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Item 1
Cover Page
WPG Advisers, LLC
Brochure
Dated: March 27, 2026
Contact: Nicole Reese, Chief Compliance Officer
3600 O’Donnell Street, Suite 860
Baltimore, Maryland 21224
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of WPG
Advisers, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at
(410) 522-2030. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about WPG Advisers, LLC also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
References herein to as a “registered investment adviser” or any reference to being “registered” does
not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2
Material Changes
There have been no material changes made to WPG Advisers’ Brochure since its last Annual Amendment
filing, made on March 28, 2025.
Item 3
Table of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page .................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 Material Changes .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4 Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................ 3
Fees and Compensation .............................................................................................................. 12
Item 5
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .......................................................... 13
Item 6
Item 7
Types of Clients .......................................................................................................................... 14
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................................... 14
Item 9 Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................................ 17
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................. 17
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.............. 18
Item 12 Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 19
Item 13 Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................... 20
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................. 21
Item 15 Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Item 16
Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 21
Item 17 Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 22
Item 18 Financial Information ................................................................................................................. 22
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Item 4
Advisory Business
A. WPG Advisers, LLC (the “Registrant”) is a limited liability company formed in July 2017
in the state of Maryland. The Registrant became registered as an Investment Adviser Firm
in September 2018. The Registrant is owned by Todd Paradise and Steven Gessner.
B.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
The Registrant provides discretionary and/or non-discretionary investment advisory
services on a fee basis. The Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be based
upon a percentage (%) of the market value and type of assets placed under the Registrant’s
management, generally between negotiable and 1.00%.
Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall include investment advisory services,
and, to the extent specifically requested by the client, financial planning and consulting
services. In the event that the client requires extraordinary planning and/or consultation
services (to be determined in the sole discretion of the Registrant), the Registrant may
determine to charge for such additional services, the dollar amount of which shall be set
forth in a separate written notice to the client.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES (STAND-ALONE)
The Registrant may be engaged to provide financial planning and/or consulting services
(including investment and non-investment related matters, including estate planning,
insurance planning, etc.) on a stand-alone separate fee basis.
Prior to engaging the Registrant to provide planning or consulting services, clients are
generally required to enter into a Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement with
Registrant setting forth the terms and conditions of the engagement (including
termination), describing the scope of the services to be provided, and the portion of the fee
that is due from the client prior to Registrant commencing services.
If requested by the client, Registrant may recommend the services of other professionals
for implementation purposes, including certain of the Registrant’s Principals and
representatives in their individual capacities as licensed insurance agents. (See disclosure
at Item 10.C). The client is under no obligation to engage the services of any such
recommended professional. The client retains absolute discretion over all such
implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from the
Registrant.
If the client engages any recommended unaffiliated professional, and a dispute arises
thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from
and against the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional (i.e.,
attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be responsible for
the quality and competency of the services provided.
It remains the client’s responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any
change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing,
evaluating or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
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RETIREMENT PLAN SERVICES
The Registrant also provides pension consulting services, pursuant to which it assists
sponsors of self-directed retirement plans with the selection and/or monitoring of
investment alternatives (generally open-end mutual funds) from which plan participants
shall choose in self-directing the investments for their individual plan retirement accounts.
In addition, to the extent requested by the plan sponsor, the Registrant shall also provide
participant education designed to assist participants in identifying the appropriate
investment strategy for their retirement plan accounts. The terms and conditions of the
engagement shall generally be set forth in a Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement
between the Registrant and the plan sponsor.
To the extent requested by the plan sponsor, the Registrant may provide managed portfolios
as an investment option to plan participants. The Registrant manages these portfolios on a
discretionary and/or non-discretionary basis and therefore may be providing services as
either a 3(21) or a 3(38) fiduciary.
MISCELLANEOUS
Limitations of Financial Planning and Non-Investment Consulting/Implementation
Services. As indicated above, to the extent requested by a client, Registrant may provide
financial planning and related consulting services. Neither the Registrant nor its investment
adviser representatives assist clients with the implementation of any financial plan, unless
they have agreed to do so in writing. The Registrant does not monitor a client’s financial
plan, and it is the client’s responsibility to revisit the financial plan with the Registrant, if
desired.
The Registrant may provide financial planning and related consulting services regarding
non-investment related matters, such as estate planning, tax planning, insurance, etc.
Registrant does not serve as an attorney or accountant, and no portion of its services should
be construed as legal or accounting services. Accordingly, Registrant does not prepare
estate planning documents or tax returns.
To the extent requested by a client, Registrant may recommend the services of other
professionals for certain non-investment implementation purpose (i.e., attorneys,
accountants, insurance agents, etc.), including representatives of Registrant in their
separate individual capacities as licensed insurance agents. The client is under no
obligation to engage the services of any such recommended professional. The client retains
absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject
any recommendation from Registrant and/or its representatives.
If the client engages any recommended unaffiliated professional, and a dispute arises
thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from
and against the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional[s]
(i.e., attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be
responsible for the quality and competency of the services provided.
Retirement Plan Rollovers – No Obligation / Conflict of Interest. A client or
prospective client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing
retirement plan (and may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money in
the former employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s
plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual
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Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account value (which could, depending
upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax consequences). If Registrant recommends that a
client roll over their retirement plan assets into an account to be managed by Registrant,
such a recommendation creates a conflict of interest if Registrant will earn new (or increase
its current) compensation as a result of the rollover. If Registrant provides a
recommendation as to whether a client should engage in a rollover or not, Registrant is
acting as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing
retirement accounts. No client is under any obligation to roll over retirement plan assets
to an account managed by Registrant.
Use of Mutual Funds. While the Registrant may recommend allocating investment assets
to mutual funds that are not available directly to the public, the Registrant may also
recommend that clients allocate investment assets to publicly-available mutual funds that
the client could obtain without engaging Registrant as an investment adviser. However, if
a client or prospective client determines to allocate investment assets to publicly-available
mutual funds without engaging Registrant as an investment adviser, the client or
prospective client would not receive the benefit of Registrant’s initial and ongoing
investment advisory services.
Affiliated Private Investment Funds. The Registrant is the General Partner of the Zebra
Municipal Bond Arbitrage Fund, LP (the “affiliated private funds”). The Registrant, on a
non-discretionary basis, may recommend that qualified clients consider allocating a portion
of their investment assets to the affiliated private fund. The terms and conditions for
participation in the affiliated private fund, including management and incentive fees,
conflicts of interest, and risk factors, are set forth in the fund’s offering documents.
Registrant’s clients are under absolutely no obligation to consider or make an investment
in a private investment fund(s).
Unaffiliated Private Investment Funds. Registrant may also recommend that certain
qualified clients consider an investment in unaffiliated private investment funds.
Registrant’s role relative to the private investment funds shall be limited to its initial and
ongoing due diligence and investment monitoring services. Registrant’s clients are under
absolutely no obligation to consider or make an investment in a private investment fund(s).
Fund Risk Factors Private investment funds, including the affiliated private investment
fund, generally involve various risk factors, including, but not limited to, potential for
complete loss of principal, liquidity constraints and lack of transparency, a complete
discussion of which is set forth in each fund’s offering documents, which will be provided
to each client for review and consideration. Unlike liquid investments that a client may
own, private investment funds do not provide daily liquidity or pricing.
Each prospective client investor will be required to complete a Subscription Agreement,
pursuant to which the client shall establish that he/she is qualified for investment in the
fund, and acknowledges and accepts the various risk factors that are associated with such
an investment.
Fund Valuation. In the event that the Registrant references the affiliated private investment
fund, or any unaffiliated private investment fund owned by the client on any supplemental
account reports, the values for all private investment fund investments will generally reflect
the most recent value. The current value of the any private investment fund could be
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significantly more or less than the original purchase price or the price reflected in any
supplemental account report. Furthermore, if the affiliated private investment fund has
invested in a third-party fund, the investment manager of that fund is responsible for
determining the value of interests in that fund. The Registrant will rely on values provided
by the third-party fund’s manager.
Non-Discretionary Service Limitations. Clients that determine to engage the Registrant
on a non-discretionary investment advisory basis must be willing to accept that the
Registrant cannot effect any account transactions without obtaining prior consent to any
such transaction(s) from the client. Therefore, in the event of a market correction during
which the client is unavailable, the Registrant will be unable to effect any account
transactions (as it would for its discretionary clients) without first obtaining the client’s
consent.
Structured Notes. Registrant may purchase Structured Notes for client accounts. A
Structured Note is a financial instrument that combines two elements, a debt security and
exposure to an underlying asset or assets. It is essentially a note, carrying counter party
risk of the issuer. However, the return on the note is linked to the return of an underlying
asset or assets (such as the S&P 500 Index or commodities). It is this latter feature that
makes structured products unique, as the payout can be used to provide some degree of
principal protection, leveraged returns (but usually with some cap on the maximum return),
and be tailored to a specific market or economic view. Structured Notes will generally be
subject to liquidity constraints, such that the sale thereof before maturity will be limited,
and any sale before the maturity date could result in a substantial loss. There can be no
assurance that the Structured Notes investment will be profitable, equal any historical
performance level(s), or prove successful.
If the issuer of the Structured Note defaults, the entire value of the investment could be
lost.
Interval Funds. Where appropriate, Registrant may utilize interval funds (and other types
of securities that could pose additional risks, including lack of liquidity and restrictions on
withdrawals). An interval fund is a non-traditional type of closed-end mutual fund that
periodically offers to buy back a percentage of outstanding shares from shareholders.
Investments in an interval fund involve additional risk, including lack of liquidity and
restrictions on withdrawals.
During any time periods outside of the specified repurchase offer window(s), investors will
be unable to sell their shares of the interval fund. There is no assurance that an investor
will be able to tender shares when or in the amount desired. There can also be situations
where an interval fund has a limited amount of capacity to repurchase shares and may not
be able to fulfill all purchase orders. In addition, the eventual sale price for the interval
fund could be less than the interval fund value on the date that the sale was requested.
While an internal fund periodically offers to repurchase a portion of its securities, there is
no guarantee that investors may sell their shares at any given time or in the desired amount.
As interval funds can expose investors to liquidity risk, investors should consider interval
fund shares to be an illiquid investment. Typically, the interval funds are not listed on any
securities exchange and are not publicly traded. Therefore, there is no secondary market
for the fund’s shares.
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Because these types of investments involve certain additional risk, these funds will only be
utilized when consistent with a client’s investment objectives, individual situation,
suitability, tolerance for risk and liquidity needs. Investment should be avoided where an
investor has a short-term investing horizon and/or cannot bear the loss of some, or all, of
the investment. There can be no assurance that an interval fund investment will prove
profitable or successful. In light of these enhanced risks, a client may direct Registrant, in
writing, not to purchase interval funds for the client’s account.
Closed-end Funds. Closed-end funds generally do not continually offer their shares for
sale. Rather, they sell a fixed number of shares at one time, after which the shares typically
trade on a secondary market, such as the New York Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ Stock
Market. Risk factors pertaining to closed-end funds vary from fund to fund. The following
list of risk factors provides a review of those associated with generalized closed-end fund
investing. Not every risk factor in this list will pertain to each closed-end fund.
Valuation Risk Common: shares may trade above (a premium) or below (a discount)
the net asset value (NAV) of the trust/fund’s portfolio. At times, discounts could widen
or premiums could shrink, and could either dilute positive performance or compound
negative performance. There is no assurance that discounted funds will appreciate to
their NAV.
Interest Rate Risk Generally: when market interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice
versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that the bonds and/or other income-related
instruments in a fund’s portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market
interest rates. The prices of longer-maturity securities tend to fluctuate more than
shorter-term security prices.
Credit Risk: one or more securities in a trust/fund’s portfolio could decline or fail to
pay interest or principal when due. Income-related securities of below investment
grade quality are predominately speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay
interest and repay principal when due and, therefore, involve a greater risk of default.
Concentration Risk: a trust/fund that invests a substantial portion of its assets in
securities within a single industry or sector of the economy may be subject to greater
price volatility or adversely affected by the performance of securities in that particular
sector or industry.
Reinvestment Risk Income: from a trust/fund’s bond portfolio will decline when the
trust/fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded, or called bonds at market interest
rates that are below the portfolio's current earnings rate. A decline in income could
affect the common shares' market price or their overall returns.
Leverage Risk: the use of leverage may lead to increased volatility of a trust/fund’s
NAV and market price relative to its common shares. Leverage is likely to magnify
any losses in the trust/fund’s portfolio, which may lead to increased market price
declines. Fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings or the dividend rates on preferred
shares that take place from changes in short-term interest rates may reduce the return
to common shareholders or result in fluctuations in the dividends paid on common
shares. There is no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful.
Foreign Investment Risk: investment in foreign securities (both governmental and
corporate) may involve a high degree of risk. Trusts/funds invested in foreign securities
are subject to additional risks such as, but not limited to, currency risk and exchange-
rate risk, political instability, and economic instability of the countries from where the
securities originate. In regards to debt securities, such risks may impair the timely
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payment of principal and/or interest. Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) A trust/fund
may invest in securities subject to the alternative minimum tax.
Independent Managers. For those clients that require an enhanced and/or specialized
level of investment management services, Registrant may also recommend that certain
clients authorize the Registrant to allocate, on a non-discretionary basis, the active
discretionary management of a portion of their assets by and/or among certain independent
investment manager(s) to be selected by the Registrant (the “Independent Manager(s)”),
based upon the stated investment objectives of the client and according to the terms and
conditions of a separate agreement executed between the client and the Independent
Manager. The Registrant shall continue to render ongoing and continuous advisory services
to the client relative to the monitoring and review of account performance, client
investment objectives, and asset allocation, for which Registrant shall receive an annual
advisory fee which is based upon a percentage of the market value of the assets being
managed by the designated Independent Manager(s).
Factors which the Registrant shall consider in recommending Independent Manager(s)
include the client’s stated investment objective(s), management style, performance,
reputation, financial strength, reporting, pricing, and research. The Registrant generally
has the authority to determine the broker-dealer/custodian to be used by the designated
Independent Manager(s) relative to those accounts for which the Independent Manager(s)
provide discretionary investment management services for Registrant’s clients. The
investment management fees charged by the designated Independent Manager(s), together
with the fees charged by the corresponding designated broker-dealer/custodian of the
client’s assets, are exclusive of, and in addition to, Registrant’s ongoing investment
advisory fee. Fees charged by Registrant pursuant to the use of Independent Manager(s)
may be either in advance or arrears depending upon the specific Independent Manager
relationship, and will be disclosed to the client at the point of entering into the advisory
relationship.
the
Socially Responsible (ESG) Investing Limitations. Socially Responsible Investing
involves
incorporation of Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)
considerations into the investment due diligence process. Registrant does not maintain or
advocate an ESG investment strategy but will seek to employ ESG if directed by a client
to do so. If implemented, Registrant shall rely upon the assessments undertaken by the
unaffiliated mutual fund, exchange traded fund or separate account portfolio manager to
determine that the fund’s or portfolio’s underlying company securities meet a socially
responsible mandate.
ESG investing incorporates a set of criteria/factors used in evaluating potential
investments: Environmental (i.e., considers how a company safeguards the environment);
Social (i.e., the manner in which a company manages relationships with its employees,
customers, and the communities in which it operates); and Governance (i.e., company
management considerations). The number of companies that meet an acceptable ESG
mandate can be limited when compared to those that do not and could underperform broad
market indices.
Investors must accept these limitations, including potential for underperformance.
Correspondingly, the number of ESG mutual funds and exchange-traded funds are limited
when compared to those that do not maintain such a mandate. As with any type of
investment (including any investment and/or investment strategies recommended and/or
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undertaken by Registrant), there can be no assurance that investment in ESG securities or
funds will be profitable or prove successful.
Artificial Intelligence. The Registrant may use certain Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) tools
in connection with its investment advisory services. The Registrant has adopted an AI
Policy that governs the appropriate use of AI tools to ensure that the Registrant and its
employees abide by their fiduciary duty and comply with all applicable regulations. AI
tools are not used by the Registrant as a substitute for professional judgment by the
Registrant or its employees, and all AI generated output is reviewed by the Registrant for
accuracy. All investment decisions and recommendations are made and approved by the
Registrant. The use of AI tools does not guarantee the accuracy of analyses or the success
of any investment strategy. Clients should not assume that reliance on AI tools results in
better performance or reduces risk. AI tools involve limitations and risks that the Registrant
monitors and manages. These risks include, but are not limited to, data security concerns,
potential inaccuracies, and possible algorithmic biases. To mitigate these risks, the
Registrant has implemented controls such as pre-approval requirements for AI tools,
restrictions on providing nonpublic personal information to public AI systems, vendor due
diligence, review of AI-generated materials, and employee training on appropriate AI
usage.
Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, and Digital Assets. For clients who want exposure to Bitcoin,
cryptocurrencies, or digital assets, the Registrant will advise the client to consider a
potential investment in corresponding exchange traded securities, or an allocation to
separate account managers and/or private funds that provide cryptocurrency exposure.
Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies are digital assets that can be used for various purposes,
including transactions, decentralized applications, and speculative investments. Most
digital assets use blockchain technology, an advanced cryptographic digital ledger to
secure transactions and validate asset ownership. Unlike conventional currencies issued
and regulated by monetary authorities, cryptocurrencies generally operate without
centralized control, and their value is determined by market supply and demand. While
regulatory oversight of digital assets has evolved significantly since their inception, they
remain subject to variable regulatory treatment globally, which may impact their risk
profile and liquidity. Given that cryptocurrency investments are speculative and subject to
extreme price volatility, liquidity constraints, and the potential for total loss of principal,
the Registrant does not exercise discretionary authority to purchase cryptocurrency
investments for client accounts. Any investment in cryptocurrencies must be expressly
authorized by the client.
The Registrant does not recommend or advocate for the purchase of, or investment in,
Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, or digital assets. Such investments are considered speculative
and carry significant risk. Clients who authorize the purchase of a cryptocurrency
investment must be prepared for the potential for liquidity constraints, extreme price
volatility, regulatory risk, technological risk, security and custody risk, and complete loss
of principal.
Account Aggregation Services. The Registrant, in conjunction with the services provided
by other professionals and/or services, may also provide periodic comprehensive reporting
services which can incorporate the client’s investment assets, including those investment
assets that are not part of the assets managed by the Registrant (the “Excluded Assets”).
The client and/or their other advisors that maintain trading authority, and not the Registrant,
shall be exclusively responsible for the investment performance of the Excluded Assets.
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The Registrant’s service relative to the Excluded Assets is limited to reporting and non-
discretionary consulting services only, which does not include investment implementation.
The Registrant does not have trading authority for the Excluded Assets. As such, to the
extent applicable to the nature of the Excluded Assets (assets over which the client
maintains trading authority vs. trading authority designated to another investment
professional), the client (and/or the other investment professional), and not the Registrant,
shall be exclusively responsible for directly implementing any recommendations relative
to the Excluded Assets. The Registrant shall not be responsible for any implementation
error (timing, trading, etc.) relative to the Excluded Assets.
Portfolio Activity. Registrant has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent with the
client’s best interest. As part of its investment advisory services, Registrant will review
client portfolios on an ongoing basis to determine if any changes are necessary based upon
various factors, including, but not limited to, investment performance, fund manager
tenure, style drift, account additions/withdrawals, and/or a change in the client’s
investment objective. Based upon these factors, there may be extended periods of time
when Registrant determines that changes to a client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor
prudent. Clients nonetheless remain subject to the fees described in Item 5 below during
periods of account inactivity.
Client Obligations. In performing its services, Registrant shall not be required to verify
any information received from the client or from the client’s other professionals, and is
expressly authorized to rely thereon. Moreover, each client is advised that it remains thier
responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any change in their financial
situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing, evaluating or revising
Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
Cybersecurity Risk. The information technology systems and networks that Registrant
and its third-party service providers use to provide services to Registrant’s clients employ
various controls that are designed to prevent cybersecurity incidents stemming from
intentional or unintentional actions that could cause significant interruptions in Registrant’s
operations and/or result in the unauthorized acquisition or use of clients’ confidential or
non-public personal information. Clients and Registrant are nonetheless subject to the risk
of cybersecurity incidents that could ultimately cause them to incur financial losses and/or
other adverse consequences. Although the Registrant has established processes to reduce
the risk of cybersecurity incidents, there is no guarantee that these efforts will always be
successful, especially considering that the Registrant does not control the cybersecurity
measures and policies employed by third-party service providers, issuers of securities,
broker-dealers, qualified custodians, governmental and other regulatory authorities,
exchanges and other financial market operators and providers.
Client Privacy and Confidentiality. The Registrant maintains policies and procedures
designed to help protect the confidentiality and security of client nonpublic personal
information (“NPPI”). NPPI includes, but is not limited to, social security numbers, credit
or debit card numbers, state identification card numbers, driver’s license number and
account numbers. The Registrant maintains administrative, technical, and physical
safeguards designed to protect such information from unauthorized access, use, loss, or
destruction. These safeguards include controls relating to data access, information security,
and incident response, and are reviewed to address changes in risk and business. Client
information may be disclosed in response to regulatory requests, legal obligations, or as
otherwise permitted by law, and any such disclosure is made in accordance with applicable
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privacy and confidentiality requirements.
The Registrant may engage non-affiliated service providers in connection with providing
advisory services, and such providers may have access to client NPPI, as necessary, to
perform their functions. The Registrant confirms that service providers maintain
safeguards designed to protect client information from unauthorized access or use and
provide notice to the Registrant in the event of a cybersecurity incident involving client
information maintained by the service provider. While the Registrant maintains policies
and procedures designed to protect client information, such measures cannot eliminate all
risk. The Registrant will notify clients in the event of a data breach involving their NPPI
as may be required by applicable state and federal laws.
Disclosure Statement. A copy of the Registrant’s written Brochure and Client
Relationship Summary, as set forth on Part 2 of Form ADV and Form CRS respectively,
shall be provided to each client prior to, or contemporaneously with, the execution of an
advisory agreement.
to providing
investment advisory services, an
C. The Registrant shall provide investment advisory services specific to the needs of each
client. Prior
investment adviser
representative will ascertain each client’s investment objective(s). Thereafter, the
Registrant shall allocate and/or recommend that the client allocate investment assets
consistent with the designated investment objective(s). The client may, at any time, impose
reasonable restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s services.
D. Wrap / Separately Managed Account Programs). In the event that Registrant is engaged
to provide investment advisory services as part of an unaffiliated wrap-fee program,
Registrant will be unable to negotiate commissions and/or transaction costs. Under a wrap
program, the wrap program sponsor arranges for the investor participant to receive
investment advisory services, the execution of securities brokerage transactions, custody
and reporting services for a single specified fee. Participation in a wrap program may cost
the participant more or less than purchasing such services separately. In the event that
Registrant is engaged to provide investment advisory services as part of an unaffiliated
managed account program, Registrant will likewise be unable to negotiate commissions
and/or transaction costs. If the program is offered on a non-wrap basis, the program sponsor
will determine the broker-dealer though which transactions must be executed, and the
amount of transaction fees and/or commissions to be charged to the participant investor
accounts.
Since the custodian/broker-dealer is determined by the unaffiliated wrap and/or managed
account program sponsor, Registrant will be unable to negotiate commissions and/or
transaction costs, and/or seek better execution. As a result, clients may pay higher
commissions or other transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net
prices on transactions for the account than would otherwise be the case through alternative
clearing arrangements recommended by Registrant. Higher transaction costs adversely
impact account performance.
E. As of December 31, 2025, the Registrant had $284,954,448 in assets under management
on a discretionary basis and $75,921,656 in assets under management on a non-
discretionary basis.
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Item 5
Fees and Compensation
A.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
The Registrant provides discretionary and/or non-discretionary investment advisory
services on a fee basis. The Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be based
upon a percentage (%) of the market value and type of assets placed under the Registrant’s
management, generally between negotiable and 1.00% as follows:
Assets Under Management Level Annual Fee
First $1,000,000
Next $2,000,000
Next $2,000,000
Next $5,000,000
Next $10,000,000
Next $30,000,000
$50,000,000+
1.00%
0.85%
0.70%
0.55%
0.40%
0.30%
Negotiable
The Registrant, in its sole discretion, may charge a lesser investment management fee based
upon certain criteria (i.e., anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional
assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition,
negotiations with client, etc.). As a result, the Registrant’s clients could pay diverse fees
based upon the market value of their assets, the complexity of the engagement, and the
level and scope of the overall financial planning and/or consulting services to be rendered.
The services to be provided by the Registrant to any particular client could be available
from other advisers at lower fees. All clients and prospective clients should be guided
accordingly.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES (STAND-ALONE)
The Registrant may be engaged to provide financial planning and/or consulting services
(including investment and non-investment related matters, including estate planning,
insurance planning, etc.) on a stand-alone fee basis. Registrant’s planning and consulting
fees are negotiable, but generally range up to $25,000 on a fixed fee basis, and from $250
to $500 on an hourly rate basis, depending upon the level and scope of the service(s)
required and the professional(s) rendering the service(s).
RETIREMENT PLAN SERVICES
The Registrant’s fee for providing non-discretionary pension consulting services is based
upon a percentage (%) of the market value of the assets within the plan and generally ranges
between negotiable and 0.75%. The terms and conditions of the engagement, including the
fee applicable to the engagement shall generally be set forth in a Retirement Plan Services
Agreement between the Registrant and the plan sponsor.
B. Clients may elect to have the Registrant’s advisory fees deducted from their custodial
account. Both Registrant's Investment Advisory Agreement and the custodial/clearing
agreement may authorize the custodian to debit the account for the amount of the
Registrant's investment advisory fee and to directly remit that management fee to the
Registrant in compliance with regulatory procedures. In the limited event that the
Registrant bills the client directly, payment is due upon receipt of the Registrant’s invoice.
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C. As discussed below, unless the client directs otherwise or an individual client’s
circumstances require, the Registrant shall generally recommend that Charles Schwab &
Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) serve as the broker-dealer/custodian for client investment
management assets.
Broker-dealers such as Schwab charge brokerage commissions, transaction, and/or other
type fees for effecting certain types of securities transactions (i.e., including transaction
fees for certain mutual funds, and mark-ups and mark-downs charged for fixed income
transactions, etc.). The types of securities for which transaction fees, commissions, and/or
other type fees (as well as the amount of those fees) shall differ depending upon the broker-
dealer/custodian. While certain custodians, including Schwab, generally (with the potential
exception for large orders) do not currently charge fees on individual equity transactions
(including ETFs), others do.
There can be no assurance that Schwab will not change their transaction fee pricing in the
future.
Schwab may also assess fees to clients who elect to receive trade confirmations and account
statements by regular mail rather than electronically.
Clients will incur, in addition to Registrant’s investment management fee, brokerage
commissions and/or transaction fees, and, relative to all mutual fund and exchange traded
fund purchases, charges imposed at the fund level (e.g., management fees and other fund
expenses).
D. Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be prorated and paid monthly or
quarterly, in arrears, based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of
the previous month or quarter. Billing adjustments are made on a pro rata basis for all
inflows and outflows during the billing period.
The Registrant utilizes Orion to calculate quarterly fees. Orion’s method for determining
account values differs from the method used by Schwab. As a result, the fees charged to
accounts maintained at Schwab may deviate slightly (higher or lower) than if the Registrant
relied on Schwab’s method for determining account values. However, the Registrant
believes that any differences shall be immaterial.
The advisory agreement between the Registrant and the client will continue in effect until
terminated by either party by written notice in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
Upon termination, the Registrant’s fee shall be prorated based upon the number of days
service was provided during the concluding period and shall become due and payable as of
the date of termination.
E. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives accept compensation from the sale of
securities or other investment products.
Item 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Neither the Registrant nor any supervised person of the Registrant accepts performance-
based fees.
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Item 7
Types of Clients
The Registrant’s clients shall generally include individuals, high net worth individuals,
pension and profit sharing plans, business entities and trusts.
Item 8
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A. The Registrant shall utilize the following methods of security analysis:
Fundamental - (analysis performed on historical and present data, with the goal of
making financial forecasts)
Technical – (analysis performed on historical and present data, focusing on price
and trade volume, to forecast the direction of prices)
Cyclical – (analysis performed on historical relationships between price and
market trends, to forecast the direction of prices)
The Registrant shall utilize the following investment strategies when implementing
investment advice given to clients:
Long Term Purchases (securities held at least a year)
Short Term Purchases (securities sold within a year)
Margin Transactions (use of borrowed assets to purchase financial instruments)
Investment Risk. Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be
prepared to bear. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it
should not be assumed that future performance of any specific investment or investment
strategy (including the investments and/or investment strategies recommended or
undertaken by the Registrant) will be profitable or equal any specific performance level(s).
Investors generally face the following types of investment risks:
Interest-rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to fluctuate.
For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less attractive,
causing their market values to decline.
Market Risk: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund may drop in reaction to
tangible and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk may be caused by
external factors independent of the fund’s specific investments as well as due to the
fund’s specific investments. Additionally, each security’s price will fluctuate based on
market movement and emotion, which may, or may not be due to the security’s
operations or changes in its true value. For example, political, economic and social
conditions may trigger market events which are temporarily negative, or temporarily
positive.
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as much
as a dollar next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of inflation.
Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may have to
be reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e. interest rate). This primarily relates
to fixed income securities.
Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash.
Generally, assets are more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized product.
For example, Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties are not.
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Financial Risk: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases the risk
of profitability, because the company must meet the terms of its obligations in good times
and bad. During periods of financial stress, the inability to meet loan obligations may
result in bankruptcy and/or a declining market value.
B. The Registrant’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any
significant or unusual risks.
However, every method of analysis has its own inherent risks. To perform an accurate
market analysis the Registrant must have access to current/new market information. The
Registrant has no control over the dissemination rate of market information; therefore,
unbeknownst to the Registrant, certain analyses may be compiled with outdated market
information, severely limiting the value of the Registrant’s analysis. Furthermore, an
accurate market analysis can only produce a forecast of the direction of market values.
There can be no assurances that a forecasted change in market value will materialize into
actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities.
The Registrant’s primary investment strategies - Long Term Purchases and Short Term
Purchases - are fundamental investment strategies. However, every investment strategy has
its own inherent risks and limitations. For example, longer term investment strategies
require a longer investment time period to allow for the strategy to potentially develop.
Shorter term investment strategies require a shorter investment time period to potentially
develop but, as a result of more frequent trading, may incur higher transactional costs when
compared to a longer term investment strategy.
In addition to the fundamental investment strategies discussed above, the Registrant may
also implement and/or recommend the use of margin. The use of margin as part of an
investment strategy has a higher level of inherent risk.
Margin Transactions. Margin is an investment strategy with a high level of inherent risk.
A margin transaction occurs when an investor uses borrowed assets to purchase financial
instruments. The investor generally obtains the borrowed assets by using other securities
as collateral for the borrowed sum. The effect of purchasing a security using margin is to
magnify any gains or losses sustained by the purchase of the financial instruments on
margin. Accordingly, the decision as to whether to employ margin is left totally to the
discretion of client. If a client determines to use margin to purchase assets that Registrant
will manage, Registrant would include the entire market value of the margined assets when
computing its advisory fee, which would present a conflict of interest to the extent it
increases Registrant’ investment advisory fee.
Another conflict of interest would arise if Registrant has an economic disincentive to
recommend that the client terminate the use of margin. The terms and conditions of each
margin loan are contained in a separate agreement between the client and the margin lender
selected by the client, which terms and conditions may vary from client to client.
Borrowing funds on margin is not suitable for all clients and is subject to certain risks,
including but not limited to the following: increased market risk, increased risk of loss,
especially in the event of a significant downturn; liquidity risk for the leveraged security;
the potential obligation to post collateral or repay the margin if the margin lender
determines that the value of collateralized securities is no longer sufficient to support the
value of the margin; and the risk that the margin lender may liquidate the client’s securities
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to satisfy its demand for additional collateral or repayment / the risk that the margin lender
may terminate the margin at any time.
Before agreeing to participate in a margin loan program, clients should carefully review
the applicable margin agreement and all risk disclosures provided by the margin lender
including the initial margin and maintenance requirements for the specific program in
which the client enrolls, and the procedures for issuing “margin calls” and liquidating
securities and other assets in the client’s accounts.
C. Currently, the Registrant primarily allocates client investment assets among various
individual equity securities, individual bonds, mutual funds (open-end and closed-end),
exchange traded funds and/or independent investment managers, on a discretionary and
non-discretionary basis in accordance with the client’s designated investment objective(s).
Borrowing Against Assets/Risks. A client who has a need to borrow money could
determine to do so by using:
Margin-The account custodian or broker-dealer lends money to the client. The
custodian charges the client interest for the right to borrow money, and uses the assets
in the client’s brokerage account as collateral; and,
Pledged Assets Loan- In consideration for a lender (i.e., a bank, etc.) to make a loan
to the client, the client pledges its investment assets held at the account custodian as
collateral;
These above-described collateralized loans are generally utilized because they typically
provide more favorable interest rates than standard commercial loans. These types of
collateralized loans can assist with a pending home purchase, permit the retirement of more
expensive debt, or enable borrowing in lieu of liquidating existing account positions and
incurring capital gains taxes. However, such loans are not without potential material risk
to the client’s investment assets. The lender (i.e. custodian, bank, etc.) will have recourse
against the client’s investment assets in the event of loan default or if the assets fall below
a certain level. For this reason, Registrant does not recommend such borrowing unless it is
for specific short-term purposes (i.e. a bridge loan to purchase a new residence). Registrant
does not recommend such borrowing for investment purposes (i.e. to invest borrowed funds
in the market). Regardless, if the client was to determine to utilize margin or a pledged
assets loan, the following economic benefits would inure to Registrant:
by taking the loan rather than liquidating assets in the client’s account, Registrant
continues to earn a fee on such Account assets; and,
if the client invests any portion of the loan proceeds in an account to be managed by
Registrant, Registrant will receive an advisory fee on the invested amount; and,
if Registrant’s advisory fee is based upon the higher margined account value,
Registrant will earn a correspondingly higher advisory fee. This could provide
Registrant with a disincentive to encourage the client to discontinue the use of margin.
The Client must accept the above risks and potential corresponding consequences
associated with the use of margin or a pledged assets loans.
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Item 9
Disciplinary Information
The Registrant has not been the subject of any disciplinary actions.
Item 10
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending
to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
B. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending
to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity
trading advisor, or a representative of the foregoing.
C. Licensed Insurance Agents. Certain of Registrant’s representatives, in their individual
capacities, are licensed insurance agents, and may recommend the purchase of certain
insurance-related products on a commission basis. Clients can choose to engage certain of
Registrant’s representatives to purchase insurance products on a commission basis.
Conflict of Interest: The recommendation by Registrant’s representatives that a client
purchase an insurance commission product presents a conflict of interest, as the receipt of
commissions may provide an incentive to recommend investment products based on
commissions received, rather than on a particular client’s need. No client is under any
obligation to purchase any commission products from Registrant’s representatives. Clients
are reminded that they may purchase insurance products recommended by Registrant
through other non-affiliated insurance agents.
ALDER Joint Venture Agreement. The Registrant has entered into a Joint Venture
Agreement with ALDER Hold Co, LLC and ALDER Funding Partners, LLC, whereby the
Reigstrant is compensated for providing certain administerial duties primariliy focused on
including investor commiunication. The Registrant may recommend to clients an
investment in an ALDER private equity fund (ALDER Opportunity, LP, ALDER
Opportunity II, LP, ALDER Alternative Income, LP, ALDER Senior Securted Credit,
LLC, Marquee Funding Partners, LLC or some future private equity fund created or
controlled by ALDER). As the Registrant’s compensation under the Joint Venture
Agreement may be calculated as a percentage of total assets under ALDER’s management,
the Registrant has an incentive to recommend an investment in an ALDER private equity
fund. No client is under any obligatin to participate in an ALDER private equity fund.
To the extent a client chooses to participate in an ALDER private equity fund from which
the Registrant receives compensation pursuant to the Joint Venture Agreement, the
Registrant shall not charge the client a management fee on the assets invested in the
ALDER private equity fund.
D. The Registrant does not recommend or select other investment advisors for its clients for
which it receives a fee.
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Item 11
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
A. The Registrant maintains an investment policy relative to personal securities transactions.
This investment policy is part of Registrant’s overall Code of Ethics, which serves to
establish a standard of business conduct for all of Registrant’s Representatives that is based
upon fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust, a copy of which is
available upon request.
In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Registrant
also maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of
material non-public information by the Registrant or any person associated with the
Registrant.
B. As disclosed above, the Registrant has a financial interest in the affiliated private fund. The
terms and conditions for participation in the affiliated private fund, including management
and incentive fees, conflicts of interest, and risk factors, are set forth in the fund’s offering
documents.
C. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities that are
also recommended to clients. This practice may create a situation where the Registrant
and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to materially benefit from the sale
or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a conflict of interest.
Practices such as “scalping” (i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a security
recommends that security for investment and then immediately sells it at a profit upon the
rise in the market price which follows the recommendation) could take place if the
Registrant did not have adequate policies in place to detect such activities. In addition, this
requirement can help detect insider trading, “front-running” (i.e., personal trades executed
prior to those of the Registrant’s clients) and other potentially abusive practices.
The Registrant has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal
securities transactions and securities holdings of each of the Registrant’s “Access Persons”.
The Registrant’s securities transaction policy requires that an Access Person of the
Registrant must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written
report of their current securities holdings within ten (10) days after becoming an Access
Person. Additionally, each Access Person must provide or make available to the Chief
Compliance Officer or his/her designee a list of reportable transactions each calendar
quarter as well as a written annual report of the Access Person’s securities holdings;
provided, however that at any time that the Registrant has only one Access Person, he or
she shall not be required to submit any securities report described above.
D. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities, at or
around the same time as those securities are recommended to clients. This practice creates
a situation where the Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to
materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation
creates a conflict of interest. As indicated above in Item 11.C, the Registrant has a personal
securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal securities transaction and
securities holdings of each of Registrant’s Access Persons.
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Item 12
Brokerage Practices
A. In the event that the client requests that the Registrant recommend a broker-
dealer/custodian for execution and/or custodial services (exclusive of those clients that may
direct the Registrant to use a specific broker-dealer/custodian), Registrant generally
recommends that investment management accounts be maintained at Schwab. Prior to
engaging Registrant to provide investment management services, the client will be required
to enter into a formal advisory agreement with Registrant setting forth the terms and
conditions under which Registrant shall manage the client's assets, and a separate
custodial/clearing agreement with each designated broker-dealer/custodian.
Factors that the Registrant considers in recommending Schwab (or any other broker-
dealer/custodian to clients) include historical relationship with the Registrant, financial
strength, reputation, execution capabilities, pricing, research, and service. Although the
commissions and/or transaction fees paid by Registrant's clients shall comply with the
Registrant's duty to seek best execution, a client may pay a commission that is higher than
another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where the
Registrant determines, in good faith, that the commission/transaction fee is reasonable. In
seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether
the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full
range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution
capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Accordingly, although Registrant will
seek competitive rates, it may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates
for client account transactions. The brokerage commissions or transaction fees charged by
the designated broker-dealer/custodian are exclusive of, and in addition to, Registrant's
investment management fee. The Registrant’s best execution responsibility is qualified if
securities that it purchases for client accounts are mutual funds that trade at net asset value
as determined at the daily market close.
1. Research and Additional Benefits
Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend that a
client utilize the services of a particular broker-dealer/custodian, Registrant receives
from Schwab (or another broker-dealer/custodian, investment platform, unaffiliated
investment manager, vendor, unaffiliated product/fund sponsor, or vendor) without
cost (and/or at a discount) support services and/or products, certain of which assist the
Registrant to better monitor and service client accounts maintained at such institutions.
Included within the support services that may be obtained by the Registrant may be
investment-related research, pricing information and market data, software and other
technology that provide access to client account data, compliance and/or practice
management-related publications, discounted or gratis consulting services, discounted
and/or gratis attendance at conferences, meetings, and other educational and/or social
events, marketing support, computer hardware and/or software and/or other products
used by Registrant in furtherance of its investment advisory business operations.
As indicated above, certain of the support services and/or products that may be received
may assist the Registrant in managing and administering client accounts. Others do not
directly provide such assistance, but rather assist the Registrant to manage and further
develop its business enterprise.
There is no corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or any other
entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual
funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the above arrangement.
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Additional Benefits
The Registrant has received from various mutual fund families, certain other economic
benefits intended to help the Registrant manage and further develop its business
enterprise, marketing and business development. Each payment is made on behalf of
the Registrant directly to third-party vendors. The Registrant has no expectation that
these Additional Benefits will be offered again; however, the Registrant reserves the
right to negotiate for these Additional Benefits in the future.
2. The Registrant does not receive referrals from broker-dealers.
3. The Registrant does not generally accept directed brokerage arrangements (when a
client requires that account transactions be effected through a specific broker-dealer).
In such client directed arrangements, the client will negotiate terms and arrangements
for their account with that broker-dealer, and Registrant will not seek better execution
services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to “batch” the client's
transactions for execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other accounts
managed by Registrant. As a result, client may pay higher commissions or other
transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions
for the account than would otherwise be the case.
Transactions for directed accounts will generally be executed following the execution
of portfolio transactions for non-directed accounts.
B. To the extent that the Registrant provides investment management services to its clients,
the transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently, unless
the Registrant decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at
approximately the same time. The Registrant may (but is not obligated to) combine or
“bunch” such orders to seek best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates
or to allocate equitably among the Registrant’s clients differences in prices and
commissions or other transaction costs that might have been obtained had such orders been
placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to price and
will be allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale orders placed for
each client account on any given day. The Registrant shall not receive any additional
compensation or remuneration as a result of such aggregation.
Item 13
Review of Accounts
A. For those clients to whom Registrant provides investment supervisory services, account
reviews are conducted on an ongoing basis by the Registrant's representatives. All
investment supervisory clients are advised that it remains their responsibility to advise the
Registrant of any changes in their investment objectives and/or financial situation. All
clients (in person or via telephone) are encouraged to review financial planning issues,
investment objectives and account performance with the Registrant on an annual basis, as
applicable.
B. The Registrant may conduct account reviews on an other than periodic basis upon the
occurrence of a triggering event, such as a change in client investment objectives and/or
financial situation, market corrections and client request.
20
C. Clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and regular summary account
statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the client
accounts. Those clients to whom Registrant provides investment supervisory services may
also receive a quarterly report from the Registrant summarizing account activity and
performance.
Item 14
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. As referenced in Item 12.A.1 above, the Registrant receives an economic benefit from
Schwab. The Registrant, without cost (and/or at a discount), receives support services
and/or products from Schwab.
There is no corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or any other
entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual
funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the above arrangement.
B. Registrant does not compensate any non-supervised person for client referrals.
Item 15
Custody
The Registrant shall have the ability to have its advisory fee for each client debited by the
custodian on a quarterly basis. Clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices
and regular summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or
program sponsor for the client accounts. Those clients to whom Registrant provides
investment supervisory services may also receive a quarterly report from the Registrant
summarizing account activity and performance.
To the extent that the Registrant provides clients with periodic account statements or
reports, the client is urged to compare any statement or report provided by the Registrant
with the account statements received from the account custodian.
The account custodian does not verify the accuracy of the Registrant’s advisory fee
calculation.
Item 16
Investment Discretion
The client can determine to engage the Registrant to provide investment advisory services
on a discretionary basis. Prior to the Registrant assuming discretionary authority over a
client’s account, the client shall be required to execute an advisory agreement, naming the
Registrant as the client’s attorney and agent in fact, granting the Registrant full authority
to buy, sell, or otherwise effect investment transactions involving the assets in the client’s
name for found in the discretionary account.
Clients who engage the Registrant on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose
restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s discretionary authority. (i.e. limit the
types/amounts of particular securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to
purchase securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or proscribe the
Registrant’s use of margin, etc).
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Item 17
Voting Client Securities
A. The Registrant does not vote client proxies. Clients maintain exclusive responsibility for:
(1) directing the manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities beneficially
owned by the client shall be voted, and (2) making all elections relative to any mergers,
acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings or other type events pertaining to the
client’s investment assets.
B. Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian. Clients
may contact the Registrant to discuss any questions they may have with a particular
solicitation.
Item 18
Financial Information
A. The Registrant does not solicit fees of more than $1,200, per client, six months or more in
advance.
B. The Registrant is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its
ability to meet its contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over
certain client accounts.
C. The Registrant has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Nicole Reese, remains available to address
any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above disclosures
and arrangements.
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