risk
tolerance must be "Aggressive" or "Speculative." It is advised that clients allocate no more than 20% of their total
investable assets into this portfolio. (VIA has additional portfolios that could be utilized for the balance of a client's
investable assets). It is advised that clients who are age 65 or older should not allocate more than 15% of their
investable assets into this portfolio.
In this portfolio, the manager is seeking aggressive market returns. Please note that VIA will have broad discretion
to employ many aggressive market strategies in order to seek profits. VIA believes that this
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portfolio has the flexibility to engage in activities that are specifically geared to events (either short-term or long-
term) that are taking place in the market. For example, VIA may employ a "tactical tilt" to exploit a current situation
in the market or utilize a complex options strategy due to a severe move in an underlying stock or the market in
general.
VIA may use various strategies, including but not limited to the following:
• All of the strategies detailed in the SPWP and the SPCSOP listed above;
• Selling a short (i.e., uncovered) call position providing an opportunity for profit but also involving unlimited risk of
loss as the underlying stock price can rise substantially above the option strike price; and
• A short straddle, which is a non-directional options trading strategy that involves simultaneously selling a put and a
call of the same underlying security, strike price and expiration date. The profit is limited to the premiums of the put
and call, but the straddle has substantial risk of loss if the underlying security either drops substantially below the
strike price of the put or soars above the strike price of the call. This strategy is called non-directional because the
short straddle may be profitable when the underlying security only has a small change in price direction before the
expiration of the straddle.
These strategies involve the use of leverage and margin. Please review the following important risk disclosure
statement regarding the use of margin in a client's account.
Clients in the Total Portfolio will also have to be approved for writing uncovered options. Clients will need to be
approved for Level 3 options trading in order to write puts and for Level 4 options trading to write uncovered puts.
Clients who utilize puts on indexes must be approved for Level 5 options trading. Those clients who open option
accounts will be provided with a copy of the brochure Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options (and any
supplements) prior to being approved to trade options. Clients will also receive margin and uncovered options
disclosure forms. Please note: Options involve risk and are not suitable for all clients.
Non-Wrap Fee Accounts Managed Independently by an IAR
Clients may elect to have an IAR individually manage their accounts. Each IAR has his/her own methods of
providing investment advice. VIA does not select or recommend an IAR for a client and does not select client
investments for the IARs. Each IAR acts independently, makes his/her own investment recommendations and is
responsible for those recommendations.
The IAR managing a client's account will create a portfolio consisting of one or more of the following: individual
equity securities including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), preferred stocks, mutual funds, fixed income securities
(such as corporate bonds, government securities and municipal securities), unit investment trusts, real estate
investment trusts and options on securities. Clients will generally be invested in publicly traded securities. IARs may
also invest in portfolios offered by VIA. IARs may not invest client assets in penny stocks or securities that do not
have a readily available market price. IARs typically will open new accounts with a third-party broker/custodian.
(Please see Appendix 1.)
IARs will allocate the client's assets among various investments taking into consideration the objectives, risk
tolerance and time horizon of each individual client. The portfolios weighting between funds and market
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sectors will be determined by each client's individual needs and stated investment objectives. Clients will have the
opportunity to place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments made on their behalf if they provide the
restrictions in writing.
IARs may also engage third-party money managers, with whom VIA has a selling agreement, to manage a portion
or all of the client's account. Fees for such management will vary from manager to manager and will be in addition
to the fees paid to VIA (Please see Appendix 1).
An IAR may recommend a third-party CTA to a client to manage an appropriate portion of the client's account. Any
such allocation to managed futures must be based on the suitability of the respective client and the details of the
proposed investment (including size of the allocation, etc.). The IAR may include such allocated assets in the total
amount on which they are advising the client and on which the investment management fee is charged. There are
costs involved in a managed futures account including commissions, exchange/clearing fees and regulatory fees.
These costs are in addition to any fees charged by VIA for allocating and supervising the assets. In addition, there
may be instances when an IAR is also registered as an Associated Person with an Introducing Broker firm that is a
member of the National Futures Association that may be affiliated with VIA. In such instance, it is possible that an
investment in a CTA program can be made through the Introducing Broker firm and that the IAR may then share in
a portion of the commissions generated in the futures account. Since this is a potential conflict of interest, the IAR
is required to disclose such affiliation to the client and obtain the client's affirmative consent to function as the
Introducing Broker of the futures account in addition to their role allocating assets as an IAR.
IARs may utilize various data sources in gathering historical information, as well as annual and quarterly reports.
IARs may use various investment disciplines such as technical, fundamental, cyclical and charting analysis.
However, IARs will continuously monitor and evaluate securities relative to market and industry conditions.
IARs may use money market funds to "sweep" unused cash balances.
Clients who open margin accounts need to be aware that margin involves the use of leverage, and clients may lose
more money than they deposit in the margin account.
IARs may use certain strategies that are viewed as riskier including, but not limited to, short-term trading (securities
sold within 30 days) and short sales and/or naked option writing. Because these investment strategies involve certain
additional degrees of risk, they will only be recommended when consistent with the client's stated objectives and
tolerance for risk.
There also are certain risks associated with option strategies. In a rising market, a call option written to protect the
portfolio or an individual stock position within the portfolio may reduce upside potential above the strike price of
the option. As options expire or experience increased market volatility, it may be more difficult to manage the covered
call positions for maximum economic advantage. Likewise, market volatility may drop around the time of the
expiration resulting in lower premium income attainable when "rolling over" an options position. Option execution
charges have a much greater impact on smaller accounts than they do on larger accounts. All clients engaging in
options transactions, regardless of the portfolio they select, will receive a copy of the brochure Characteristics and
Risks of Standardized Options (and any supplements) at, or prior to opening an options account. Clients whose
accounts are using options strategies,
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in addition to covered calls, will also receive the margin and uncovered options disclosure forms.
Accounts Managed Through Pontera Order Management System
VIA provides an additional service for accounts not directly held in our custody, but where we do have discretion,
and may leverage an Order Management System to implement tax-efficient asset location and opportunistic
rebalancing strategies on behalf of the client. These are primarily 401(k) accounts, HSA’s, and other assets we do
not custody. We regularly review the available investment options in these accounts, monitor them, and rebalance
and implement our strategies in the same way we do other accounts, though using different tools as necessary.
The Order Management System allows VIA to manage client accounts on a discretionary basis without having to
obtain and maintain a client’s login credentials. Clients using the Order Management System will receive a link
allowing them to connect their account(s) to the platform. Once a client account is connected to the Order
Management System, VIA will monitor and rebalance or reallocate investments in that account in the same way as
we do for other (non-held away) accounts, though using different tools. When clients engage VIA in this capacity,
they are responsible to keep the Pontera platform link active, so that VIA will be able to access and manage the
respective account without delay. If VIA determines that an Order Management System link has become inactive,
VIA will use its best efforts to notify the client to resolve the issue.
However, clients will remain subject to VIA’s fees described in Item 5 even when VIA is not capable of executing
trades because of an inactive link.
Margin Disclose Statement
Clients who open margin accounts will be provided with the full regulatory margin disclosure documents. Margin
clients need to be aware of the following:
They may lose more funds than are deposited in the margin account;
The client’s brokerage firm, whether VFM, or third-party brokerage firm, can liquidate any position to cover a
margin debit;
The client’s brokerage firm, whether VFM, or third-party brokerage firm, can liquidate positions without first
contacting the client;
Clients are not entitled to choose which securities or other assets in their account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a
margin call;
The loss on a given short spread is limited to the difference between the two strike prices less the net premium
received, after execution charges and any other transaction costs;
VFM, or third-party brokerage firm can increase its "house" maintenance margin requirements at any time and are
not required to provide advanced written notice to clients; and
Clients are not entitled to an extension of time to meet a margin call.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation Non-Wrap Fee Program
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In the Non-Wrap Fee Program, clients will pay for advisory services and brokerage services separately.
Clients will not be charged commissions but will incur a small execution fee on each transaction that is placed in
their account to cover execution charges. The specific manner in which fees are charged by VIA is disclosed in the
client's Investment Management Agreement with VIA which accompany the new account documents. Fees are
deducted from the client's account on a quarterly basis in arrears. Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar
quarter will be charged a prorated fee. Upon termination of any account, any unpaid fees will be due to VIA and
payable on a prorated basis. Clients whose accounts are managed by a VIA IAR will pay VIA transaction costs
associated with a non-wrap account in addition to the fee they pay to VIA for a VIA IAR to manage their individual
account. Transaction fees will also be charged to all accounts by the broker-dealer where the assets are custodied.
Fees for Investment Advisory Services
VIA’s compensation is an asset-based management fee. The management fee is payable (in arrears) at the end of each
calendar quarter based on the total value of the account (including net unrealized appreciation or depreciation of
investments and cash, cash equivalents and accrued interest) on at the end of the quarter.
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If an account is opened in the middle of a quarter, the management fee is prorated for the number of days in the
quarter. If an account is terminated in the middle of a quarter, the fee will be calculated based on the value of the
account on the day of termination and prorated for the number of days in the quarter the account was under
management. The management fee is deducted from the account before the account assets are delivered to the client.
Clients need to be aware that VIA’s advisory fees may be higher than those normally charged by other investment
advisors for comparable advisory services. There may be other investment advisors who can provide comparable
types of advisory services at a lower advisory fee rate.
Annual Asset-Based Management Fee (Non-Wrap Fee Accounts) the Portfolios
The fee is negotiated with each individual client. The fee will not exceed 3%. Fees are paid on a quarterly basis. The
amount of the fee may vary based upon factors at VIA IAR's discretion, including but not limited to, the amount of
the original investment, if the client has accounts with an affiliated firm and if the client has additional accounts with
VIA. A client will be advised of the management fee in writing prior to opening an account with VIA.
Fee Schedule for Stock Put Writing and Stock Put Credit-Spread Option Programs
The Stock Put Writing and Stock Put Credit Spread Option Programs carry a different fee structure than other
portfolios. For clients that select either of these programs, actual fees are negotiated and, for a specific tier, may vary
but will not exceed the fees listed below. Two alternative fee structures are offered - the Stock Put Writing Program
with a performance fee and lower management fee, and the Stock Put Credit Spread Option Program with no
performance fee and a higher management fee. The amount of the fees may vary based on factors in VIA IAR's
discretion including, but not limited to, the amount of the original investment, if the client has accounts with an
affiliated firm and whether the client has additional accounts with VIA. A client will be advised of the fees and
execution charges prior to opening an account with VIA.
Stock Put Writing Program
Stock Put Credit Spread
Option Program
Performance Fee
Management
Fee
Performance
Fee
Management
Fee
20.00%
2.00%
2.00%
20.00%
All accounts will pay processing charges of $0.25 per transaction. Non-qualified investors will be charged a
management fee.
Performance-Based Fees
VIA will consider reducing its management fees in the portfolios for qualified clients who choose to pay a
performance fee which is based solely on the performance in the account. Under Rule 205-3 of the Investment
Advisers Act, such clients must place a minimum of $1,100,000 under VIA’s management or
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have a net worth (either individually or together with assets held jointly with a spouse) of more than
$2,200,000 (excluding primary residence) at the time of opening an account.
The performance fee is typically 20% of "new appreciation" in the account over a year period, measured initially
from the date the account is opened to the end of the calendar year and, in subsequent years, over the entire year. The
performance fee is paid only where the cumulative appreciation in the account exceeds a "High Water Mark" or the
highest level of appreciation earned on any prior calculation date in the account. Once earned, the performance fee is
not refundable in the event of subsequent losses but VIA must recoup such losses and exceed the High-Water Mark
before it is entitled to another performance fee. If the client withdraws funds or closes the account before the
performance period ends, VIA will calculate the performance fee based on the value of the account on the day of
termination and will deduct any performance fee due from the assets in the account before distribution. All accounts
that choose this option must be reviewed and approved by VIA prior to the client signing the agreement.
Fees Related to Pontera Order Management System
Fees will be assessed and billed quarterly in advance. The exact amount charged is determined by the daily
average over the course of the quarter, except for directly-managed held-away accounts, which are determined by
the account value at the end of the quarter.
The advisory fee is a blended fee and is calculated by assessing the percentage rates using the predefined levels of
assets and applying the fee to the daily average of the account value or the account value as of the last day of the
previous quarter, resulting in a combined weighted fee. For example, an account valued at $2,000,000 would pay
an effective fee of 1% with the annual fee being $20,000 (a quarterly fee of $5,000).
Fees are generally directly debited on a pro rata basis from the client’s account or accounts. The fee payable for
any held away account will be deducted directly from another client account unless the held away account
custodian has provided a mechanism for the client to authorize VIA to deduct our fee directly from the held away
account.
In the event that a client’s account has insufficient funds or VIA and the client agree, the fees will be billed
directly to the client.
Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar quarter will be charged a pro-rated fee based on the amount of
time remaining in the billing period. An account may be terminated with written notice at least 15 calendar days in
advance. Since fees are paid in arrears, no rebate will be needed upon termination of the account.
Fee Negotiation
All fees may be subject to negotiation. When negotiating fees, VIA may consider the following factors, including
but not limited to: (i) clients with multiple accounts; (ii) size of the account; (iii) a prior or existing relationship with
a VIA affiliate; and (iv) a client's particular needs or financial characteristics. Due to the fact that fees may vary,
clients with existing accounts may be charged fees that do not match precisely the foregoing fee schedules or the
fees paid by other clients. Clients will not pay a total fee in excess of 3% except for the Stock Put Writing and Stock
Put Credit-Spread Option Programs.
Brokerage and Other Costs for Non-Wrap Fee Accounts
VIA requires that clients establish and maintain their accounts at VFM which is affiliated with VIA or with a third-
party custodian (Please see Appendix 1). Clients' funds and securities that are held at VFM, VFM acts as a custodian.
Accounts that are held on a third-party platform will be held by the third-party custodian. VIA’s advisory fees do not
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include brokerage and custodial expenses incurred by the client and paid to VFM or another broker- dealer or
custodian selected by VIA or the client. In addition to the non-wrap fee, all client accounts will be charged a per
transaction fee to cover execution costs. Clients will be provided with those transaction costs when the account is
opened. Clients may also be charged any mark-ups or mark-downs on fixed income securities depending on where
and how they are purchased.
Clients whose accounts are managed by a third party may incur additional costs, which will be disclosed separately
when the account is opened.
VIA may use third-party managers and other trading platforms. (Please see Appendix 1.) Those accounts will be held
directly with those firms and all transactions fees will be charged directly to the client. VIA is mindful of the total
costs to the client including transaction fees when negotiating the management fees. VIA may recommend a third-
party CTA to a client for management of an appropriate portion of the client's account. Any such allocation to managed
futures must be based on the suitability and investment objectives of the respective client and the details of the
proposed investment (including size of the allocation, etc.). A client should expect to incur fees and expenses in
connection with a managed futures account with an independent CTA recommended by VIA in addition to any
management fees charged by
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the individual CTA. VIA fees will be determined on a case-by-case basis and stated in the client agreement prior to
account opening.
Mutual funds and exchange traded funds also charge internal management fees, which are disclosed in a fund's
prospectus. Such fees are in addition to the advisory fee charged by VIA. Neither VIA nor any of its affiliates receive
any portion of such fund management fees.
Clients should also expect to incur: (i) annual custodial fees, brokerage account fees or other administrative fees, such
as wire fees, charged by VFM, or a third-party custodian (ii) certain odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes or transaction
fees mandated by the Securities Act of 1934, postage and handling fees and charges imposed by law with regard to
transactions in the client's account; and (iii) advisory fees, expenses of mutual funds (including money market funds),
closed-end investment companies or other managed investments, if any, held in the client's account.
Mr. Rothman is the principal owner of VFM. As owner of VFM, Mr. Rothman has an indirect financial interest in
execution charges or other revenues generated by the securities transactions of the clients of VIA. Although Mr.
Rothman will not earn execution fees directly from the brokerage transactions conducted through VFM. VIA has an
incentive to engage in a higher volume of trading than would be the case in the absence of such a relationship. VIA
addresses this conflict by monitoring the brokerage activity in client accounts to identify any unusual trading patterns.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management VIA
VIA may enter into performance fee arrangements with qualified clients which are subject to individual negotiation
on a case by case basis. VIA will structure any performance or incentive fee arrangement subject to Section 205(a)(1)
of the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisors Act”) in accordance with the available
exemptions thereunder, including the exemption set forth in Rule 205-
3. In measuring clients' assets for the calculation of performance-based fees, A performance fee is typically 20%
based on realized and unrealized capital gains and losses. Please also see Item 5 which discusses performance fees.
A conflict of interest may exist when some clients are charged a performance fee and other accounts may be charged
an asset based or flat fee. Therefore, an IAR may have an incentive to favor suggesting one fee arrangement over
another. Performance based fee arrangements may create an incentive for VIA to recommend investments which
may be riskier or more speculative than those which would be recommended under a different fee arrangement. Such
fee arrangements also create an incentive to favor higher fee paying accounts over other accounts in the allocation
of investment opportunities. VIA has procedures designed and implemented to ensure that all clients are treated
fairly and equally and to prevent this conflict from influencing the allocation of investment opportunities among
clients. Prior to the time the client enters into a specific fee arrangement it will be explained to the client, included
in the written advisory agreement and approved by a supervisor.
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Item 7 – Types of Clients
VIA provides portfolio management services to individuals, high net worth individuals, family offices, charitable
organizations, endowments, pension plans, trusts and other institutional investors.
A $100,000 minimum dollar value of assets is suggested but not required for opening or maintaining an advisory
account.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A. VIA uses many different investment strategies, and methods of investment analysis in formulating investment
advice. Securities analysis techniques used include charting, both fundamental and technical analysis, and cyclical
analysis. The formulation of investment strategies is based upon the needs, goals, and risk tolerance of the client.
Once a strategy has been agreed upon with the client, one or more forms of analysis are used in an effort to determine
which securities are most appropriate to execute the strategy. Investing in securities involves risk of loss that client
should be prepared to bear.
B. The method of analysis or type of strategy does not eliminate market risk or the loss of principal. Market analysis
can only produce a forecast of the direction of market values. There can be no assurances that a forecasted change
in market value will materialize into actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities. The frequency of trading
can effect investment performance through increased brokerage and other transaction costs and taxes.
C. VIA does not recommend any particular type of securities. Investing in publicly traded securities involves market
risk.
VIA’s investments in the equity portion of its portfolios are concentrated in large-cap stocks with market
capitalizations generally over $5 billion. These stocks are listed on exchanges and typically are seasoned companies
with a history of earnings displaying particular growth characteristics. VIA may also purchase mid-cap stocks that
exhibit similar characteristics and preferred stocks. VIA may recommend third-party managers and trading
platforms. If a client's circumstances warrant, VIA may also recommend an independent CTA or another investment
advisor to manage a portion of a client's account in managed futures or securities, as applicable. VIA focuses
primarily on long-term investing with a growth-oriented approach supported by technical analytical methods to
determine target prices in its equity and balanced portfolios. Drawing from traditional and electronic information
sources such as financial reports, SEC filings, Bloomberg, various rating services and nationally recognized research
services such as Value Line, VIA conducts primary research. A heavy emphasis is placed on factors such as: (i)
revenues and income growth; (ii) dominant-industry position; (iii) large-cap status; (iv)
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return on equity; and (v) companies that favor stock purchase programs. In addition, enhanced yield and a measure
of downside protection is sought through closely monitored covered call option writing.
VIA may use one or more of these investment strategies: (a) long-term purchases (securities held for at least one
year); (b) short-term purchases (securities sold within one year); (c) margin transactions; and (d) option writing,
including covered options, uncovered options, or spread strategies.
Special Considerations
Although the stocks selected in the Portfolios are generally established companies in their industries, there are
counterbalancing factors in considering an investment in these portfolios: Many of the companies selected for
purchase are growth companies or are poised for active growth and tend to exhibit higher price-earnings ratios than
the market as a whole. Such stocks may be more vulnerable to market declines from earnings disappointments or
adverse factors that inhibit a company's ability to carry out the plan on which the growth prospects were anticipated.
Because the companies in the portfolios will typically conduct business globally and have significant operations or
product distribution in countries outside the U.S. their earnings can be impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency
rates.
VIA may purchase securities on margin. By virtue of the use of borrowed funds and the leverage employed in the
portfolio, the returns must exceed interest expenses. Moreover, any losses will be increased in magnitude in direct
proportion to the amount of margin debt incurred.
Risks of Option Writing Strategies
There are certain risks associated with the option writing strategies employed in the portfolios.
In a rising market, a call option written to protect the portfolio, or an individual stock position within the portfolio,
may reduce upside potential above the strike price of the option. As options expire or experience increased market
volatility, it may be more difficult to manage the covered call positions for maximum economic advantage. Likewise,
market volatility may drop around the time of the expiration and result in lower premium income attainable when
"rolling over" an options position. Option execution charges have a much greater impact on smaller accounts than
they do on larger accounts.
All clients engaging in options transactions, regardless of the portfolio they select, will receive a copy of the brochure
Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options (and any supplements) at, or prior to opening an options account.
Clients whose accounts are using options strategies, in addition to covered calls, will also receive the margin and
uncovered options disclosure forms.
Mutual Funds
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In selecting a mutual fund there are key factors and risks to consider: (1) ability to tolerate a fund's investment
strategy, (2) risk profile, investment performance and relationship to the overall asset allocation strategy and
investment time horizon; (3) a fund's fees and expenses can have an impact on its investment returns and are
important factors as well; and (4) the information and risks for a mutual fund are in its respective prospectus.
Miscellaneous
Given that clients may have a variety of investments, each investment selection will pose various risks that must be
considered or may be complex to understand. Many of these risks continue even if the client decides to no longer
have VIA or their current IAR manage their investments. The following offers some examples:
Call Risk
A callable provision of a security allows the issuer to call or repay early. If interest rates drop low enough an issuer
can save money by calling the security and issuing a new security at a lower interest rate. If this happens the interest
payments will cease and clients will receive their principal early.
Complex Products
Complex products usually include more than one risk from any embedded features. Examples include structured
products, equity-indexed annuities, leveraged and inverse exchange-traded funds, principal protected notes, reverse
convertibles and commodity future-linked securities.
Counterparty or Credit Risk
The risk to each party of a contract that the counterparty will not live up to its contractual obligations. Counterparty
risk as a risk to both parties and in most financial contracts, counterparty risk is also known as "default risk". This
may necessitate having to buy in or sell at a price not otherwise anticipated as part of a strategy.
Exotic-Exposure Risk
Complex strategies that move beyond plain-vanilla stocks and bonds have a host of complex risks and require the
ability to understand the risks and bear the losses.
Hot-New-Thing Risk or Crowded-Trade Risk
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Markets that "believe the hype" often artificially increase and alternatively decrease the value of the security in the
market. As money rushes in, the attractiveness of a particular asset may diminish. Some of these new asset classes
have limits on liquidity. If the money rushes out, the valuations could also be harmed. This can cause the need for
additional funding to preserve the position or force liquidation or a buy-in.
Inflation Risk
Inflation risk is a particular concern for investors who are planning to live off their bond income, although inflation
is a factor everyone should consider. The risk is that inflation will rise and reduce the purchasing power of the
income.
Interest Rate Risk
Depending on the economic environment and market conditions -- both of which can be affected significantly by a
change in interest rates -- the value of products that have an interest rate sensitivity can be affected (e.g., bonds).
However, if you hold a bond until maturity, interest rate risk is a lesser concern.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that you might not be able to buy or sell investments quickly for a price that is close to the
true underlying value of the asset. Even though a security is liquid when purchased, bad news or other events may
cause a sudden change in liquidity and even the freeze of trading a security.
Shutdown Risk
If a fund is liquidated and shareholders are paid in cash or in kind, the client should expect capital gains or losses,
transaction costs, uneven tracking, legal costs or various other possibilities during the liquidation process, which
will go to the shareholders as of a record date.
Tax Risk
Determining long and short-term tax implications is something the client must be sure to understand and consult
with a tax professional as necessary. For example, where an investment has the possibility of a cash flow consequence
that substantially impacts the client's ability to pay tax liabilities.
Spread
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Spread, which is the difference between the bid and offer prices of security, can vary from one penny to many dollars
and may change substantially over an investor's holding period. When spread widens during the holding period, it
may be more costly to close out a position than anticipated.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary events
that would be material to a client’s evaluation of the investment advisor. VIA has no disciplinary history to disclose.
Information on VIA’s affiliates and associated persons can be found at https://brokercheck.finra.org/ and
https://www.nfa.futures.org/BasicNet/basic-search-landing.aspx.
Information on VIA’s investment advisor representatives can be found in their ADV Part 2B Item 3.
A. Criminal or Civil Action - VIA has no material information applicable to this section.
B. Administrative Proceeding - VIA has no material information applicable to this section.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization Enforcement Proceeding - VIA has no material information applicable to this section.
However, one of its “management persons” (Howard Rothman) consented to a one count complaint and undertaking
which was issued by the NFA Business Conduct Committee (BCC), NFA Case No. 11-BCC-003. This alleged that
that while he was an associated person and listed principal of a Future Commission Merchant and Commodity Pool
Operator the BCC stated he violated NFA Rule 2-9(A); no fine was imposed upon him.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. VIA is affiliated and under common ownership and control with two FINRA-registered broker- dealers: Vision
Financial Markets LLC and Vision Brokerage Services, LLC. VIA is affiliated and under common ownership and
control with an NFA registered introducing broker, High Ridge Futures LLC and a Commodity Trading Advisor.
Some of VIA supervised and access person are registered with its affiliated entities as associated persons. Neither
VIA nor its management persons have any applications pending to register as a broker-dealer or register as
representatives of another non-affiliated broker-dealer.
B. Neither VIA nor its management persons have any applications pending to register as futures commission merchant,
commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor. Some of VIA supervised and access person are registered
with its affiliated entities as associated persons.
C. VIA is affiliated and under common ownership and control with two FINRA-registered broker- dealers: Vision
Financial Markets LLC and Vision Brokerage Services, LLC. VIA is affiliated and under common ownership and
control with an NFA registered introducing broker, High Ridge Futures LLC and a Commodity Trading Advisor.
Conflicts exist when persons are dually associated with different regulatory regimes. It is possible that its associated
persons might recommend a client relationship with one versus another to yield a more profitable relationship. VIA
IAR who possess a
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dual affiliation are aware of this fact but do work to present clients with the business relationship that is in their best
interest. VIA IARs are held to a “fiduciary” standard and must act in their clients’ best interest of all times. VIA IARs
are bound to a “Code of Ethics” which describes their fiduciary responsibilities.
D. VIA IARs recommend and may select other investment advisors to clients for which it receives compensation and a
portion of the management fee. To address this conflict all fees are explained to the client at the inception of the
client relationship and written into the advisory agreement before the account is opened.
Conflicts of Interest
VIA’s IARs are fiduciaries who are required to act in the best interest of their clients at all times. Conflicts of interests
can and do arise and VIA will attempt to resolve them in ways that will not unfairly harm its clients. Examples of
potential conflicts include where VIA or its affiliates:
• Could make a gain or avoid a loss at a client's expense;
• Have an interest in the outcome of a decision or service which is not the same as the client's;
• Have incentives to favor one client over another;
• Have incentives to favor a service provider that is not the best solution for the client; and
• Are not entirely impartial in making this appraisal in view of each other.
In cases where VIA has interests that conflict with clients, VIA manages them by disclosing the conflicts (e.g., the
terms and conditions under which it operates or its motivations) and by mitigating them by acting in the clients' best
interest. It may suggest to clients that they should make an alternative selection or make an informed choice to accept
the terms under such conditions. The following are some of those conflicts of interest, and others are noted elsewhere
in this document.
There are financial incentives to select an investment or third-party manager that results in the highest compensation.
VIA has an incentive to engage in a higher volume or higher paying investment than would be the case in the absence
of such a relationship. Clients may negotiate with other brokers to effect transactions.
IARs are required to disclose any affiliations with broker-dealers and investment advisors as well as any outside
business activity. This information is disclosed to clients in the IAR's ADV Part 2B brochure, which is provided to
clients prior to the execution of an investment management agreement. Other IARs may dedicate their time solely to
advisory activities.
VIA affiliate fees and expenses are competitive but may be higher than otherwise available elsewhere. Clients must
consent by written agreement to the terms of services, which are negotiable on a case-by- case basis.
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Affiliates may utilize third-parties for executing transactions, which may result in the client receiving less favorable
execution on some transactions. VIA and affiliates conduct best execution reviews for this purpose.
VIA and IARs may recommend third-party managers to manage a portion of the client's assets. A client may pay
higher fees when investing through a third-party manager. Clients can contract directly with third parties.
VIA or an IAR may give different advice on the same securities to different clients based upon on the client's specific
goals and objectives. Therefore, it may purchase securities for one client while, at the same time, selling the same
securities for another client based upon each client's goals and investment objectives.
There are no restrictions on a client's ability to contact VIA in its capacity as the investment advisor or the IAR
managing a client's account.
Secured Demand Note Account Holders
Vision Investment Advisors currently manages the collateral accounts of persons who have entered into secured
demand notes with VFM pursuant to secured demand note agreements between those persons and VFM. As noted
above, Vision Investment Advisors is affiliated through common ownership with VFM. Mr. Rothman, owner and
President of VFM, may have an incentive to establish such accounts for Vision Investment Advisors and/or manage
such accounts for VFM’s benefit. There is a potential conflict of interest between VFM’s interest as the pledgee of
the collateral underlying the secured demand notes, including VFM’s right to sell the collateral under certain
circumstances, and Vision Investment Advisor’s interest as adviser to the collateral accounts. However, all secured
demand note agreements are executed pursuant to discussions with VFM, and Vision Investment Advisors does not
recommend or solicit clients to enter into secured demand note arrangements or related collateral accounts. If a client
enters into a secured demand note agreement with VFM after discussions with VFM, Vision Investment Advisors
will manage the resulting collateral account. All collateral accounts are managed by Vision Investment Advisors
under a standard advisory agreement. Clients investing in Secured Demand Notes may receive differing rates or
durations as agreed upon with Vision.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics
A. VIA has adopted a Code of Ethics for its supervised and access persons in the firm describing its high standard of
business conduct, and fiduciary duty to its clients pursuant to SEC Rule 204A-1. VIA has adopted this Code of
Ethics to detect in order to work to prevent conflicts of interest. VIA
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clients or prospective clients may request and receive a free copy of the firm's Code of Ethics by contacting the
firm at 203-388-2700.
B. VIA may recommend and purchase securities in the various managed “portfolio accounts” offered to clients
securities that are also purchased, sold or held by VIA IARs and other associated persons in its affiliated companies..
From time to time there may be a principal transaction between a proprietary firm account and a portfolio account.
Certain proprietary accounts may pay lower fees and execution charges than are paid by portfolio accounts.
C. VIA IARs and related person may invest or trade for their own accounts in securities which are recommended to
and/or purchased for VIA clients.
D. VIA IARs and related person may recommend or trade for their own accounts in securities which are recommended
to and/or purchased for VIA clients.
To work to resolve conflicts of interest in the above. VIA IARs are mindful of their fiduciary duties and work
diligently to make recommendations that are in the best interest of their clients and also suitable based on the clients
stated investment objectives. As a precautionary measure when proprietary orders on the same side of a transaction
on the same day for the same security will be placed simultaneously with orders placed for client accounts the trades
will be aggregated. VIA also monitors the personal trading of its IARs in ComplySci and looks for patterns of like
securities in the accounts of its IARs, those of its associated persons in affiliated entities and client accounts. Any
discrepancies or irregularities are reported to the Chief Compliance Officer who will investigate the timing and prices
of the securities and take appropriate measures.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits. VIA may receive complimentary research from clients’ brokerage firms
and/or custodians. Clients select the broker-dealer of their choice which is where their assets are held in custody. VIA
does not engage in soft dollar transactions.
Brokerage for Client Referrals. VIA does not receive client referral fees from broker-dealers or third-party managers.
Directed Brokerage. VIA intends to effect brokerage transactions through VFM, or a third- party custodian (Please
see Appendix 1). VIA may utilize other broker-dealers at its discretion based upon who introduced the account. VIA
has the right to reject an account that may want to direct brokerage to another firm. Clients whose accounts consist
of the collateral underlying secured demand notes entered into with VFM will have their transactions executed at
VFM. VFM will clear and settle the transactions and hold custody of client funds and securities. Clients
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should be aware that not all investment advisors recommend or require clients to use a specified broker-dealer.
VIA may direct client accounts to be held on third-party trading platforms.
Although VFM, or third-party firm provide competitive execution charges, these charges may not be the lowest
attainable for similar transactions and have not been negotiated at arms' length due to the relationship between the
firms. This could result in clients paying more for brokerage execution than might otherwise be the case. Although
VFM is affiliated with VIA, VIA has a duty to its clients, as their investment advisor, to obtain a combination of best
price and execution for their advisory accounts. It should be understood, however, that VIA is not entirely impartial
in making this appraisal in view of its affiliation with VFM. VIA relies on the best execution policy of VFM, or
third-party firm. To work to mitigate this inherent conflict VFM has a best execution committee which meets
regularly to assess the quality of executions.
VIA reserves the right to decline acceptance of an advisory account that insists upon directing brokerage to another
broker-dealer. Vision may also require that accounts are opened on a third-party trading platform where the funds and
securities will be the custodied. Directing brokerage may also result in VIA not being in a position to freely negotiate
execution charges or spreads, select such brokers on the basis of best price and execution, or ensure the rates of such
firms will be comparable to those of VFM. As a result, the client may pay higher execution charges, additional
transaction costs or greater spreads, or may receive less favorable net prices for the advisory account than would
otherwise be the case. Factors that VIA commonly considers in determining whether to accept directed brokerage
accounts are the size of the account, a client with a previously established relationship with the other brokerage firm
and whether the client was referred by that firm.
Orders for an advisory account may be placed separately, unless VIA decides to purchase or sell the same securities
for several clients at approximately the same time. In such event, VIA may, (but is not obligated to), aggregate or
"batch" such orders to possibly obtain best execution, to negotiate more favorable execution charges or to allocate
equitably among accounts, thereby reducing differences in prices and execution charges or other transaction costs
that might have occurred had such orders been placed separately. Transactions generally will be averaged as to price
and transaction costs and will be allocated among accounts in proportion to the purchase and sale of orders placed for
each account on any given day. However, any savings in transaction costs will not benefit clients with wrap fee
accounts, since the client pays a wrap fee for all brokerage services in the account.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
A. VIA advisors review their client portfolio accounts on a regular basis, no less than weekly. The nature of the review
is ongoing to ensure that the securities in the portfolios match the client’s needs and are appropriate in the current
economic and market environment.
B. A change in the client’s investment objectives, risk tolerance or general financial situation would trigger an other
than periodic review of a client account. Reviews can be triggered more frequently due to market conditions, news
affecting meaningful account holdings and other outside factors.
27
C. For accounts held at VFM, Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. or third-party advisors account statements are sent to clients
on a monthly basis unless there is no activity in which case statements are sent on a quarterly basis.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
VIA does not directly or indirectly compensate any person or entity for client referrals.
Item 15 – Custody
VIA does not have custody of client funds or securities; however, through its affiliated relationship with VFM, VFM
is considered a “related person” and thus assets held at VFM and advised by VIA, VIA is considered to have custody.
Clients receive at minimum quarterly statements from their broker-dealer, bank or other qualified custodian that holds
and maintains client’s assets. Clients received confirmations directly from the custodian on trades affected in the
account in public markets. VIA IARs may from time to time prepare individual holdings or summary reports of
account activity for client accountholders. VIA urges clients to carefully review those “customized” statements and
compare them to the official custodial records as there is a chance that VIA customized statements may vary from
the custodial statements based on accounting procedures, reporting dates, errors or valuation methodologies of certain
securities.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
VIA agrees to receive discretionary authority from the client at the outset of an advisory relationship by the client
signing an advisory agreement or power of attorney to provide that authority. Discretionary authority gives VIA the
ability to select the identity and amount of securities to be bought or sold for the client and select broker-dealers
through which transactions will be affected and execution charges paid. In all cases, however, such discretion is to
be exercised in a manner consistent with the stated investment objectives for the particular client account.
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
A. As a matter of firm policy and practice, VIA will not accept authority to vote proxies or exercise voting rights for
securities held by clients pursuant to SEC Rule 206(4)-6. Clients retain the responsibility for receiving and voting
proxies for any and all securities maintained in client portfolio accounts.
B. VIA does not have any authority to and does not vote proxies on behalf of advisory clients. Clients will receive their
proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian and/or a transfer agent. Clients may contact VIA with
questions about a particular solicitation.
Item 18 – Financial Information
28
A. VIA does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1200 in fees per client, six months or more in advance.
B. VIA has discretionary authority but it does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1200 in fees per client,
six months or more in advance.
C. VIA has no financial commitment that impairs its ability to meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to clients
and has not been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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APPENDIX 1
THIRD-PARTY BROKER/CUSTODIAN: CHARLES SCHWAB & CO.
This section applies to those clients whose accounts are being held by Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. as the third-party
firm referenced in this ADV.
VIA recommends that some clients hold their accounts with Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. ("Schwab"), a qualified
broker/custodian. Schwab is a FINRA-registered broker/dealer and a member of SIPC. VIA and Schwab are not
affiliated entities. Schwab will hold the account as a brokerage account and will execute trades and allocations to
third-party mangers when VIA instructs them to do so. If your account is held at Schwab, you will complete all of
Schwab's required new account opening paperwork in addition to signing an investment management agreement with
VIA.
VIA’s Investment Advisor Representatives ("IARs") will use Schwab to directly manage individual client accounts
and to allocate assets to third-party managers that are available to them through the Envestnet Platform. VIA may
also use Schwab as the custodian for non-wrap accounts that it manages in the portfolios described in this ADV in
Section 4 above.
VIA selected Schwab as a qualified broker/custodian who will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms
that VIA believes are advantageous when compared to other providers and their services. The factors that were
considered included but were not limited to:
• Availability of a combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services;
• Capability to execute, clear and settle your trades;
• Capability to facilitate the transfer and payments to and from your account;
• A large number of products and services, including a large number of third-party money managers;
• Availability of investment research and other tools to assist VIA in making investment decisions for your account;
• Quality of service;
• Competitiveness of the price for the services provided.
Schwab generally does not charge separately for its custody services but rather is compensated by charging the client
commission or other fees on trades that it executes or settles into your Schwab account. These costs have been
negotiated based upon the amount of assets VIA believes clients will hold with Schwab. Schwab will charge fees if
VIA executes trades at other brokerage firms. It is not VIA’s intent to do so.
VIA and its clients will have access to Schwab's institutional brokerage, trading, custody reporting and other related
services that are not always available to individual clients. Schwab also provides VIA with support services based
upon the amount of assets that are held. Schwab will also provide VIA with services that do not directly benefit the
client such as access to client data, payment of management fees, trade allocation and back-office functions,
recording keeping and client reporting. Schwab may also provide VIA with educational conferences and events,
technology, compliance and legal consulting.
30
Additional Brochure: VIA ADV PART 2A WRAP PROGRAM 3-15-2024 (2026-02-27)
View Document Text
Form ADV Part 2A
Wrap Fee Brochure
Vision Investment Advisors, LLC
1010 Washington BLVD, 300
Stamford, CT 06901
(203) 388-2700
www.advicewithvision.com
February 27, 2026
This Wrap Fee Program Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of
Vision Investment Advisors, LLC ("VIA") that should be considered before becoming a client of VIA’s Wrap
Fee Program. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us by e-mail:
info@advicewithvision.com or by phone: (203) 388-2700. The information in this Brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") or by any state
securities authority.
VIA is an SEC-registered investment advisor. Registration of an investment advisor does not imply any level
of skill or training. The oral and written communications of an advisor provide you with information you use
in determining whether to hire or retain an advisor.
Additional information about VIA is also available on the SEC's Web site at:
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov .
Item 2: Material Changes
Vision Investment Advisors, LLC has had no material changes in its business since its last filing.
Mr. John Karafa, the Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer was appointed to be the Chief
Compliance Officer on July 18, 2019 and remains listed on the ADV Part 1A Schedule A.
Item 3 Table of Contents
ITEM 4. ADVISORY BUSINESS ............................................................................................................................1
ITEM 5. FEES AND COMPENSATION ................................................................................................................ 4
ITEM 6. TYPES OF CLIENTS .............................................................................................................................. 7
ITEM 7. PORTFOLIO MANAGER SELECTION, EVALUATION AND RISK OF LOSS ........................................ 7
ITEM 8. PERFORMANCE BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT .............................................. 10
ITEM 9. PROXY VOTING ................................................................................................................................... 11
ITEM 10. CLIENT INFORMATION PROVIDED TO PORTFOLIO MANAGERS ................................................ 11
ITEM 11. CLIENT CONTACT WITH PORTFOLIO MANAGERS ........................................................................ 11
ITEM 12. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. 11
ITEM 13. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS .................................................. 12
ITEM 14. CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING ... 14
ITEM 15. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ................................................................................................................... 15
ITEM 16. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 15
Item 4. Advisory Business
The VIA Wrap Fee Program
The VIA Wrap Fee Program (the "wrap fee"), offers clients discretionary investment advisory services based
on a client's individual investment objectives and risk tolerances, along with trade execution, brokerage,
custodial and administrative services for a single asset-based annual fee, in addition to certain other
charges and expenses. Vision may recommend a third-party investment advisor to manage all or a portion
of a client's account or an independent Commodity Trading Advisor to manage a portion of a client's account
in managed futures. Occasionally, if requested by a client, VIA may provide investment advice on a non-
discretionary basis.
VIA is the portfolio manager for each of the four portfolios (collectively, the "portfolios") offered in the VIA’s
Wrap Fee Program. In addition to advisory services, wrap fee also provides execution of securities
transactions and custodial and administrative services through Vision Financial Markets LLC ("VFM"),
affiliate of VIA. VFM is a broker/dealer registered with the SEC and is a member of the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority ("FINRA").
VIA has been in business since September 2000. Its principal owners are Howard Rothman and Boshnack
Family LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
VIA wrap fee accounts may be (i) may be invested in one of the Portfolios described in the next section; (ii)
may be invested in a combination of Portfolios (iii) or may be invested independently of these Portfolios.
Advisory Services - Investment Portfolios
VIA provides discretionary advisory wrap fee services in the Equity, Balanced, Dividend and Fixed Income
Portfolios to individual and institutional investors.
These investment methodologies have been developed by Howard Rothman, VIA’s Chief Executive Officer.
Mr. Rothman makes the ultimate investment selections and recommendations, and personally (though not
solely) monitors each client account that receives discretionary investment advice.
A VIA client may establish an account in one or more of its investment portfolios, each of which consists of
accounts with similar investment objectives, portfolio construction, market exposure and risk tolerance.
These portfolios offer the investor several choices consistent with a fundamental objective of long-term
capital appreciation. Each client's portfolio is managed specifically for that client based on the client's
individual goals, objectives, restrictions, time horizon, risk tolerance and current market conditions. A client
may place reasonable restrictions on the specific securities or types of securities purchased for the account.
VIA also may provide discretionary advisory services not based on any of the portfolios.
For trade implementation, each VIA client will open a brokerage account with Vision Financial Markets,
LLC, or a third-party brokerage firm. All trades are executed in that brokerage account and client assets are
held in custody with that brokerage firm. VIA does not itself execute trades or custody assets. Vision
Financial Markets LLC (VFM) shares common ownership and control with VIA.
The Equity Portfolio (The E-Portfolio)
VIA's principal objective in its Equity Portfolio is to seek returns from a diversified group of large• cap U.S.
traded equities that it believes have the potential to outperform the S&P 500 Index over time. The Equity
Portfolio is primarily composed of a diversified portfolio of large-cap stocks that currently exhibit a high
degree of financial strength and potential for growth. The total amount of diversification is a function of the
total amount of the individual client's funds invested in the E-Portfolio. An account with a smaller amount
invested generally will incorporate fewer stocks and therefore be less diversified.
‐1‐
VIA's research efforts focus on identifying companies that have sustainable gross revenue (topline) and
earnings or net income (bottom-line) growth, competitive advantages and strong returns on equity. VIA
selects and purchases stocks based upon its research and evaluation of a given company. During this
process, we will review a given company's past revenue and earnings growth, current cash flow status,
debt factors, financial ratios such as the price-earnings ratio ("PE") and additional ratios and factors we
deem to be relevant.
Securities in the Equity Portfolio may represent several sectors of the economy, but generally will not be
concentrated in any one sector or constitute more than 15% in any one issuer. Securities are sold when
VIA deem the ownership of that company is no longer attractive, or to replace that security with another
security that we believe is more attractive. Considerations to sell a security may include deceleration in
sales or earnings growth or expected future growth, a high stock price based on PE Ratio or key
management changes, among other factors.
VIA also believes that it makes sound economic sense to employ, from time to time, a strategy of writing
covered call positions against some or all of the stocks in the Equity Portfolio.
The primary purpose of option writing is to earn additional income through premiums received from the
buyers of the call options. By monitoring the volatility, delta and time to expiration, VIA works to optimize
the tradeoff between receiving option premium income and the possibility of forgoing future price
appreciation on the underlying stock above the written strike price of the option, until the option expires. At
the same time, the investor receives a small measure of downside protection, to the extent of the net option
premium received, should the price of the stock decline. By adding a covered call position to an existing
long stock position, VIA will attempt to enhance the potential overall return in the portfolio.
The goal of a covered call position is for the short option value to decay over time and allow the account
holder to realize a gain up to the total net option premium received, should the option position expire
worthless. In order to calculate the gain or loss on the overall covered call position, one must measure the
profit or loss realized during the period the covered call option position was open against the profit and loss
of the open securities position during the same time period.
In addition to covered calls, VIA may, from time to time, purchase out-of-the-money put options to further
add to the level of downside protection. The ratio of purchased put options may be less than the number of
long shares of stock owned in the account. Please recognize that employing puts to help protect the stocks
in an account is likely to temper total returns (due to the premium paid to purchase the put options) but
does provide some downside protection against declines in the value of the underlying stocks.
The Balanced Portfolio (The B-Portfolio)
The principal objective of the Balanced Portfolio is to provide income and capital gains from a combination
of stocks (common and preferred), bonds, notes, cash, cash equivalents and option premium income. The
equity portion of the Balanced Portfolio is managed using the methods employed to manage the Equity
Portfolio accounts. Within the fixed income portion, securities are evaluated and selected based upon VIA’s
interest rate assumptions, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, credit risk and a number of macroeconomic
variables that may affect the relative performance of the specific bonds. Fixed income holdings can include
preferred stocks, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, U.S. Government Agency debt securities and other
debt instruments.
VIA also believes that it makes sound economic sense to employ, from time to time, a strategy of writing
covered call positions against some or all of the stocks in the Balanced Portfolio.
The primary purpose of option writing is to earn additional income through premiums received from the
buyers of the call options. By monitoring the volatility, delta and time to expiration, VIA seeks to optimize
the tradeoff between receiving option premium income and the possibility of forgoing future price
appreciation on the underlying stock above the written strike price of the option, until the option expires. At
the same time, the investor receives a small measure of downside protection, to the extent of the net option
‐2‐
premium received, should the price of the stock decline. By adding a covered call position to an existing
long stock position, VIA attempts to enhance the potential overall return in the portfolio.
The goal of a covered call position is for the short option value to decay over time and allow the account
holder to realize a gain, up to the total net option premium received, should the option position expire
worthless. In order to calculate the gain or loss on the overall covered call position, one must measure the
profit or loss realized during the period the covered call option position was open against the profit and loss
of the open securities position during the same time period.
In addition to covered calls, VIA may, from time to time, purchase out-of-the-money put options to further
add to the level of downside protection. The ratio of purchased put options may be less than the number of
long shares of stock owned in the account. Please recognize that employing puts to help protect the stocks
in an account is likely to temper total returns (due to the premium paid to purchase the put options) but
does provide some downside protection against declines in value of the underlying stocks.
The Dividend Portfolio (The D-Portfolio)
VIA’s principal objective in its equity-based Dividend Portfolio is to provide returns from a diversified group
of companies that have an attractive dividend rate, but still maintain many growth characteristics.
Accordingly, the Dividend Portfolio is composed of mid-cap and/or large-cap stocks that maintain a targeted
minimum dividend yield of at least 1.50% and exhibit a high level of financial strength coupled with a
historical above average return on equity. Mid-cap stocks represent companies that have a total market
capitalization between $1 billion and $5 billion. Mid-cap stocks tend to have a higher risk/reward ratio than
large-cap stocks. Large-cap stocks represent companies that have a total market capitalization over more
than $5 billion. Based on market conditions, this portfolio may have less diversification at times and may be
more exposed to sector trends than a more diversified portfolio.
VIA employs technical screening methods to forecast revenue and earnings over the next one to two years.
Upon identifying a number of issuers, the selection is further narrowed by applying other investment rules
and financial ratios (such as PE ratio) to evaluate future price prospects. In addition to financial strength,
dividend yield and return on equity, VIA also examines the dividend payout, the debt equity ratio and
forward-looking PE ratios. Finally, we look at companies that also have an established history of buying
back their stock and raising their dividend payments. Although certain industries tend to offer higher yielding
stocks, the additional factors that we employ tend to screen out many less-desirable stocks in certain
industries.
VIA also employs, from time to time, a strategy of writing covered call positions against some or all of the
stocks in the Dividend Portfolio.
The primary purpose of option writing is to earn additional income through premiums received from the
buyers of the call options. By monitoring the volatility, delta and time to expiration, VIA seeks to optimize
the tradeoff between receiving option premium income and the possibility of forgoing future price
appreciation on the underlying stock above the written strike price of the option, until the option expires. At
the same time, the investor receives a small measure of downside protection, to the extent of the net option
premium received, should the price of the stock decline. By adding covered call positions to an existing long
stock position, VIA attempts to enhance the potential overall return in the portfolio.
The goal of a covered call position is for the short option value to decay over time and allow the account
holder to realize a gain, up to the total net option premium received, should the option position expire
worthless. In order to calculate the gain or loss on the overall covered call position, one must measure the
profit or loss realized during the period the covered call option position was open against the profit and loss
of the open securities position during the same time periods.
In addition to covered calls, VIA may, from time to time, purchase out-of-the-money put options to add
downside protection. The ratio of purchased put options may be less than the number of long shares of
stock owned in the account. Please recognize that employing puts to help protect the account is likely to
‐3‐
temper total returns (due to the premium paid to purchase the put options) but does provide some downside
protection against declines in the underlying stocks.
The Fixed Income Portfolio (The I-Portfolio)
On the more conservative end of the spectrum is the Fixed Income Portfolio. A client can choose a taxable
Fixed Income Portfolio, which seeks to provide returns from U.S. government agency securities, corporate
debt and/or preferred stocks, or a non-taxable Portfolio, which seeks to provide returns from municipal
bonds. Fixed income securities are selected using the same methodology as the fixed income segment in
the Balanced Portfolio. The fixed income portfolio seeks to produce total returns over complete market
cycles that exceed returns that may be expected from random trading and passive management strategies.
At the discretion of the manager, the taxable and/or non-taxable fixed income portfolios may consist entirely
of one type of security, such as, for example, government agency securities.
Assets under Management
A. As of December 31, 2025, there are 21 legacy wrap fee accounts with $ 24,974,817 in assets
under management. As of December 31, 2025, VIA has total assets of $ 137,390,338.93 in total
assets under management. Discretionary assets total $ 126,431,127.56 and non-discretionary
assets total $ 10,959,211.37.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Wrap Fee Program Fees and Compensation
The specific manner in which fees are charged by VIA is disclosed in a client's written Investment
Management Agreement with VIA. Fees are deducted from the client's account on a quarterly basis in
arrears. Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar quarter will be charged a prorated fee. Upon
termination of any account, any unpaid fees will be due to VIA and payable on a prorated basis. The
management fee is deducted from the account before distribution of account assets to the client.
VIA ' compensation an asset-based management fee paid on a quarterly basis. There is no separate charge
for brokerage commissions; however, clients normally will be charged any mark-ups or mark-downs on
fixed income securities and other fees described above under "Brokerage." Clients will also incur a small
$0.25 processing charge per transaction when trades are placed in their accounts. The management fee is
payable (in arrears) at the end of each calendar quarter based on the total value of the account (including
net unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments and cash, cash equivalents and accrued interest)
on the last trading day of the quarter.
Clients should be aware that VIAs' advisory fees may be higher than those normally charged by other
investment advisors for comparable advisory services. There may be other investment advisors who can
provide comparable types of advisory services at a lower advisory fee rate.
Annual Asset-Based Management Fee
Representative fee schedules of the annual asset-based management fees (paid quarterly) are listed
below. However, the actual fee may be negotiated with an individual client and for a specific tier may be
higher or lower than what is shown below, but will not exceed the highest fee listed below. The amount of
the fee may vary based on factors at VIA ' discretion, including but not limited to, the amount of the original
investment, if the client has accounts with an affiliated firm and if the client has additional accounts with
VIA. A client will be advised of the management fee prior to opening an account with VIA.
Equity: E-Portfolio
Assets
Fees
‐4‐
2.50%
Up to $250,000
$250,001 - $500,000
2.00%
Over $500,000
Negotiable
‐5‐
Balanced: B-Portfolio
Assets
Fees
Up to $100,000
2.50%
$100,001 - $250,000
2.25%
$250,001 - $500,000
2.00%
$500,001 - $750,000
1.75%
$750,001 - $1,000,000
1.50%
$1,000,001 - $3,000,000 1.25%
Negotiable
Over $3,000,000
Dividend: D-Portfolio
Fees
Assets
Up to $1,000,000
1.00%
Over $1,000,000
Negotiable
Fixed Income: I- Portfolio
Assets
Fees
Up to $100,000
2.00%
1.50%
$100,001 - $750,000
1.25%
$750,001 - $1,000,000
$1,000,001 - $3,000,000 1.00%
Over $3,000,000
Negotiable
In addition to the advisory services provided to clients, the wrap fee program also includes execution of
securities transactions through VFM, or a third-party broker/dealer. VIA requires that clients establish and
maintain a brokerage account at VFM or an approved third party. For accounts opened at
‐6‐
VFM, clients' funds and securities are held at VFM, as custodian, which clears transactions on a fully
disclosed basis for itself. For brokerage accounts opened at a third-party broker/dealer, that firm will custody
the client’s accounts. If the account is an IRA, a qualified custodian will act as custodian.
A client may transfer securities into a wrap fee account on which the client previously has paid a brokerage
commission or similar fee for the purchase of those securities. The wrap fee will be applied to these
securities even though the client previously has paid a commission or fee. In some cases, a client may
have paid VFM compensation for the purchase of the securities. Prior to effecting such a transfer, the client
should consider whether it is appropriate and cost effective to make such a transfer and should consult VIA
prior to doing so.
Wrap fee does not include: (i) annual account fees or other administrative fees, such as wire fees, charged
by VFM; (ii) certain odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, transaction fees mandated by the Securities Act of
1934, postage and handling fees, and charges imposed by law with regard to transactions in the client's
account; and (iii) advisory fees, expenses or sales charges (loads) of mutual funds (including money market
funds), closed-end investment companies or other managed investments, if any, held in the client's account.
The client should be aware that the wrap fee does not cover certain costs associated with securities
transactions in the over-the-counter market, for example, in fixed income securities, where VFM must
approach a dealer or market maker to purchase or sell the security. Such costs include a mark-up, mark-
down or spread and odd-lot differentials or transfer taxes imposed by law. These charges and expenses
are in addition to the wrap fee payable by the client and usually are payable to VFM.
Where VIA decides to purchase mutual funds in client accounts, it will do so through VFM or the third- party
broker/custodian. VIA will not purchase load mutual funds in wrap fee accounts. Mutual funds purchased
will be advisor class funds with no 12b-1 fees.
Clients also should be aware that VIA’s use of VFM may result in the client receiving less favorable execution
on some transactions.
In determining whether to establish a wrap fee account, a client should be aware that the overall cost to the
client in wrap fee may be higher or lower than the client might incur by purchasing separately the types of
securities available in the wrap fee, as well as advisory and brokerage services. To meaningfully compare
the cost of the wrap fee with unbundled services, the client should consider the turnover rate in VIA’s
investment strategies (described above), trading activity in the account and standard advisory fees and
brokerage commissions that would be charged at VFM or at other broker/dealers and investment advisors.
Accordingly, the wrap fee may not be suitable for clients whose accounts have less than a certain number of
transactions per year or for clients who simply want to purchase individual securities.
Performance-Based Fees
VIA will consider reducing its management fees for qualified clients who choose to pay a "performance fee,"
which is based on successful performance in the account. The performance fee is typically 20% of "new
appreciation" in the account over a one-year period, measured initially from the date the account is opened
to the end of the calendar year and, in subsequent years, over the entire year. An IAR managing an account
will receive a portion of the performance fees paid by the client. The amount received by a particular IAR is
agreed upon prior to the IAR's association with VIA and will differ among IARs.
Fee Negotiation
All fees may be subject to negotiation. When negotiating fees, VIA may consider the following factors,
including but not limited to: (i) clients with multiple accounts; (ii) size of the account; (iii) a prior or existing
relationship with a VIA’s affiliate; and (iv) a client's particular needs or financial characteristics. Due to the
fact that fees vary, clients with existing accounts may be charged fees that do not match precisely the
‐7‐
foregoing fee schedules or the fees paid by other clients. Clients will not pay a total fee in excess of 3%
except for the Stock Put Writing and Stock Put Credit-Spread Option Programs.
Non-Wrap Fee Option
VIA also offers discretionary advisory services in the Equity, Balanced and Total Portfolios, and the Stock
Put Writing Program and Stock Put Credit Spread Option Program, where clients will pay for advisory
services and brokerage services separately. Please refer to the first section of VIA's Form ADV Part II for
information regarding the fees for the non-wrap program.
Conflicts of Interest
Because VIA may receive more compensation from a client if the client participates in the wrap fee than if
the client received advisory services and brokerage services separately, VIA has a financial incentive to
recommend the wrap fee to clients over other types of advisory services.
Because of the single fee charged to a wrap fee account, VIA has a conflict of interest in that it may realize
a greater profit on a wrap fee account with a relatively low rate of portfolio turnover compared to other types
of accounts, assuming the same level of fees.
VIA may give advice to others that may be different from the advice given to wrap fee clients.
Item 6. Types of Clients
VIA caters primarily to affluent individuals and their retirement accounts, family offices and family investment
vehicles who seek an approach to capital appreciation by investing in established stocks with demonstrable
prospects for growth coupled with a strategic covered call writing program. VIA’s investment programs are
also suitable for institutional investors such as corporate pension plans, trusts, endowments and charitable
organizations with similar investment objectives.
In order for its investment program to achieve a greater level of diversification, VIA recommends that clients
deposit at least $100,000 in their account; however, VIA will accommodate clients who wish to deposit less,
but with a potential loss of diversification in the account.
Item 7. Portfolio Manager Selection, Evaluation and Risk of Loss
VIA is the portfolio manager for each portfolio in VIA’s Wrap Fee program. VIA provides discretionary
advisory services in the Equity, Balanced, Dividend and Fixed Income Portfolios, as described above under
"Advisory Services," beginning on page 1. There can be no assurance that the methods described above
will be successful or that clients will not suffer losses. Clients should be aware that each investment portfolio
involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. Clients who open margin accounts should be
aware that margin involves the use of leverage, and clients may lose more money than they deposit in the
margin account.
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Clients who open margin accounts will be provided with the full margin disclosure documents.
However, they should be aware of the following:
• They may lose more funds than are deposited in the margin account;
• The client’s brokerage firm, whether VFM, or third-party brokerage firm, can liquidate any
position to cover a margin deficiency;
• The client’s brokerage firm, whether VFM, or third-party brokerage firm, can liquidate
positions without first contacting the client;
• Clients are not entitled to choose which securities or other assets in their account(s) are
liquidated or sold to meet a margin call;
• VFM or third-party firm can increase its "house" maintenance margin requirements at any time
and are not required to provide advanced written notice to clients; and
• Clients are not entitled to an extension of time on a margin call.
VIA's investments in the equity portion of its portfolios are concentrated in large-cap stocks with market
capitalizations generally over $5 billion. These stocks are listed on exchanges and typically are seasoned
companies with a history of earnings displaying particular growth characteristics. VIA may also purchase
mid-cap stocks that exhibit similar characteristics and preferred stocks. If a client's circumstances warrant,
VIA may also recommend an independent CTA or another investment advisor to manage a portion of the
account in managed futures or securities, as applicable, and the client should expect to be charged a fee
for this service in addition to the commissions charged by the CTA.
VIA offers advice on equity securities (exchange-listed, over-the-counter and foreign issuers), corporate
debt securities, commercial paper, municipal securities, mutual funds, U.S. government securities and
option contracts on securities.
VIA focuses primarily on long-term investing with a growth-oriented approach supported by technical
analytical methods to determine target prices in its Equity and Balanced Portfolios. Drawing from traditional
and electronic information sources such as financial reports, SEC filings, Bloomberg, various rating services
and nationally recognized research services such as Value Line, VIA conducts primary research. Heavy
emphasis is placed on factors such as (i) revenues and income growth; (ii) dominant industry position; (iii)
large-cap status; (iv) return on equity; and (v) companies that favor stock repurchase programs. In addition,
Vision pursues enhanced yield and a measure of downside protection through closely monitored covered
call option writing.
VIA may use one or more of these investment strategies: (a) long term purchases [securities held at least
a year]; (b) short term purchases [securities sold within a year]; (c) margin transactions; and (d) option
writing, including covered options, uncovered options or spread strategies.
Special Considerations
Although the stocks selected in the Portfolios are generally established companies in their industries, there
are counterbalancing factors in considering an investment in these portfolios:
• Many of the companies selected for purchase are growth companies or are poised for active growth
and may have higher price/earnings ratios than the market as a whole. Such stocks may be more
vulnerable to market declines from earnings disappointments or adverse factors that inhibit a
company's ability to carry out the plan on which the growth prospects were based.
• Because the companies in the Equity Portfolio typically conduct business globally and have
significant operations or product distribution in countries outside the U.S., their earnings can be
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impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency rates.
Risks of Option Writing Strategies
There are certain risks associated with the option writing strategies employed in the Equity, Dividend and
Balanced Portfolios.
In a rising market, a call option written to protect the portfolio or an individual stock position within the
portfolio may reduce upside potential above the strike price of the option. As options expire or experience
increased market volatility, it may be more difficult to manage the covered call positions for maximum
economic advantage. Likewise, market volatility may drop around the time of the expiration and result in
lower premium income attainable when "rolling over" an options position. Option commissions have a much
greater impact on smaller accounts than they do on larger accounts.
All clients engaging in options transactions, regardless of the portfolio they select, will receive a copy of the
brochure Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options (and any supplements) at or prior to opening
an options account. Clients whose accounts are using options strategies, in addition to covered calls, will
also receive the margin and uncovered options disclosure forms.
Mutual Funds
In selecting a mutual fund there are key factors and risks to consider:
• Ability to tolerate a fund's investment strategy, risk profile, investment performance and relationship
to the overall asset allocation strategy and investment time horizon;
• A fund's fees and expenses can have an impact on its investment returns and are important factors
as well; and
• The information and risks for a mutual fund in its respective prospectus.
Miscellaneous
Given that clients may have a variety of investments, each investment selection will pose various risks that
must be considered or may be complex to understand. Many of these risks continue even if the client
decides to no longer have VIA or their current IAR manage their investment. Here are some material
examples:
Call Risk
A callable provision of a security allows the issuer to call or repay early. If interest rates drop low enough
an issuer can save money by calling the security and issuing a new security at lower interest rate. If this
happens the interest payments will cease, and clients will receive their principal early.
Complex Products
Complex products usually include more than one risk from any embedded features. Examples include
structured products, equity-indexed annuities, leveraged and inverse exchange-traded funds, principal
protected notes, reverse convertibles and commodity future-linked securities.
Counterparty or Credit Risk
The risk to each party of a contract that the counterparty will not live up to its contractual obligations.
Counterparty risk as a risk to both parties and in most financial contracts, counterparty risk is also known
as "default risk". This may necessitate having to buy in or sell at a price not otherwise anticipated as part
of a strategy.
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Exotic-Exposure Risk
Complex strategies that move beyond plain-vanilla stocks and bonds have a host of complex risks and
require the ability to understand the risks and bear the losses.
Hot-New-Thing Risk or Crowded-Trade Risk
Markets that "believe the hype" often artificially increase and alternatively decrease the value of the security
in the market. As money rushes in the attractiveness of a particular asset will diminish. Some of these new
asset classes have limits on liquidity. If the money rushes out the valuations could also be harmed. This
can cause the need for additional funding to preserve the position or force liquidation or buy-in.
Inflation Risk
Inflation risk is a particular concern for investors who are planning to live off their bond income, although
inflation is a factor everyone should consider. The risk is that inflation will rise and reduce the purchasing
power of the income.
Interest Rate Risk
Depending on the economic environment and market conditions -- both of which can be affected
significantly by a change in interest rates -- the value of products that have an interest rate sensitivity can
be affected (e.g., bonds). However, if you hold a bond until maturity, interest rate risk is a lesser concern.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that you might not be able to buy or sell investments quickly for a price that is close
to the true underlying value of the asset. Even though a security is liquid when purchased, bad news or
other events may cause a sudden change in liquidity and even the freeze of trading a security.
Shutdown Risk
If a fund is liquidated and shareholders are paid in cash or in kind the client should expect to realize capital
gains or losses, transaction costs, uneven tracking, legal costs or various other possibilities during the
liquidation process which will go to the shareholders as of a record date.
Tax Risk
Determining long and short-term tax implications is something the client must be sure to understand and
consult with a tax professional as necessary. For example, where an investment has the possibility of a
cash flow consequence that substantially impacts the client's ability to pay tax liabilities.
Spread Risk
Spread, which is the difference between the bid and offer prices of security, can vary from one penny to
many dollars and may change substantially over an investor's holding period. When spread widens during
the holding period, it will be costlier to close out a position than anticipated.
Item 8. Performance Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
VIA may consider reducing its advisory fees for qualified clients who choose to pay a performance fee. The
fact that some client accounts could (but do not currently) pay performance fees while others do not could
create a conflict for VIA. VIA would have an incentive to favor client accounts paying a performance fee by
placing more profitable trades in those accounts. VIA would address this conflict by allocating its trades
equally among all client accounts in a given portfolio without regard to whether such account pays any
performance compensation.
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Item 9. Proxy Voting
VIA does not vote any proxies for securities or exercise voting rights pertaining to investments in a client's
account (including, without limitation to, matters relating to conversions, exchanges, mergers, stock splits,
rights, offerings, recapitalizations and reorganizations). VIA will also not act for clients in any legal
proceedings, including bankruptcies or class actions, involving securities held or previously held by a client's
account. It is the client's responsibility to vote any proxies for securities, exercise voting rights, or take any
legal actions pertaining to investments in his or her account.
The clients’ broker/dealer, and not VIA, is responsible for timely transmission of any proxy material to the
client. The client's broker/dealer will mail proxies or other communications pertaining to investments in the
client's account directly to the client either electronically or by regular mail. For clients whose brokerage
accounts are with VFM, VIA may retain a third-party vendor to mail all notices pertaining to proxies. Clients
whose brokerage accounts are with a third-party broker will obtain proxy notifications as arranged by that
firm.
Clients should contact their broker/dealer or custodian if they do not receive proxies or other mailings
pertaining to investments in the account.
Item 10. Client Information Provided to Portfolio Managers
VIA acts as both the sponsor of the VIA’s Wrap Fee Program and the portfolio manager for the Portfolios
that are offered in these programs.
Item 11. Client Contact with Portfolio Managers
There are no restrictions on client ability to contact VIA in its capacity as the portfolio manager for the
Portfolios offered in the Wrap fee.
Item 12. Additional Information
Disciplinary Information
VIA is required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary events that would be material
to your evaluation of it or the integrity of its management.
A. Criminal or Civil Actions
Vision Investment Advisors, LLC has no material information applicable to this section. Vision
Advisor's affiliates during the course of their ordinary business operations encounter various
customer disputes that may result in arbitration, none of which at this time is believed to have
any material impact to VIA’s operations or financial condition.
B. Administrative Enforcement Proceedings
Vision Investment Advisors, LLC has no material information applicable to this section.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization Enforcement Proceedings
Information is readily available on VIA’s affiliates and its IARs as associated persons at
www.brokercheck.com or at www.nfa.futures.org.
However, one of its “management persons” (Howard Rothman) consented to a one count complaint
and undertaking which was issued by the NFA Business Conduct Committee (BCC), NFA Case No.
11-BCC-003. This alleged that that while he was an associated person and listed principal of a
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Future Commission Merchant and Commodity Pool Operator the BCC stated he violated NFA Rule
2-9(A); no fine was imposed upon him.
Item 13. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
VIA is affiliated, through common ownership, with VFM. VFM are broker/dealers registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission and members of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA").
High Ridge Futures, an NFA registered introducing broker, is also under common ownership and control.
VIA is also a Commodity Trading Advisor (CTA) registered with the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission and a member of the National Futures Association. Clients who are considering investing with
VIA as a CTA must be provided with the current Disclosure Document of Vision Investment Advisors, LLC
as a Commodity Trading Advisor prior to opening a CTA account and must sign an acknowledgement form
that they have received the document. The disclosure document describes some of the risks of futures
trading along with VIA’s conflicts of interest from engaging in this activity.
Assets invested with VIA in its capacity as an RIA are held in custody with VIA. Assets invested with VIA
as a CTA and NFA member are held at ADM Investor Services Inc.
All of the management persons of VIA are engaged in other endeavors and business ventures. Certain
management persons are Registered Representatives of VFM and/or Associated Persons with High Ridge
Futures.
More specifically:
Howard M. Rothman, born in 1961, is the CEO, Chief Investment Officer and trading principal of Vision
Investment Advisors, LLC. He has held this position since September 20, 2000. In this role, he has provided
securities, options and fixed income managed account to high net-worth clients. Over the past 30 years,
Rothman has been involved in executive management in the stock, stock option, and futures brokerage
industry. Currently, he is a principal of High Ridge Futures, LLC, a registered introducing broker. Rothman
has been a principal since the initial registration of the firm on October 30, 2014 and an Associated Person
and an NFA member since November 28, 2014. Rothman is the Financial Principal, known as the “FINOP,”
of Vision Financial Markets, LLC, a self-clearing securities broker-dealer. As a securities principal. Rothman
holds the following qualifications: General Securities Representative (Series 7); General Securities Principal
(Series 24); Financial and Operations Principal “FINOP” (Series 27); Registered Options Principal “ROP”
(Series 4); and Uniform Investment Advisor (Series 66). Rothman has been registered since July 1999 with
both Vision Financial Markets, LLC and Vision Brokerage Services. He is a 1983 Public Accounting
graduate of New York University’s Stern School of Business. He began his college education at Fordham
University, Bronx, New York.
Robert Boshnack currently has no administrative responsibilities with VIA and is not involved in the day-to-
day activities of VIA. Mr. Boshnack has functioned as President of Whitehall Investment Management Inc.,
a registered Futures Introducing Broker, since November 1984. He is a currently a managing member of High
Ridge Futures LLC, an affiliated independent introducing futures broker.
John M. Karafa is the Chief Compliance Officer for VIA and has been associated with VIA since August
2014. Mr. Karafa is also the Chief Compliance Officer for Vision Financial Markets LLC. He is also the Anti
Money Laundering Compliance Officer for Vision Investment Advisors LLC, Vision Financial Markets LLC
and is a Vice President at High Ridge Futures LLC. Prior to August 2019, he was the VP of Trading for
Vision’s affiliated entities. Before joining Vision, Mr. Karafa was a Head Trader at Source Capital Group,
Inc. Mr. Karafa currently holds FINRA Series 3, 4, 7, 24, 53, 57, 63, and 66 licenses along with his life
insurance and variable licenses. Mr. Karafa is a Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (CAMS) and
he holds a bachelor’s
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degree in Management from Fairfield University.
Additional information may be available in the brochure supplements for each IAR of VIA upon request.
VIA, through its discretionary authority, will, in the absence of a direction to the contrary by a client, establish
brokerage accounts for its advisory clients at VFM or with a third-party firm approved by VIA (See Appendix
1). VFM is a SEC registered broker/dealers and FINRA Member Firms. VIA will buy and sell orders for its
advisory accounts through, VFM, or a third-party firm. VIA may also use third-party trading platforms and
the client assets in those account would be held directly at that firm.
VIA may recommend an independent CTA to a client for management of a portion of the client's account in
managed futures. VIA typically receives a fee or generates execution charges on investments that it
recommends be placed with CTAs. The costs associated with investing with each CTA are determined on
a case-by-case basis and are disclosed to the client in writing prior to investment.
Conflicts of Interest
VIA's IARs are fiduciaries who are required to act in the best interest of its client at all times. Conflicts of
interests can and do arise and VIA will attempt to resolve them in ways that will not unfairly harm its clients.
Examples of potential conflicts include where VIA or its affiliates:
• Could make a gain or avoid a loss at a client's expense;
• Have an interest in the outcome of a decision or service which is not the same as the client's;
• Have incentives to favor one client over another;
• Have incentives to favor a service provider that is not the best solution for the client; and
• Are not entirely impartial in making this appraisal in view of each other.
In cases where VIA has interests that conflict with clients, VIA manages them by disclosing the conflicts
(e.g., the terms and conditions under which it operates or its motivations) and by mitigating them by acting
in the clients' best interest. It may suggest to clients that they should make an alternative selection or make
an informed choice to accept the terms under such conditions. The following are some of those conflicts of
interest, and others are noted elsewhere in this document.
Howard Rothman, the Chief Executive Officer, and Managing Member of VIA, and Robert Boshnack,
Principal of VIA, are also the principals of VFM and High Ridge Futures LLC ("affiliates"). As owners of
these affiliates, Messrs. Rothman and Boshnack have a financial interest in all revenue received by its
affiliates from transactions generated in the accounts of clients when managed by VIA. Messrs. Rothman
and Boshnack do not earn commissions directly from the transactions conducted through affiliates.
Registered Representatives of affiliates can charge commissions for transactions or receive a portion of
Vision Advisor's fee for referring the client to VIA but will not charge both. See Item 14 "Client Referrals and
Other Compensation" for more information. VIA and IARs share compensation received from the clients.
There are financial incentives to select an investment or third-party manager that results in the highest
compensation. VIA has an incentive to engage in a higher volume or higher paying investment than would
be the case in the absence of such a relationship. VIA and affiliates monitor IAR activity for client accounts.
Clients may negotiate with other brokers to effect transactions.
IARs are required to disclose any affiliations with broker/dealers and investment advisors as well as any
outside business activity. This information is disclosed to clients in the IAR's personal brochure, which is
provided to clients prior to the execution of an investment management agreement. Other IARs may
dedicate their time solely to advisory activities.
VIA affiliate fees and expenses are competitive but may be higher than otherwise available elsewhere.
Clients must consent by written agreement to the terms of services, which are negotiable on a case-by-
case basis.
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Affiliates may utilize third-parties for executing transactions, which may result in the client receiving less
favorable execution on some transactions. VIA and affiliates conduct best execution reviews for this
purpose. Clients may obtain execution from other brokers.
VIA and IARs may recommend third-party managers to manage a portion of the client's assets. A client
may pay higher fees when investing through an IAR rather than directly with VIA or a third-party manager.
Clients can contract directly with third parties or VIA.
VIA or an IAR may give different advice on the same securities to different clients based upon on the client's
specific goals and objectives. Therefore, it may purchase securities for one client while, at the same time,
selling the same securities for another client based upon each client's goals and objectives.
There are no restrictions on a client's ability to contact VIA in its capacity as the investment advisor or the
IAR managing a client's account. Clients who have questions should contact VIA.
Secured Demand Note Account Holders
Vision Investment Advisors currently manages the collateral accounts of persons who have entered into
secured demand notes with VFM pursuant to secured demand note agreements between those persons and
VFM. As noted above, Vision Investment Advisors is affiliated through common ownership with VFM. Mr.
Rothman, owner and President of VFM, may have an incentive to establish such accounts for Vision
Investment Advisors and/or manage such accounts for VFM’s benefit. There is a potential conflict of interest
between VFM’s interest as the pledgee of the collateral underlying the secured demand notes, including
VFM’s right to sell the collateral under certain circumstances, and Vision Investment Advisor’s interest as
adviser to the collateral accounts. However, all secured demand note agreements are executed pursuant to
discussions with VFM, and Vision Investment Advisors does not recommend or solicit clients to enter into
secured demand note arrangements or related collateral accounts. If a client enters into a secured demand
note agreement with VFM after discussions with VFM, Vision Investment Advisors will manage the resulting
collateral account. All collateral accounts are managed by Vision Investment Advisors under a standard
advisory agreement. Clients investing in Secured Demand Notes may receive differing rates or durations as
agreed upon with Vision.
Item 14. Code of Ethics, Participation in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
VIA has adopted a Code of Ethics that is designed to detect and prevent conflicts of interest. The Code of
Ethics contains various trading restrictions. Access persons under the Code also are required to report any
violations of the Code to VIA’s Chief Compliance Officer, report on a quarterly and annual basis their
personal securities transactions and holdings and comply with all applicable Federal securities laws. The
Chief Compliance Officer or designee is required to review and monitor reports of personal securities
transactions. Clients and prospective clients may obtain a copy of VIA’s Code of Ethics at any time on
request.
VIA may recommend and purchase in the various portfolios offered to clients, securities of issuers that are
also purchased, sold or held by VIA and its officers, directors, associates, employees and affiliates and their
pension or retirement plans. Certain proprietary accounts and VFM's pension and profit-sharing plan may
pay lower advisory fees and commissions than paid by clients. Because the investment objectives and
personal circumstances of those persons may differ from those of their clients, the timing of such
transactions may not coincide with the timing of the portfolio transactions for clients. In addition, VIA and its
principals, associates, employees, affiliates and their retirement accounts may purchase or sell securities that
they do not recommend to or include in client portfolios because such securities do not meet the investment
guidelines established for client portfolios. In such instances, VIA is not obligated to offer clients the
opportunity to invest or purchase such securities. VIA is nonetheless mindful of its fiduciary duties and will
not deprive clients of, or appropriate to its own advantage, investment opportunities that are suitable for
client accounts. Because of the liquidity of the markets for the type of securities purchased in its Equity,
Balanced, Dividend and Fixed Income Portfolios, VIA does not anticipate the potential for conflicts in the
personal securities transactions of its principals or employees. As a precaution, however, VIA will place
proprietary orders on the same side of a transaction on the same day for the same security simultaneously
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with orders placed for client accounts. Where there is a difference in execution prices, VIA will give its
clients the better prices or fill all orders on the average pricing method.
Item 15. Review of Accounts
Accounts are reviewed on a regular basis. When market conditions, economic events or individual issuers
prompt immediate review, accounts are reviewed more frequently and may be subject to daily monitoring.
This is an ongoing process of analysis to ensure that client objectives are being met and tactical
adjustments are made to respond to changing market conditions.
Clients receive statements directly from the custodian, VFM, an affiliate of VIA, which carries the accounts
as a registered broker/dealer. Wrap fee clients receive monthly reports from the custodian whenever there
is activity in the account, and quarterly regardless of account activity, reflecting cash and securities
positions' market value at the end of the month and the change in value from the previous period. In addition,
clients receive confirmations directly from the custodian anytime a trade is done in the account. When the
account is an IRA, then a custodian such as Sterling Trust Company or other qualified custodian will be the
IRA custodian, but the statements will still come from VFM.
VIA has a Web site related to its advisory services, www.advicewithvision.com, which is available to its
clients. Clients whose accounts are maintained at Vision Financial Markets LLC may access their brokerage
accounts and obtain market information at www.visionfinancialmarkets.com.
Item 16. Financial Information
VIA is required in this section to provide you with certain financial information or disclosures about
its financial condition. VIA has no financial commitment that impairs its ability to meet contractual
and fiduciary commitments to clients.
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