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Form ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Item 1: Cover Page
October 2025
Western Wealth Management LLC
14143 Denver West Pkwy., Ste. 450
Golden, CO 80401
Phone #: 303-393-2404
http://www.westernwealthmgmt.net/
Fax #: 303-393-2365
Firm Contact: Kara Jett, Chief Compliance Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Western Wealth
Management LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us by
telephone at (303) 393-2404 or email info@wwa-wwm.com. The information in this brochure has not
been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any State
Securities Authority.
Additional information about Western Wealth Management LLC also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of Western
Wealth Management LLC (“WWM”) and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level
of skill or training. You are encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our
firm’s associates who advise you for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our
employees.
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Item 2: Material Changes
Our firm is required to advise you of any material changes to our Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) from
our last annual update, identify those changes on the cover page of our Brochure or on the page
immediately following the cover page, or in a separate communication accompanying our Brochure.
We must state clearly that we are discussing only material changes since the last annual update of our
Brochure, and we must provide the date of the last annual update of our Brochure.
Please note that we do not have to provide this information to a client or prospective client who has
received a previous version of our brochure.
Since our last annual amendment on March 25, 2025, there are no material changes to disclose.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
............................................................................................... 1
Form ADV Part 2A – Firm Brochure Item 1: Cover Page
Contents
Item 2: Material Changes
Item 3: Table of Contents
................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Item 4: Advisory Business
............................................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
................................................................................................................................................. 8
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
............................................................................. 12
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
........................................................................................................ 12
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
.................................................................... 12
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
............................................................................................................................................ 18
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading
..................................................................................... 18
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
.......... 19
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
................................................................................................................................................... 20
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
............................................................................................................ 25
Item 15: Custody
.......................................................................................................... 25
Item 16: Investment Discretion
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
............................................................................................................................................... 27
Item 18: Financial Information
............................................................................................................................................ 27
................................................................................................................................................ 27
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Western Wealth Management LLC (“WWM”) is comprised of a large, decentralized network of
Investment Adviser Representatives (“IARs”) with offices located primarily in the state of Colorado,
with a few offices located throughout the United States. Our IARs are registered with and subject to
oversight and supervision by WWM, but most of the offices operate independently under a separate
business name. This provides the IARs flexibility in providing tailored investment advice to clients.
WWM’s home office in Golden, Colorado assists the firm’s IARs with investment modeling, marketing,
and compliance oversight. We provide individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of
investment advisory services on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis. Our firm is a limited
liability company formed in the State of Colorado. Our firm has been in business as an investment
adviser since 2016 and is wholly owned by Lisa Esslinger, Caden Russell and Kara Jett.
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
Our Comprehensive Portfolio Management service encompasses asset management as well as
providing financial planning/financial consulting to clients. It is designed to assist clients in meeting
their financial goals using financial investments. We conduct at least one, but sometimes more than one
meeting (in person if possible, otherwise via telephone conference) with clients to understand their
current financial situation, existing resources, financial goals, and tolerance for risk. Based on what we
learn, we propose an investment approach to the client. We may propose an investment portfolio,
consisting of exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), mutual funds, individual stocks or bonds, and/or other
securities. Upon the client’s agreement to the proposed investment plan, we work with the client to
establish or transfer investment accounts so that we can manage the client’s portfolio. Once the
relevant accounts are under our management, we review such accounts on a regular basis and at least
annually. We may periodically rebalance or adjust client accounts under our management. If the client
experiences any significant changes to his/her financial or personal circumstances, the client must
notify us so that we can consider such information in managing the client’s investments.
We manage advisory accounts on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis, as agreed with each
client. For discretionary accounts, we will implement transactions without seeking prior client
consent. For non-discretionary accounts, we will seek prior client consent for every contemplated
transaction. Clients with non-discretionary accounts should understand that any delay in obtaining
consent may result in less favorable transaction terms. Each client may place reasonable restrictions on
the types of investments to be held in the portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities or
types of securities may not be possible due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing the
account. Restrictions would be limited to our Comprehensive Portfolio Management and Retirement
Plan Consulting services.
Portfolio Monitoring:
Our Portfolio Monitoring Service provides for general asset allocation guidance within parameters of
a plan held with outside custodians. Our firm will evaluate the securities offered and advise clients on
suggested allocations based on their wholistic financial picture. This service is solely consultative in
nature and involves no on-going supervision, trading, or discretion with respect to securities
transactions. Clients are responsible for placing and executing their own trades, either on their own
or with another investment adviser. We provide non-continuous and periodic outside account
monitoring.
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Institutional Investment Management:
Independent investment consulting firms can select the Firm’s strategies for their clients that wish to
utilize one or more of the Firm’s investment strategies. The client or the client’s representative will
make the final decision on selecting the Firm and the appropriate strategy for the client.
The Firm is not a custodian of the client’s assets. The client always maintains control of his/her assets
through the independent, third-party custodian selected by the client. WWM’s authority, as defined in
its Investment Advisory Agreement, is to implement investment decisions on behalf of the client
entities.
The client can engage other professionals (e.g. lawyers, accountants, consultants) to assist them in
establishing their financial goals and objectives. The Firm will often meet with the designated parties
to review the appropriateness of the investment strategies employed by WWM, but its role is solely
that of investment manager implementing the client’s investment strategy by buying securities on
his/her behalf.
Use of Third-Party Managers:
We may also, when appropriate, recommend direct investment with independent third-party
managers. Before selecting other advisers, we make sure that the other advisers are properly licensed
or registered. Our IAR’s examine the experience, investment philosophies, and past performance of
independent third-party managers to determine if a manager has demonstrated an ability to invest
over a period and in different economic conditions. They monitor the manager’s holdings, strategies,
and leverage as part of our overall risk assessment. Additionally, as part of their due-diligence process,
the IAR may survey the manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks. The third-party manger
is responsible for managing the assets and the IAR of our firm is responsible for managing the ongoing
relationship with the client and ensuring suitability of investments.
Financial Planning and/or Consulting:
We provide a variety of financial planning and/or consulting services to individuals, families and other
clients regarding the management of their financial resources based upon an analysis of the client’s
current situation, goals, and objectives. Such financial planning services will involve preparing a
financial plan and/or rendering a financial consultation for clients based on the client’s financial goals
and objectives. This planning and/or consulting may encompass one or more of the following areas:
Investment Planning, Divorce Planning, Retirement Planning, 401k Investment Advice, Estate
Planning, Charitable Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal Tax Planning, Cost
Segregation Study, Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis, Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance
Analysis, Lines of Credit Evaluation, Business, and Personal Financial Planning.
Our written financial plans and/or financial consultations rendered to clients usually include general
recommendations for a course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the clients. For example,
recommendations may be made that the clients begin or revise investment programs, create or revise
wills or trusts, obtain or revise insurance coverage, commence or alter retirement savings, or establish
education or charitable giving programs. It should also be noted that we refer clients to an accountant,
attorney, or other specialist, as necessary for non-advisory related services. For written financial
planning engagements, we provide our clients with a written summary of their financial situation,
observations, and recommendations. For financial consulting engagements, we usually do not provide
our clients with a written summary of our observations and recommendations as the process is less
formal than our planning service. Plans and/or consultations are usually completed within six (6)
months of the client signing a contract with us, if all the information and documents we request from
the client are provided to us promptly. Implementation of the recommendations will be at the
discretion of the client.
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Retirement Plan Consulting:
We provide Retirement Plan Consulting services to employer plan sponsors on an ongoing basis.
Generally, such retirement plan consulting services consist of assisting employer plan sponsors in
establishing, monitoring, and reviewing their company's participant-directed retirement plan. As the
needs of the plan sponsor dictate, areas of advising could include:
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Investment Policy Statement assistance
Ongoing investment monitoring
Assistance with changes in investment options
Performance reports
Ongoing investment recommendations
Education services
Participant education and enrollment
404(c) assistance
Qualified Default Investment Alternative (QDIA) assistance
Plan search support/vendor analysis
All Retirement Plan Consulting services shall be in compliance with the applicable state law(s)
regulating retirement plan consulting services. This applies to client accounts that are pensions or
other employee benefit plans (“Plan”) governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended (“ERISA”). If the client accounts are part of a Plan, and we accept appointments to
provide our services to such accounts, we acknowledge that we are a fiduciary within the meaning of
Section 3(21) of ERISA or Section 3(38) of ERISA (but only with respect to the provision of services
described in section 1 of the Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement).
LPL Financial Sponsored Advisory Programs:
Our firm may provide advisory services through certain programs sponsored by LPL Financial (“LPL”),
a registered investment advisor and broker-dealer. Below is a brief description of each LPL advisory
program available to our firm. For more information regarding the LPL programs, including more
information on the advisory services and fees that apply, the types of investments available in the
programs and the potential conflicts of interest presented by the programs, please see the LPL
Financial Form ADV Part 2 or the applicable program’s Appendix 1 (wrap fee program brochure) and
the applicable client agreement.
Optimum Market Portfolios Program (OMP)
OMP offers clients the ability to participate in a professionally managed asset allocation program using
Optimum Funds Class I shares. Under OMP, client will authorize LPL on a discretionary basis to
purchase and sell Optimum Funds pursuant to investment objectives chosen by the client. Advisor will
assist the client in determining the suitability of OMP for the client and assist the client in setting an
appropriate investment objective. Advisor will have discretion to select a mutual fund asset allocation
portfolio designed by LPL consistent with the client’s investment objective. LPL will have discretion to
purchase and sell Optimum Funds pursuant to the portfolio selected for the client. LPL will also have
authority to rebalance the account if authorization is provided by the client.
A minimum account value of $10,000 is required for OMP.
Personal Wealth Portfolios Program (PWP)
PWP offers clients an asset management account using asset allocation model portfolios designed by
LPL. Advisor will have discretion for selecting the asset allocation model portfolio based on client’s
investment objective. Advisor will also have discretion for selecting third party money managers
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(PWP Advisors) or mutual funds within each asset class of the model portfolio. LPL will act as the
overlay portfolio manager on all PWP accounts and will be authorized to purchase and sell on a
discretionary basis mutual funds and equity and fixed income securities.
A minimum account value of $250,000 is required for PWP.
Model Wealth Portfolios Program (MWP)
MWP offers clients a professionally managed mutual fund asset allocation program. Our firm will
obtain the necessary financial data from the client, assist the client in determining the suitability of the
MWP program and assist the client in setting an appropriate investment objective. The Advisor will
initiate the steps necessary to open a MWP account and have discretion to select a model portfolio
designed by LPL’s Research Department consistent with the client’s stated investment objective. LPL’s
Research Department is responsible for selecting the mutual funds within a model portfolio and for
making changes to the mutual funds selected.
The client will authorize LPL to act on a discretionary basis to purchase and sell mutual funds
(including in certain circumstances exchange traded funds) and to liquidate previously purchased
securities. The client will also authorize LPL to effect rebalancing for MWP accounts.
The MWP program makes available model portfolios designed by strategists other than LPL’s
Research Department. Advisor will have discretion to choose among the available models designed by
LPL and outside strategists.
A minimum account value of $10,000 is required for MWP.
Manager Access Select Program (MAS)
MAS provides clients access to the investment advisory services of professional portfolio management
firms for the individual management of client accounts. Advisor will assist client in identifying a third-
party portfolio manager (Portfolio Manager) from a list of Portfolio Managers made available by LPL.
The Portfolio Manager manages client’s assets on a discretionary basis. Advisor will provide initial and
ongoing assistance regarding the Portfolio Manager selection process.
A minimum account value of $50,000 is required for Manager Access Select, however, in certain
instances, the minimum account size may be lower or higher.
Manager Access Network (MAN)
MAN enables high net-worth investors to access a variety of institutional portfolio managers. A broad
range of managers and multiple investment styles are available, including equity, fixed income, asset
classes, mutual funds, exchange traded funds (ETFs), and specialty strategies.
A minimum account value of $100,000 is required for MAN.
Guided Wealth Portfolios Program (GWP)
GWP is an advisor-enhanced robo solution that combines a digital investment platform with access to
a IAR. Investment models are strategically managed by LPL Research on a discretionary basis. The
GWP models use up to nine beta-focused ETFs selected by LPL Research and spread across three major
ETF sponsors to create a diversified portfolio. Future Advisor’s rebalancing and tax-loss harvesting
algorithms are used for comprehensiveness. Advisor reviews suggested portfolio allocations, signs off
on paperwork and reviews and approves any changes that clients make to their profile. LPL Research
strategically manages the GWP Models and rebalancing.
A minimum account value of $5,000 is required for Guided Wealth Portfolios, however, in certain
instances, the minimum account size may be lower or higher.
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Conflicts of Interest:
Transactions in LPL advisory program accounts are effected through LPL as the executing broker-
dealer.
Advisor receives compensation because of a client’s participation in an LPL program. Depending on,
among other things, the size of the account, changes in its value over time, the ability to negotiate fees
or commissions, and the number of transactions, the amount of this compensation may be more or
less than what the Advisor would receive if the client participated in other programs, whether through
LPL or another sponsor, or paid separately for investment advice, brokerage, and other services.
Participation in Wrap Fee Programs:
We offer wrap fee programs as further described in Part 2A, Appendix 1 (the “Wrap Fee Program
Brochure”) of our Brochure. Our wrap fee and non-wrap fee accounts are managed on an
individualized basis per the client’s investment objectives, financial goals, risk tolerance, etc. We do not
manage wrap fee accounts in a different fashion than non-wrap fee accounts. As further described in
our Wrap Fee Program Brochure, we receive a portion of the wrap fee for our services.
Assets Under Management:
As of December 31, 2024, we manage $3,780,783,770 on a discretionary basis and $163,439,315 on a
non-discretionary basis for a total of $3,944,223,085 under management.
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 3.0% of assets under management.
The details and frequency of each client’s specific billing arrangement is determined by the custodial
platform of choice, and client preferences.
Alternatively, a flat fee, not to exceed 2.5% of assets under management or a negotiated flat rate may
be applied in certain circumstances. Our fees may be negotiable. The exact billing details will be
spelled out in the executed client agreement.
Fees will be automatically deducted from your managed account. Further it is important to note that
our firm assesses fees on all assets held in client accounts including cash and cash equivalents. As part
of this process, you understand and acknowledge the following:
a)
Your qualified custodian sends quarterly statements to you showing all disbursements for your
account, including the amount of the advisory fees paid to us.
b)
Accounts custodied at LPL will be automatically adjusted for deposits and withdrawals during
the billing period. LPL will calculate and deduct advisory fees for accounts custodied with them.
c)
Accounts custodied at Charles Schwab or Fidelity will utilize the fee arrangement specified
on Schedule A of the Comprehensive Portfolio Management Agreement. Our firm will use
Orion Advisor services to calculate fees that Charles Schwab & Co. and/or Fidelity
Investments will deduct from accounts custodied with them;
d)
You provide authorization permitting your accounts to be debited by these terms and for us to
be directly paid by these terms.
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WWM also acts as a solicitor for referring potential clients to third party investment advisory firms.
As set forth in a written agreement, WWM will receive a portion of the annual management fee that
the third-party advisory firm collects. The third-party advisory firm is responsible for managing the
assets and the IAR of our firm is responsible for managing the ongoing relationship with the client and
ensuring suitability of investments. To the extent that WWM receives compensation for such referrals,
a conflict of interest exists because WWM will receive additional compensation if clients use the
services of the third-party firms.
In other instances, WWM will utilize the services of third-party money managers to aid in the
management of client assets. Fees charged for third party manager services shall be in addition to our
advisory fees. The third-party money managers we recommend will not directly charge you a higher
fee than they would have charged without us introducing you to them. Third-party money managers
establish and maintain their own separate billing processes over which we have no control. In general,
they will directly bill you and describe how this works in their separate written disclosure documents.
If you wish to terminate our services, you must contact us in writing and state that you wish to
terminate, we will then refund the unearned portion of our advisory fee to you. Upon receipt of your
letter of termination, we will proceed to close out your account and process a pro-rata refund of
unearned advisory fees. For fees collected in arrears, we will proceed to close out your account and
Institutional Investment Management:
charge you a pro-rata advisory fee(s) for services rendered up to the point of termination.
The Firm bases its fees on a percentage of assets under management and will not exceed 1%. WWM’s
fees are negotiable based upon the degree of service offered which will be memorialized in a service
agreement between WWM and the Institutional client. Investment management fees are billed quarterly,
in advance, based on the value in the account on the last day of the previous quarter, meaning that we
invoice the client before the three-month billing period has begun. If advisory fees are directly billed,
payment in full is expected upon receipt of the invoice. Fees are usually deducted from a designated client
account to facilitate payment. The client must consent in advance to direct the debiting of his/her
investment management account. In a limited number of instances (most often IRAs) the client may
choose to pay the fee from an outside account.
Financial Planning and/or Consulting:
We charge on an hourly, flat, or ongoing fee basis for financial planning and/or consulting services.
The total estimated fee, as well as the ultimate fee that we charge you, is based on the scope and
complexity of our engagement with you. Our hourly fees range from $100 to $1,000. Flat fees range
from $100 to $10,000. In certain circumstances we may provide our services free of charge. Ongoing
plans will automatically renew after one year of service, unless terminated in writing by the client.
We may require a retainer, calculated as a portion of the ultimate financial planning or consulting fee,
with the remainder of the fee directly billed to you and due to us within thirty (30) days of your
financial plan being delivered or consultation rendered to you. In all cases, we will not require a
retainer exceeding $1,200 when services cannot be rendered within 6 (six) months.
Portfolio Monitoring:
The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 0.3% of monitored assets.
Annualized fees are billed on a pro-rata basis quarterly in advance based on the value of the account(s)
on the last day of the previous quarter. Fees are negotiable. Clients will be directly billed for our
portfolio monitoring service according to the terms outlined in their executed agreement. Our bill is
due and payable within 30 days.
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Retirement Plan Consulting:
Fees are charged and calculated by the custodian and the fee structure is outlined in the agreement
with the custodian. We charge on an annualized basis billed quarterly in advance or in arrears based
on the value of your account on the last day of the billing quarter. The ultimate fee that we charge you
is based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with you. The fee-paying arrangements for
retirement plan consulting service will be determined on a case-by-case basis and will be detailed in the
signed Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement.
Fees for LPL Financial Sponsored Advisory Programs:
The account fee charged to the client for each LPL advisory program is negotiable, subject to the
following maximum account fees:
OMP
PWP
MWP
MAS
MAN
GWP
2.5%
2.5%
2.5%
3.0%
3.0%
1.4%
Account fees are payable quarterly in advance. LPL has a separate billing process which we have no
control over. In general, they will directly bill you. How this works is described in their separate
written disclosure documents.
LPL serves as program sponsor, investment advisor and broker-dealer for the LPL advisory programs.
Our firm and LPL may share in the account fee and other fees associated with program accounts.
Other Fees:
Non-Wrap fee clients may incur transaction charges for trades executed in their accounts. These
transaction fees are separate from our fees and will be disclosed by the firm that the trades are
executed through. It is important to note however, that Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) does
not charge transaction fees on domestic equities and exchange traded funds and Fidelity does not
charge transaction fees for clients who opt into electronic delivery of statements and confirmations or
maintain at least $1 million in assets at Fidelity. Also, clients will pay the following separately incurred
expenses, which we do not receive any part of: charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund,
alternative investment, annuity, or exchange traded fund which shall be disclosed in the product’s
prospectus (i.e., fund management fees and other expenses).
Wrap fee clients will receive our Form ADV, Part 2A, Appendix 1 (the “Wrap Fee Program Brochure”).
Wrap fee clients will not incur transaction costs for trades executed by the custodian. More
information about this is disclosed in our separate Wrap Fee Program Brochure.
Clients may also incur miscellaneous fees and charges from LPL, Schwab, or Fidelity in their capacity
as the custody and clearing firm. Such fees are subject to change without prior notification. Fee
schedules are available upon request.
Clients should be aware that LPL charges transaction charges in addition to the fee that you pay for
investment advisory services provided through WWM. In many instances, LPL makes available mutual
funds in a SWM I account that offer various classes of shares, including shares designated as Class A
Shares and shares designed for advisory programs, which can be titled, for example, as “Class I,”
“institutional,” “investor,” “retail,” “service,” “administrative” or “platform” share classes (“Platform
Shares”). Certain share classes pay LPL compensation for the administrative and recordkeeping
services LPL provides to the mutual fund. Client should understand that another financial services
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firm may offer the same mutual fund at a lower overall cost to the investor than is available through
LPL. Class A Shares typically pay LPL a 12b-1 fee for providing brokerage-related services to the
mutual funds. Platform Shares generally are not subject to 12b-1 fees. Because of the different
expenses of the mutual fund share classes, it is generally more expensive for a client to own Class A
Shares than Platform Shares, however the Class A Shares may appear to be less expensive, due to the
difference in the type of fee charged. An investor in Platform Shares will pay lower fees over time, and
keep more of his or her investment returns than an investor who holds Class A Shares of the same
fund.
On July 2, 2018 LPL made available a no-transaction-fee (NTF) mutual fund network. When NTF funds
are purchased in SWM I or SWM II, there is no transaction charge assessed to the client or advisor.
Sponsors of mutual funds in the NTF network pay LPL compensation to participate in the NTF
network. Not all share classes or funds within a fund family may be available at NTF. When NTF funds
are redeemed, the transaction costs are waived. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing.
There are some exceptions where LPL will continue to offer an additional share class at $26.50,
depending on the expense of the fund and minimums instituted by the fund company. Please note that
this list of fund families is subject to change. Clients should be aware that advisors may be more likely
to recommend funds that are participants in the NTF network. Please ask your IAR for current details.
A complete list of mutual fund sponsors participating in the SWM NTF Program can be found by
visiting https://lplfinancial.lpl.com/disclosures.html. LPL Financial offers a trading platform with
select exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) that do not charge transaction fees. The no-transaction-fee ETF
trading platform is available to clients participating in LPL Financial’s Strategic Wealth Management
(“SWM”) program. Clients will be subject to transaction fees charged by LPL Financial for ETFs not
included in LPL Financial’s platform and for other types of securities. The limited number of ETFs
available on LPL Financial’s no-transaction fee platform may have higher overall expenses than other
types of securities and ETFs not included in the platform. Other major custodians have eliminated
transaction fees for all ETFs and U.S. listed equities, so clients may pay more for investing in the same
securities at LPL Financial. For a complete list of the NTF ETFs available through LPL Financial, please
Commissionable Securities Sales:
contact WWM’s Director of Compliance at 303-393-2404.
To sell securities for a commission, some of our IARs are registered representatives of LPL, member
FINRA/SIPC. These supervised persons accept compensation for the sale of securities or other
investment products, including distribution or service (“trail”) fees from the sale of mutual funds. You
should be aware that the practice of accepting commissions for the sale of securities presents a conflict
of interest and gives our IARs an incentive to recommend investment products based on the
compensation received.
We address commissionable sales conflicts that arise when explaining to clients that commissionable
securities sales creates an incentive to recommend products based on the compensation we may earn
and when recommending commissionable mutual funds, explaining that “no-load” funds are available
through our firm if the client wishes to become an investment advisory client.
The ticket charges of products made available through Fidelity create an incentive to purchase
Fidelity’s proprietary Mutual Funds and iShares ETF’s, as there are transaction fees charged for most
other products. This creates a potential conflict of interest as our supervised persons have an
incentive to recommend specific investment products based on the appearance of lower costs.
This arrangement in no way prohibits you from purchasing investment products recommended by us
through other brokers or agents which are not affiliated with us. Furthermore, this arrangement does
not reduce your advisory fees to offset the commissions our supervised persons receive.
We would like to advise our clients that lower fees for comparable services may be available from
other sources.
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Termination & Refunds:
A client may terminate the investment management/advisory agreement with WWM at any time by
notifying the Firm in writing. The Firm’s investment advisory agreement specifies a 30 day notice
period. The Firm bills quarterly in advance. Upon notice of termination our firm will process a pro-
rata refund of the unearned portion of the advisory fees charged in advance.
The Firm may also terminate the investment management/advisory agreement at any time by
notifying the client in writing and returning to the client the unearned portion of the management fee
that was paid by the client in advance.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
We do not accept performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
We have the following types of clients:
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Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals
Charitable Organizations
Corporations, Limited Liability Companies, and/or Other Business Types
Other Investment Advisors
Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans
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Our requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging us:
Please see Item 4B(iii) for the minimum account balance requirements of LPL Sponsored
Advisory Programs.
Fidelity clients who opt into electronic delivery of statements and confirmations or maintain at least
$1 million in assets at Fidelity will not be charged transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and exchange
traded funds.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis:
• Charting
We use the following methods of analysis in formulating our investment advice and/or managing client
assets:
- analysis performed using patterns to identify current trends and trend reversals to
• Fundamental
forecast the direction of prices;
- analysis performed on historical and present data, with the goal of making
• Technical
financial forecasts;
- analysis performed on historical and present data, focusing on price and trade
• Cyclical
volume, to forecast the direction of prices;
- analysis performed on historical relationships between price and market trends to
forecast the direction of prices.
Investment Strategies & Asset Classes We Use:
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We use the following strategies in managing client accounts, if such strategies are appropriate to the needs
of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizons, among
other considerations:
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Long Term Purchases (Securities Held At Least a Year)
Short Term Purchases (Securities Sold Within a Year)
Trading (Securities Sold Within 30 Days)
Short Sales
Margin Transactions
Option Writing, including Covered Options, Uncovered Options, or Spreading Strategies
Western Wealth Select:
The Western Wealth Select program makes available to both Western
Wealth IARs as well as Institutional client’s access to multiple portfolios designed by our investment
committee. These model strategies will range from Aggressive Growth to Income with Capital
Preservation. Allocations and holdings are reviewed periodically by our firm’s investment committee.
IARs will then direct the trading team to allocate the client's funds into appropriate models based upon
their risk tolerance, income needs, investment objectives and investment horizon. The trading team
will then rebalance according to two criteria: (1) the underlying security or product within each
model, (2) the client's allocation level between each of the model. Each model will be periodically
rebalanced when drift of the underlying securities comprising the model exceeds +/- 10% of the target
allocation. The client portfolio will also be rebalanced periodically when drift between each model
exceeds +/- 10% of the recommended client allocation established their IAR.
Alternative Investments:
Hedge funds, commodity pools, Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”),
Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), Private Equity, Private Placements and other alternative
investments involve a high degree of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a
secondary trading market. They can be highly leveraged, speculative and volatile, and an investor could
lose all or a substantial amount of an investment. Alternative investments may lack transparency as to
share price, valuation and portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result in delayed tax reporting.
Compared to mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity pools are subject to less regulation and often
charge higher fees and may require “capital calls” which would require additional investment. Alternative
investment managers typically exercise broad investment discretion and may apply similar strategies
Bond Funds
across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in less diversification.
: A fund that invests in bonds, or other debt securities. Bond funds can be contrasted with
stock funds and money funds. Bond funds typically pay periodic dividends that include interest
payments on the fund's underlying securities plus periodic realized capital appreciation. Bond funds
typically pay higher dividends than a certificate of deposit (“CD”) and money market accounts. Most
bond funds pay out dividends more frequently than individual bonds.
Bond Funds can be classified by their primary underlying assets: (a) Government: Government bonds
are considered the safest. In the United States, these are United States Treasury securities or
Treasurys. Due to the safety, the yields are typically low.; (b) Agency: In the United States, these are
bonds issued by government agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie
Mae), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. (Freddie Mac), and Federal National Mortgage Association
(Fannie Mae).; (c) Municipal: Bonds issued by state and local governments and agencies are subject to
certain tax preferences and are typically exempt from federal taxes. In some cases, these bonds are
even exempt from state or local taxes.; (d) Corporate: Bonds are issued by corporations. All corporate
bonds are guaranteed by the borrowing (issuing) company, and the risk depends on the company's
ability to pay the loan at maturity. Some bond funds specialize in high-yield securities (junk bonds),
which are corporate bonds carrying a higher risk, due to the potential inability of the issuer to repay
the bond. Bond funds specializing in junk bonds – also known as "below investment-grade bonds" –
pay higher dividends than other bond funds, with the dividend return correlating approximately with
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the risk. Bond funds may also be classified by factors such as type of yield (high income) or term (short,
medium, long) or some other specialty such as zero-coupon bonds, international bonds, multisector
bonds, or convertible bonds.
Fund managers provide dedicated management and save the individual investor from researching
issuer creditworthiness, maturity, price, face value, coupon rate, yield, and countless other factors that
affect bond investing. Bond funds invest in many individual bonds, so that even a relatively small
investment is diversified—and when an underperforming bond is just one of many bonds in a fund,
its negative impact on an investor's overall portfolio is lessened. In a fund, income from all bonds can
be reinvested automatically and consistently added to the value of the fund. Investors can sell shares
in a bond fund at any time without regard to bond maturities.
Bond funds typically charge a fee, often as a percentage of the total investment amount. This fee is not
applicable to individually held bonds. Bond fund dividend payments may not be fixed as with the
interest payments of an individually held bond, leading to potential fluctuation of the value of dividend
payments. The net asset value (“NAV”) of a bond fund may change over time, unlike an individual bond
in which the total issue price will be returned upon maturity (provided the bond issuer does not
Cash & Cash Equivalents:
default).
Cash and cash equivalents generally refer to either United States dollars or
highly liquid short-term debt instruments such as, but not limited to, treasury bills, bank CD’s and
commercial papers. Generally, these assets are considered nonproductive and will be exposed to
inflation risk and considerable opportunity cost risk. Investments in cash and cash equivalents will
generally return less than the advisory fee charged by our firm. Our firm may recommend cash and
cash equivalents as part of our clients’ asset allocation when deemed appropriate and in their best
Cryptocurrency Products:
interest.
We may recommend investment in digital (crypto) currency products.
These products may are generally structured as a trust or exchange traded fund which pool capital
together to purchase holdings of digital currencies or derivatives based on their value. Such products
are extremely volatile and are suitable only as a means of diversification for investors with high risk
tolerances. Furthermore, these securities carry very high internal expense ratios, and may use
derivatives to achieve leverage or exposure in lieu of direct cryptocurrency holdings. This can result
in tracking error and may sell at a premium or discount to the market value of their underlying
holdings. Security is also a concern for digital currency investments which make them subject to the
additional risk of theft, as they are typically held with a non-traditional custodial platform.
Covered Calls:
The risks associated with this type of strategy involve having the underlying stock
called away. Each contract has a strike price at which the writer of the contract agrees to allow the
purchaser call the stock away from the writer. This can create a taxable event whereby the writer of
the option is required to recognize a capital gain on the underlying security. Furthermore, the market
price could appreciate beyond the strike price, forcing the writer to sell their holdings below current
Debt Securities (Bonds)
market value.
: Issuers use debt securities to borrow money. Generally, issuers pay
investors periodic interest and repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the
security and/or at maturity. Alternatively, investors can purchase other debt securities, such as zero-
coupon bonds, which do not pay current interest, but rather are priced at a discount from their face
values and their values accrete over time to face value at maturity. The market prices of debt securities
fluctuate depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality, and maturity. In general, market
prices of debt securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates fall. Bonds
with longer rates of maturity tend to have greater interest rate risks.
Certain additional risk factors relating to debt securities include: (a) When interest rates are declining,
14
investors have to reinvest their interest income and any return of principal, whether scheduled or
unscheduled, at lower prevailing rates.; (b) Inflation causes tomorrow’s dollar to be worth less than
today’s; in other words, it reduces the purchasing power of a bond investor’s future interest payments
and principal, collectively known as “cash flows.” Inflation also leads to higher interest rates, which in
turn leads to lower bond prices.; (c) Debt securities may be sensitive to economic changes, political
and corporate developments, and interest rate changes. Investors can also expect periods of economic
change and uncertainty, which can result in increased volatility of market prices and yields of certain
debt securities. For example, prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by
the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices.; (d)
Debt securities may contain redemption or call provisions entitling their issuers to redeem them at a
specified price on a date prior to maturity. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a lower interest
rate market, the account would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting
in decreased income to investors. Usually, a bond is called at or close to par value. This subjects
investors that paid a premium for their bond risk of lost principal. In reality, prices of callable bonds
are unlikely to move much above the call price if lower interest rates make the bond likely to be called.;
(e) If the issuer of a debt security defaults on its obligations to pay interest or principal or is the subject
of bankruptcy proceedings, the account may incur losses or expenses in seeking recovery of amounts
owed to it.; (f) There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular debt securities, which
may affect adversely the account's ability to value accurately or dispose of such debt securities.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may
decrease the value and/or liquidity of debt securities.
Our firm attempts to reduce the risks described above through diversification of the client’s portfolio
and by credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and corporate
and legislative developments, but there can be no assurance that our firm will be successful in doing
so. Credit ratings for debt securities provided by rating agencies reflect an evaluation of the safety of
principal and interest payments, not market value risk. The rating of an issuer is a rating agency's view
of past and future potential developments related to the issuer and may not necessarily reflect actual
outcomes. There can be a lag between the time of developments relating to an issuer and the time a
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”):
rating is assigned and updated.
An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-end
fund or unit investment trust) whose primary objective is to achieve the same return as a particular
market index. The vast majority of ETFs are designed to track an index, so their performance is close
to that of an index mutual fund, but they are not exact duplicates. A tracking error, or the difference
between the returns of a fund and the returns of the index, can arise due to differences in composition,
management fees, expenses, and handling of dividends. ETFs benefit from continuous pricing; they
can be bought and sold on a stock exchange throughout the trading day. Because ETFs trade like
stocks, you can place orders just like with individual stocks - such as limit orders, good-until-canceled
orders, stop loss orders etc. They can also be sold short. Traditional mutual funds are bought and
redeemed based on their net asset values (“NAV”) at the end of the day. ETFs are bought and sold at
the market prices on the exchanges, which resemble the underlying NAV but are independent of it.
However, arbitrageurs will ensure that ETF prices are kept very close to the NAV of the underlying
securities. Although an investor can buy as few as one share of an ETF, most buy in board lots. Anything
bought in less than a board lot will increase the cost to the investor. Anyone can buy any ETF no matter
where in the world it trades. This provides a benefit over mutual funds, which generally can only be
bought in the country in which they are registered.
One of the main features of ETFs are their low annual fees, especially when compared to traditional
mutual funds. The passive nature of index investing, reduced marketing, and distribution and
accounting expenses all contribute to the lower fees. However, individual investors must pay a
brokerage commission to purchase and sell ETF shares; for those investors who trade frequently, this
can significantly increase the cost of investing in ETFs. That said, with the advent of low-cost
brokerage fees, small or frequent purchases of ETFs are becoming more cost efficient.
15
Equity Securities:
Equity securities represent an ownership position in a company. Equity securities
typically consist of common stocks. The prices of equity securities fluctuate based on, among other
things, events specific to their issuers and market, economic and other conditions. For example, prices
of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as
derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices. There may be little trading in the
secondary market for particular equity securities, which may adversely affect our firm 's ability to
value accurately or dispose of such equity securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions,
whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of equity
securities. Investing in smaller companies may pose additional risks as it is often more difficult to
value or dispose of small company stocks, more difficult to obtain information about smaller
companies, and the prices of their stocks may be more volatile than stocks of larger, more established
companies. Clients should have a long-term perspective and, for example, be able to tolerate
Fee-Based Variable Annuities (“VA”):
potentially sharp declines in value.
•
A variable annuity is a type of annuity contract that allows for
the accumulation of capital on a tax-deferred basis. As opposed to a fixed annuity that offers a
guaranteed interest rate and a minimum payment at annuitization, variable annuities offer investors
the opportunity to generate higher rates of returns by investing in equity and bond subaccounts. If a
variable annuity is annuitized for income, the income payments can vary based on the performance of
the subaccounts. Risks associated with VAs may include:
•
Taxes and federal penalties for early withdrawal
•
Earnings taxed at ordinary income tax rates
•
Mortality expense to compensate the insurance company for insurance risks
•
Fees and expenses imposed for the subaccounts
Other riders with additional fees and charges
Margin Transactions:
Our firm may purchase securities for your portfolio with money borrowed from
your brokerage account. This allows you to purchase more stock than you would be able to with your
available cash and allows us to purchase securities without selling other holdings. Margin accounts and
transactions are risky and not necessarily appropriate for every client.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more funds than are deposited
into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in your account; (3) the sale of
securities or other assets without contacting you; (4) you may not be entitled to choose which securities
or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a margin call; and (5) custodians charge
interest on margin balances which will reduce your returns over time.
Margin Loans:
Our firm may allow or recommend that you to pledge securities from your portfolio as
collateral for a loan by using margin in brokerage account. This allows you to own more stock than you
would be able to with your available cash. Margin accounts and transactions are risky and not necessarily
appropriate for every client.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are (1) You can lose more funds than are deposited
into the margin account; (2) the forced sale of securities or other assets in your account; (3) the sale of
securities or other assets without contacting you; (4) you may not be entitled to choose which securities
or other assets in your account(s) are liquidated or sold to meet a margin call; and (5) custodians charge
Mutual Funds
interest on margin balances which will reduce your returns over time.
: A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests that
money in a variety of differing security types based on the objectives of the fund. The portfolio of the
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fund consists of the combined holdings it owns. Each share represents an investor’s proportionate
ownership of the fund’s holdings and the income those holdings generate. The price that investors pay
for mutual fund shares are the fund’s per share net asset value (“NAV”) plus any shareholder fees that
the fund imposes at the time of purchase (such as sales loads). Investors typically cannot ascertain the
exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities
the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades. With an individual stock, investors can
obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial
websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s
price changes from hour to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price
at which an investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which is
calculated daily after market close.
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally managed
by an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance of the securities
purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification, which is an
investing strategy that generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Spreading
investments across a wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk if a
company or sector fails. Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification through ownership of
mutual funds rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.; (c) Some mutual funds
accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting relatively low dollar
amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.; and (d) At any time, mutual
fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any fees and charges assessed
on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a) Investors must
pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs. Depending
on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes on any capital gains
distributions they receive. This includes instances where the fund performed poorly after purchasing
shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given
time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of
those trades.; and (c) With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time)
pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your
investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or
even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or
redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might not calculate until many
hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must calculate their NAV at least
Structured Products:
once every business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close.
Structured products are designed to facilitate highly customized risk-return
objectives. While structured products come in many different forms, they typically consist of a debt
security that is structured to make interest and principal payments based upon various assets, rates
or formulas. Many structured products include an embedded derivative component. Structured
products may be structured in the form of a security, in which case these products may receive benefits
provided under federal securities law, or they may be cast as derivatives, in which case they are
offered in the over-the-counter market and are subject to no regulation.
Investing in structured products includes significant risks, including valuation, lack of liquidity, price,
credit and market risks. The relative lack of liquidity is due to the highly customized nature of the
investment and the fact that the full extent of returns from the complex performance features is often
not realized until maturity.
Another risk with structured products is the credit quality of the issuer. Although the cash flows are
derived from other sources, the products themselves are legally considered to be the issuing financial
institution's liabilities. The vast majority of structured products are from high-investment-grade
17
issuers only. Also, there is a lack of pricing transparency. There is no uniform standard for pricing,
making it harder to compare the net-of-pricing attractiveness of alternative structured product
offerings than it is, for instance, to compare the net expense ratios of different mutual funds or
Please Note:
commissions among broker-dealers.
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While
the stock market may increase and your account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock
market may decrease and your account(s) could suffer a loss. Other risks may include Alternative-
Investment Risk, Interest-Rate Risk, Market Risk, Inflation Risk, Currency Risk, Political and
Legislative Risk, Reinvestment Risk, Business Risk, Liquidity Risk, Financial Risk, High Yield Risk,
Derivatives Risk, and Counterparty Risk. It is important that you understand the risks associated with
investing in the stock market, are appropriately diversified in your investments, and ask us any
questions you may have.
A risk of investing with a third-party manager who has been successful in the past is that they may not
be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as we do not control the underlying
investments in a third-party manager’s portfolio, there is also a risk that a manager may deviate from
the stated investment strategy of the portfolio, making it a less suitable investment for our clients.
Moreover, as we do not control the manager’s daily business and compliance operations, it is possible
for us to overlook the absence of internal controls necessary to prevent business, regulatory or
reputational deficiencies.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Neither our firm nor any of our management persons have been subject to any material legal or
disciplinary events.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Some IARs of our firm are registered representatives of LPL, member FINRA/SIPC. They may offer
securities and receive normal and customary commissions because of securities transactions. A
conflict of interest may arise as these commissionable securities sales may create an incentive to
recommend products based on the compensation they may receive. To minimize this conflict of
interest, our IARs will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code
of Ethics as well as clearly explaining this conflict when recommending any such products to our
clients. Clients are informed they are not obligated to purchase these products. As a result of this
relationship with LPL Financial, LPL may have access to certain confidential information (e.g., financial
information, investment objectives, transactions and holdings) for Western Wealth Management’s
clients, even if the client does not establish any account through LPL. If you would like a copy of the
LPL Financial Privacy Policy, please visit https://www.lpl.com/disclosures.html.
Some IARs of our firm are insurance agents/brokers. They may offer insurance products and receive
customary fees because of insurance sales. A conflict of interest may arise as these insurance sales
may create an incentive to recommend products based on the compensation our IARs may receive. To
minimize this conflict of interest, our IARs will place client interests ahead of their own interests and
adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics as well as clearly explaining this conflict when recommending any
such products to clients. Clients are not obligated to purchase these products.
Some IARs of our firm are also registered with LPL’s Corporate RIA. In such capacity, they may offer
advisory services and receive normal and customary fees, which are fully disclosed in LPL’s Form ADV,
which is available by searching the CRD# 6413 through the Investment Advisor Public Disclosure
website, www.adviserinfo.sec.gov and upon request. Since distinct services are offered through both
RIAs, no conflict of interests exists.
Our firm offers many services through its network of IARs. IARs may conduct advisory services under
18
a trade name (i.e. “Doing Business As” or “DBA “) that is held out to the public for marketing purposes.
WWM does not have any ownership interest in the IAR’s trade name or other corporate structure. IARs
of the Firm set the advisory fees charged to Client which cannot exceed the advisory fee(s) listed in
Item 5 of this Brochure. Additional Information regarding the nature of the relationship between IARs
is described in Items 5 and 10.
Our firm recommends and selects other investment advisers and receives compensation from those
advisers. As part of this process, we will provide an initial due diligence on the programs available,
gather information from clients about their financial situation, investment objectives, and restrictions,
and deliver the required account paperwork and disclosure documents if the client selects a program.
Prior to referring clients to an investment adviser, we will ensure that they are licensed or notice filed
with the respective authorities. The investment adviser will pay us a portion of the investment
advisory fee that they charge you for managing your account. The investment adviser will establish
and maintain their own separate billing processes over which we have no control. Details can be found
in their separate written disclosure documents. The compensation paid to us by the investment
advisers may vary, and thus, there may be a conflict of interest as we may be incentivized to
recommend investment advisers depending on the compensation they pay us. To minimize this
conflict our firm will make our selections in the best interest of our clients.
Investment research assistance may be provided by BlackRock Investments LLC and/or its affiliates
(together, “BlackRock”). The research provided represents a conflict of interest, as advisors may be
incentivized to utilize BlackRock funds in client portfolios to ensure continued receipt of these free
research services.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation, or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
We recognize that the personal investment transactions of members and employees of our firm demand
the application of a high Code of Ethics and require that all such transactions be carried out in a way that
does not endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, we believe that if investment goals are
similar for clients and for members and employees of our firm, it is logical and even desirable that there
be common ownership of some securities.
Therefore, to prevent conflicts of interest, we have in place a set of procedures with respect to
transactions effected by our members, officers, and employees for their personal accounts. To monitor
compliance with our personal trading policy, we have a quarterly securities transaction reporting
system for all our associates.
An investment adviser is considered a fiduciary. As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s
responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all material facts and to act solely in the best interest
of each of our clients always. We have a fiduciary duty to all clients. Our fiduciary duty is considered
the core underlying principle for our Code of Ethics which also includes Insider Trading and Personal
Securities Transactions Policies and Procedures. We require all our supervised persons to conduct
business with the highest level of ethical standards and to comply with all federal and state securities
laws.
Upon employment or affiliation and at least annually thereafter, all supervised persons will sign an
acknowledgement that they have read, understand, and agree to comply with our Code of Ethics. Our
firm and supervised persons must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and avoid
all circumstances that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete loyalty to all
clients. If a client or a potential client wishes to review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be
provided promptly upon request.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also
recommended to clients. To minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place client
interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics. Our related persons will
19
always trade personal accounts last.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
We seek to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold your assets and execute transactions on
terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available providers and their
services. We consider a wide range of factors, including, among others, these:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ability to maintain the confidentiality of trading intentions
Timeliness of execution
Timeliness and accuracy of trade confirmations
Ability to place trades in difficult market environments
Research services provided
Execution facilitation services provided
Record keeping services provided
Custody services provided
Frequency and correction of trading errors
Expertise as it relates to specific securities
Business reputation
With this in consideration, our firm has an arrangement with LPL, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., and
Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (collectively referred to as “Custodians”). The Custodians offer
services to independent investment advisers which include custody of securities, trade execution,
clearance, and settlement of transactions.
The Custodians may make certain research and brokerage services available at no additional cost to
our firm all of which qualify for the safe harbor exemption defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. These services may be directly from independent research companies, as
selected by our firm (within specific parameters). Research products and services provided by the
Custodians may include research reports on recommendations or other information about particular
companies or industries; economic surveys, data and analyses; financial publications; portfolio
evaluation services; financial database software and services; computerized news and pricing
services; quotation equipment for use in running software used in investment decision-making; and
other products or services that provide lawful and appropriate assistance by the Custodians to our
firm in the performance of our investment decision-making responsibilities.
We do not use client brokerage commissions to obtain research or other products or services that fall
outside of safe harbor. The aforementioned research and brokerage services are used by our firm to
manage accounts for which we have investment discretion. Without this arrangement, our firm might
be compelled to purchase the same or similar services at our own expense.
As a result of receiving these services, we may have an incentive to continue to use or expand the use
of the Custodians’ services. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest when we chose to
enter into the relationship with the Custodians and we have determined that the relationship is in the
best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our fiduciary obligations, including our duty to seek best
execution.
The Custodians charge brokerage commissions and transaction fees for effecting certain securities
transactions (i.e., transaction fees are charged for certain no-load mutual funds, commissions are
charged for individual equity and debt securities transactions). It is important to note however, that
Schwab does not charge commissions on domestic equity and exchange traded fund transactions and
that Fidelity does not charge commissions on domestic equity and exchange traded fund transactions
for clients who have opted into electronic delivery of statements and confirmations or clients who
20
maintain in excess of $1 million in assets under custody. The Custodians enable us to obtain many no-
load mutual funds without transaction charges and other no-load funds at nominal transaction
charges. The Custodians’ commission rates are generally discounted from customary retail
commission rates. The commission and transaction fees charged by the Custodians may be higher or
lower than those charged by other custodians and broker-dealers.
Our non-wrap fee program clients may pay a commission to the Custodians that is higher than another
qualified broker dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where we determine in good faith
that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services
received. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but
whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full
range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution capability,
commission rates, and responsiveness. Accordingly, although we will seek competitive rates, to the
benefit of all clients, we may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific
client account transactions.
We may recommend that clients establish account(s) at LPL. LPL provides brokerage and custodial
services to independent investment advisory firms, including WWM. For accounts custodied at LPL,
LPL generally is compensated by clients through commissions, trails, or other transaction-based fees
for trades that are executed through LPL or that settle into LPL accounts. For IRA accounts, LPL
generally charges account maintenance fees. In addition, LPL also charges clients miscellaneous fees
and charges, such as account transfer fees. LPL charges Investment Adviser an asset-based
administration fee for administrative services provided by LPL. Clients do not directly bear such
administration fees, but may be considered when Advisor negotiates its advisory fee with clients.
While LPL does not participate in or influence the formulation of the investment advice WWM
provides, certain supervised persons of Adviser are Dually Registered Persons. Dually Registered
Persons are restricted by certain FINRA rules and policies from maintaining client accounts at another
custodian or executing client transactions in such client accounts through any broker-dealer or
custodian that is not approved by LPL. Thus, the use of other trading platforms must be approved not
only by WWM, but also by LPL.
Clients of IARs who are also registered with LPL Financial as Registered Representatives should also
be aware that WWM is permitted to only recommend investments that have been approved or
authorized by LPL. As a result, investment opportunities may be limited to offering services and
investment vehicles that are approved by LPL. Investment vehicles that may be available through
other broker-dealers and custodians may be more suitable for a client’s portfolio than the services and
investment vehicles offered and/or approved through LPL.
Clients should understand that not all investment advisers request that clients custody their accounts
and trade through specific broker-dealers.
Clients should also understand that LPL is responsible under FINRA rules for supervising certain
business activities of WWM and its Dually Registered Persons that are conducted through broker-
dealers and custodians other than LPL. LPL charges a fee for its oversight of activities conducted
through these other broker-dealers and custodians. This arrangement presents a conflict of interest
because WWM has a financial incentive to recommend that you maintain your account with LPL rather
Soft Dollars:
than with another broker-dealer or custodian to avoid incurring the oversight fee.
Although the investment research products and services that may be obtained by our firm will
generally be used to service all of our clients, a brokerage commission paid by a specific client may be
used to pay for research that is not used in managing that specific client’s account.
Our firm does not accept products or services that do not qualify for Safe Harbor outlined in Section
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28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, such as those services that do not aid in investment
decision-making or trade execution.
Our firm occasionally participates in joint educational events with product sponsors. The product
sponsors can partially fund these events, but are in no way contingent upon the sale of their products.
Any potential conflict of interest is further mitigated by our fiduciary duty to act in the best interests
Client Brokerage Commissions
of our clients.
:
We do not use client brokerage commissions to obtain research or other products or services that fall
outside of safe harbor. The aforementioned research and brokerage services are used by our firm to
manage accounts for which we have investment discretion. Without this arrangement, our firm might
Procedures to Direct Client Transactions in Return for Soft Dollars:
be compelled to purchase the same or similar services at our own expense.
Brokerage for Client Referrals:
We do not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for soft dollar benefits.
Our firm does not engage in the practice of directing client brokerage to compensate or otherwise
Directed Brokerage:
reward brokers for client referrals.
Neither we nor any of our firm’s related persons have discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers with whom orders for the purchase or sale of securities are placed for
execution, and the commission rates at which such securities transactions are effected. Clients may
Permissibility of Client-Directed Brokerage:
direct us to execute through a specified broker-dealer.
We allow clients to direct brokerage outside our recommendation. We may be unable to achieve the
most favorable execution of client transactions. Client directed brokerage may cost clients more
money. For example, in a directed brokerage account, you may pay higher brokerage commissions
because we may not be able to aggregate orders to reduce transaction costs, or you may receive less
Other Economic Benefits:
favorable prices.
We may recommend that clients establish brokerage accounts with the Schwab Advisor Services
division of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), a registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, to
maintain custody of clients’ assets and to effect trades for their accounts. The final decision to custody
assets with Schwab is at the discretion of the Advisor’s clients, including those accounts under ERISA
or IRA rules and regulations, in which case the client is acting as either the plan sponsor or IRA account
holder. WWM is independently owned and operated and not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab provides
WWM with access to its institutional trading and custody services, which are typically not available to
Schwab retail investors. These services generally are available to independent investment advisors on
an unsolicited basis, at no charge to them so long as a total of at least $10 million of the advisor’s
clients’ assets are maintained in accounts at Schwab Advisor Services. Schwab’s services include
brokerage services that are related to the execution of securities transactions, custody, research,
including that in the form of advice, analyses and reports, and access to mutual funds and other
investments that are otherwise generally available only to institutional investors or would require a
significantly higher minimum initial investment.
For WWM client accounts maintained in its custody, Schwab generally does not charge separately for
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custody services but is compensated by account holders through commissions or other transaction-
related or asset-based fees for securities trades that are executed through Schwab or that settle into
Schwab accounts.
Schwab also makes available to WWM other products and services that benefit WWM but may not
benefit its clients’ accounts. These benefits may include educational events organized and/or
sponsored by Schwab Advisor Services. Other potential benefits may include occasional business
entertainment of personnel of WWM by Schwab personnel, including meals, invitations to sporting
events, including golf tournaments, and other forms of entertainment, some of which may accompany
educational opportunities. Other of these products and services assist WWM in managing and
administering clients’ accounts. These include software and other technology (and related
technological training) that provide access to client account data (such as trade confirmations and
account statements), facilitate trade execution (and allocation of aggregated trade orders for multiple
client accounts), provide research, pricing information and other market data, facilitate payment of
fees from its clients’ accounts, and assist with back-office training and support functions,
recordkeeping, and client reporting. Schwab Advisor Services also makes available to WWM other
services intended to help WWM manage and further develop its business enterprise. These services
may include professional compliance, legal and business consulting, publications and conferences on
practice management, information technology, business succession, regulatory compliance, employee
benefits providers, human capital consultants, insurance, and marketing. In addition, Schwab may
make available, arrange, and/or pay vendors for these types of services rendered to WWM by
independent third parties. Schwab Advisor Services may discount or waive fees it would otherwise
charge for some of these services or pay all or a part of the fees of a third-party providing these services
to WWM. While, as a fiduciary, we endeavor to act in our clients’ best interests, WWM’s
recommendation that clients maintain their assets in accounts at Schwab may be based in part on the
benefit to WWM of the availability of some of the foregoing products and services and other
arrangements and not solely on the nature, cost or quality of custody and brokerage services provided
by Schwab, which may create a potential conflict of interest.
LPL makes available various products and services designed to assist WWM in managing and
administering client accounts. Many of these products and services may be used to service all or a
substantial number of accounts, including accounts not held with LPL Financial. These include
software and other technology that provide access to client account data (such as trade confirmation
and account statements); facilitate trade execution (and aggregation and allocation of trade orders for
multiple client accounts); provide research, pricing information and other market data; facilitate
payment of fees from its clients’ accounts; and assist with back- office functions; recordkeeping and
client reporting.
LPL also makes available to WWM other services intended to help manage and further develop its
business. Some of these services assist WWM to better monitor and service program accounts
maintained at LPL, however, many of these services benefit only WWM, for example, services that
assist WWM in growing its business. These support services and/or products may be provided
without cost, at a discount, and/or at a negotiated rate, and include practice management-related
publications; consulting services; attendance at conferences and seminars, meetings, and other
educational and/or social events; marketing support; and other products and services used by WWM
in furtherance of the operation and development of its investment advisory business.
Where such services are provided by a third-party vendor, LPL will either make a payment to WWM
to cover the cost of such services, reimburse WWM for the cost associated with the services, or pay
the third-party vendor directly on behalf of WWM.
The products and services described above are provided to WWM as part of its overall relationship
with LPL. While as a fiduciary WWM endeavors to act in its clients’ best interests, the receipt of these
benefits creates a conflict of interest because WWM’s recommendation that clients custody their
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assets at LPL is based in part on the benefit to WWM of the availability of the foregoing products and
services and not solely on the nature, cost or quality of custody or brokerage services provided by LPL.
WWM’s receipt of some of these benefits may be based on the amount of advisory assets custodied on
the LPL Financial platform.
LPL provides various benefits and payments to Dually Registered Persons that are new to the LPL
platform to assist the representative with the costs (including foregone revenues during account
transition) associated with transitioning his or her business to the LPL platform (collectively referred
to as “Transition Assistance”). The proceeds of such Transition Assistance payments are intended to
be used for a variety of purposes, including but not necessarily limited to, providing working capital
to assist in funding the Dually Registered Person’s business, satisfying any outstanding debt owed to
the Dually Registered Person’s prior firm, offsetting account transfer fees (ACATs) payable to LPL as
a result of the Dually Registered Person’s clients transitioning to LPL’s custodial platform, technology
set-up fees, marketing and mailing costs, stationary and licensure transfer fees, moving expenses,
office space expenses, staffing support and termination fees associated with moving accounts.
The amount of the Transition Assistance payments is often significant in relation to the overall
revenue earned or compensation received by the Dually Registered Person at [his/her] prior firm.
Such payments are generally based on the size of the Dually Registered Person’s business established
at [his/her] prior firm and/or assets under custody on the LPL platform. Please refer to the relevant
Part 2B brochure supplement for more information about the specific Transition Payments your
representative receives.
Transition Assistance payments and other benefits are provided to associated persons of WWM in
their capacity as registered representatives of LPL. However, the receipt of Transition Assistance by
such Dually Registered Persons creates conflicts of interest relating to WWM’s advisory business
because it creates a financial incentive for WWM’s representatives to recommend that its clients
maintain their accounts with LPL. In certain instances, the receipt of such benefits is dependent on a
Dually Registered Person maintaining its clients’ assets with LPL and therefore WWM has an incentive
to recommend that clients maintain their account with LPL to generate such benefits.
WWM attempts to mitigate these conflicts of interest by evaluating and recommending that clients use
LPL’s services based on the benefits that such services provide to our clients, rather than the
Transition Assistance earned by any Dually Registered Person. WWM considers LPL’s timeliness of
execution, timeliness and accuracy of trade confirmations and execution facilitation services provided
when recommending or requiring that clients maintain accounts with LPL. However, clients should be
aware of this conflict and take it into consideration in deciding whether to custody their assets in a
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients:
brokerage account at LPL.
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account through
a specific broker or dealer to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such direction is permitted
if the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the plan incurred in the ordinary course
of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits
directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services purchased are not for the exclusive
benefit of the plan. Consequently, we will request that plan sponsors who direct plan brokerage
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale:
provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
We perform investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the
same security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar
investment objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either
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advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more accounts, they are affected only when we believe
that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations
occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts
involved. In any given situation, we attempt to allocate trade executions in the most equitable manner
possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of funds
using price averaging, proration, and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
We review accounts at least on an annual basis for our clients subscribing to our Comprehensive
Portfolio Management service. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether clients’ accounts are in
line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market conditions, and
investment policies, if applicable. Only our Financial Advisors or Portfolio Managers will conduct
reviews. We do not provide written reports to clients, unless asked to do so. Verbal reports to clients
take place on at least an annual basis when we contact clients who subscribe to the following services:
Asset Management, Comprehensive Portfolio Management Portfolio Monitoring, and LPL Sponsored
Advisory Programs.
We may review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the factors which may
trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the client’s life events, requests by
the client, etc.
Financial Planning or Consulting clients do not receive ongoing or periodic reviews of their plans
unless agreed upon in writing or unless an additional agreement is entered. Financial Planning clients
do not receive written or verbal updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately
contract with us for a post- financial plan meeting.
Retirement Plan Consulting clients receive reviews of their pension plans for the duration of the
service. We provide ongoing services to retirement plan consulting clients where we meet with such
clients upon their request to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc.
Retirement Plan Consulting clients will receive performance reports on either a quarterly, semi-
annually, or annual basis. Verbal reports to clients take place on at least an annual basis when we
contact clients.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Other Compensation:
(see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices)
(see Item 9 – Other Economic Benefits)
As part of our relationship with Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., we receive an economic benefit in the form
of support products and services it makes available to us and other independent investment advisors
that maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit us, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above
and in our Wrap Fee
Program Brochure
. The availability to us of Schwab’s products
and services is not based on us giving particular investment advice, such as buying particular
securities for our clients.
Our firm does not have any additional compensation arrangements with Fidelity to disclose.
As part of our relationship with LPL, we receive without cost and/or at a discount non-soft- dollar
support services and/or products, to assist us to better monitor and service client accounts
maintained at LPL. Included within the support services we may receive investment-related research,
pricing information and market data, software and other technology that provide access to client
account data, compliance and/or practice management-related publications, discounted or gratis
consulting services, discounted and/or gratis attendance at conferences, meetings, and other
educational and/or social events, marketing support, computer hardware and/or software and/or
other products used by us to assist us in our investment advisory business operations. Our clients do
not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or assets maintained at LPL as result of this
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arrangement. There is no commitment made by us to the Custodians or any other institution because
of the above arrangements.
WWM its Representatives and its Dually Registered Persons are incented to join and remain affiliated
with LPL and to recommend that clients establish accounts with LPL Financial through the provision
of Transition Assistance (discussed in Item 12 above). LPL also provides other compensation to WWM
its Representatives and Dually Registered Persons, including but not limited to, bonus payments,
repayable and forgivable loans, stock awards and other benefits.
The receipt of any such compensation creates a financial incentive for your representative to
recommend LPL as custodian for the assets in your advisory account. We encourage you to discuss
any such conflicts of interest with your representative before deciding to custody your assets at LPL.
Our firm will also receive various reimbursements by product sponsors when we host client and or
appreciation event for our own personnel. This creates a conflict of interest as our firm may be inclined
to recommend specific products in order to continue receiving such benefits. However, it is important
to note that the receipt of these benefits is not reliant on the sale of specific products. As such WWM
will at all time act in the clients best in
Referral Fees:
In accordance with Rule 206 (4)-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, our firm provides cash or non-
cash compensation directly or indirectly to unaffiliated persons for testimonials or endorsements (which
include client referrals). Such compensation arrangements will not result in higher costs to the referred
client. In this regard, our firm maintains a written agreement with each unaffiliated person that is
compensated for testimonials or endorsements in an aggregate amount of $1,000 or more (or the
equivalent value in non-cash compensation) over a trailing 12-month period in compliance with Rule 206
(4)-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and applicable state and federal laws. The following
information will be disclosed clearly and prominently to referred prospective clients at the time of each
testimonial or endorsement:
•
•
•
Whether or not the unaffiliated person is a current client of our firm,
A description of the cash or non-cash compensation provided directly or indirectly by our firm
to the unaffiliated person in exchange for the referral, if applicable, and
A brief statement of any material conflicts of interest on the part of the unaffiliated person
giving the referral resulting from our firm’s relationship with such unaffiliated person.
In cases where state law requires licensure of solicitors, our firm ensures that no solicitation fees are paid
unless the solicitor is registered as an investment adviser representative of our firm. If our firm is paying
solicitation fees to another registered investment adviser, the licensure of individuals is the other firm’s
responsibility.
Item 15: Custody
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets (which are maintained by a qualified
custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of certain client assets if given the
authority to withdraw assets from client accounts, as further described below under “Standing
Instructions”. All our clients receive account statements directly from their qualified custodian(s) at
least quarterly upon opening of an account. We urge our clients to carefully review these statements.
Additionally, if our firm decides to send its own account statements to clients, such statements will
include a legend that recommends the client compare the account statements received from the
qualified custodian with those received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to raise any questions
with us about the custody, safety or security of their assets and our custodial recommendations.
The SEC issued a no-action letter (“Letter”) with respect to the Rule 206(4)-2 (“Custody Rule”) under
the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided guidance on the Custody
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•
Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client funds to a third party
under a standing letter of instruction (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody. As such, our firm has
adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with our custodians:
•
•
•
•
•
•
The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the client’s
signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third party’s account
number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s form
or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from time to
time.
The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as a
signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization, and provides a transfer of
funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified custodian.
The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third
party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the client’s
instruction.
The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party of
the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Our firm manages accounts on a discretionary basis. After you sign an agreement with our firm, we’re
allowed to buy and sell investments in your account without asking you in advance. Any limitations
will be described in the signed advisory agreement. We will have discretion until the advisory
agreement is terminated by you or our firm.
With respect to the use of third-party managers, our firm does not manage these client portfolios, or
this portion of the client assets. We monitor the managers and when the client grants us the authority
to hire and fire the selected registered investment adviser directly our firm exercises our
Discretionary investment authority without being required to obtain client consent.
Should clients wish to impose reasonable limitations on this discretionary authority, such limitations
must be submitted in writing. Clients may change/amend these limitations in writing, as desired.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
We do not and will not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies
or other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. If proxies are sent to our firm,
we will forward them on to you and ask the party who sent them to mail or email them directly to you
in the future.
Item 18: Financial Information
•
We are not required to provide financial information in this Brochure because:
We do not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees and six or more months in
advance.
•
•
We do not take custody of client funds or securities.
We do not have a financial condition or commitment that impairs our ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients.
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We have never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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