Overview
- Headquarters
- San Rafael, CA
- Average Client Assets
- $3.2 million
- Minimum Account Size
- $1,000,000
- SEC CRD Number
- 152506
Fee Structure
Primary Fee Schedule (WESTHILL FINANCIAL FORM ADV PART 2A)
| Min | Max | Marginal Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $0 | $100,000 | 1.35% |
| $100,001 | $500,000 | 1.15% |
| $500,001 | $1,000,000 | 0.85% |
| $1,000,001 | $3,000,000 | 0.60% |
| $3,000,001 | and above | 0.30% |
Illustrative Fee Rates
| Total Assets | Annual Fees | Average Fee Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $1 million | $10,200 | 1.02% |
| $5 million | $28,200 | 0.56% |
| $10 million | $43,200 | 0.43% |
| $50 million | $163,200 | 0.33% |
| $100 million | $313,200 | 0.31% |
Clients
- HNW Share of Firm Assets
- 86.87%
- Total Client Accounts
- 1,272
- Discretionary Accounts
- 1,266
- Non-Discretionary Accounts
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Services Offered
Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals, Pension Consulting, Educational Seminars
Regulatory Filings
Primary Brochure: WESTHILL FINANCIAL FORM ADV PART 2A (2026-03-12)
View Document Text
Item 1 – COVER PAGE
FORM ADV PART 2A* BROCHURE FORM ADV
March 2026
999 Fifth Avenue, Suite 300
San Rafael, CA 94901
Tel: 415-456-2292
Fax: 415-456-2935
https://www.westhillfa.com
*This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of WestHill
Financial Advisors, Inc. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please
contact the Firm’s Chief Compliance Officer, Kirk M. Ludwig, at telephone 415-456-2292 or
compliance@westhillfa.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified
by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state authority.
This Brochure provides information upon which a prospective client may determine whether or not
to hire our Firm. You are encouraged to review this Brochure and Supplements regarding the Firm’s
associates for information on the qualifications of the Firm and its employees. The use of the term
“registered investment advisor” and description of WestHill Financial Advisors, Inc. and/or our
associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about WestHill Financial Advisors, Inc. is available on the SEC’s website at
www.advisorinfo.sec.gov.
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Item 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES FROM PRIOR FORM ADV 2A
This updated Form ADV Part 2A contains the following material changes from the prior version:
There were no material changes from the prior filing.
-
2
Item 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1 – COVER PAGE .....................................................................................................................................1
Item 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES FROM PRIOR FORM ADV 2A .........................................................................2
Item 3 – TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………………………3
Item 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS ...........................................................................................................................4
Item 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION ..............................................................................................................10
Item 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES and SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ................................................... 14
Item 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS ............................................................................................................................. 14
Item 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISK OF LOSS METHODS OF ANALYSIS ...... 14
Item 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION .......................................................................................................... 16
Item 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ....................................................... 16
Item 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL
TRADING ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Item 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES ................................................................................................................ 18
Item 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ................................................................................................................. 21
Item 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ....................................................................... 21
Item 15 - CUSTODY ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Item 16 - INVESTMENT DISCRETION ............................................................................................................... 23
Item 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ............................................................................................................ 23
Item 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. 23
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Item 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS
Registered with the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)
Registration Status –
in January 20101
Owners –
Kirk M. Ludwig
Matthew F. Taddei
Diane McCracken
Meghan M. Hyland
Nicholas F. Safrit
Assets Under Management –
(as of December 31, 2025)
Discretionary Assets – $ 775,598,905
Non-discretionary Assets- $ 13,842,223
Total Assets - $ 789,441,128
$ 396,698,088
Assets Under Advisement –
(as of December 31, 2025)
ADVISORY SERVICES
WestHill Financial Advisors, Inc. (hereafter, “WH” the “Firm” or “Advisor”) is an independent
registered investment advisor2 providing personalized confidential financial planning, financial
consulting and investment management services to individuals, trusts, estates, small- to mid-size
businesses, non-profits, and endowments. In addition, the Firm provides comprehensive
investment management and pension consulting services to pension and profit-sharing plans,
defined benefit plans and non-qualified plans.
Depending upon the nature of the engagement, our services include, among others, financial
goal setting, risk assessment, strategic asset allocation and the selection and management of
securities and investments, cash flow management, tax planning, insurance review, investment
management, education funding, retirement planning, and estate planning. We offer our services
on both a discretionary basis or when appropriate for specialized assets, on a nondiscretionary
basis.
Typically, WH’s individually managed clients retain the Firm to provide comprehensive financial
planning and investment management services in a single engagement. We do offer separate
financial planning, financial consulting and/or investment management services on a stand-
alone basis in which case the client will execute an agreement restricted to those specific services
required.
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WestHill Financial Advisors, Inc., (WH) was founded in 1989, incorporated in 2007 and previously offered
advisory services as Taddei, Ludwig & Associates, Inc. (2010-2020) and Cambridge Investment Research Inc.
(2007-2010) and AXA Advisors (1989-2007).
2
“Registration” means only that the Firm meets the minimum requirements for registration as an
investment advisor and does not imply a certain level of skill or training or that the SEC or other regulator
guarantees the quality of our services or recommends them.
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Fiduciary Status
When WH provides investment advice to you regarding your investment accounts, including your
retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning
of certain state and federal laws such as the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or
the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission,
as applicable. These regulations require us to act in your best interest and not put our interests
ahead of yours.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND FINANCIAL CONSULTING SERVICES
WH provides comprehensive financial planning or project-specific financial consultations services
on either a fixed fee basis or an hourly fee basis. WH’s financial planning/consulting services may
include a financial review and analysis of some or all of the following areas:
Estate Plan Review or Development
• Determining Current Net Worth
• Determining Financial Goals and Objectives
• Cash Flow Management Review
• Review of Current Investments and Asset Allocation Review
• Cost Audit of Current Investments
Strategic Tax Analysis
•
• Retirement Plan Analysis
•
• Review of Insurance Needs
Education Funding Analysis
•
• Compensation benefits analysis of company options, warrants, restricted stock
• Major Purchase Analysis Mortgage and Refinance Evaluation
• Charitable (or social capital) Planning
• Opinion on Current Investment Strategy/Advisors
• Other financial or investment analysis
Detailed investment advice and specific recommendations are provided as part of a financial
plan. Implementation of any financial plan or investment strategy recommendations is at the
client's discretion. After delivery of a financial plan, future face-to-face meetings may be
scheduled as necessary for up to six months. Follow-up implementation of financial plan
recommendations is billed separately at the Firm’s current rate.
In performing its services, WH is not required to verify any information received from the client or
from the client’s other professionals (e.g., attorney, accountant, etc.) and is authorized to rely on
such information as provided. Clients must promptly notify us of any change in their financial
situation or investment objectives that would necessitate a review or revision by our advisors of the
client’s portfolio and/or financial plan.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Our investment management services are tailored to each client’s specific risk tolerance, time
horizon, liquidity requirements, and resilience to market volatility. While we strive to create
sustainable long-term investment strategies, we review and adjust asset allocations and risk
exposure as required by changes in market and client circumstances. The Firm’s portfolio manager
gathers information about each client’s individual financial condition and investment goals
through personal consultations, questionnaires, and document review. On the basis of this
information, the Firm designs an individualized asset allocation strategy based on a client’s earning
capacity, savings, investment history, tax issues, retirement horizon, education and legacy
planning, and any other matters that a client deems important.
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Depending upon the client’s preferences, we offer the following investment management services:
• Creation of an asset allocation strategy;
• Recommendation of specific securities for investment;
•
Execution of securities transactions on behalf of clients through designated custodians and
executing broker-dealers;
• Monitoring and rebalancing client account holdings; and
• Periodic account performance reporting.
A client may make additions to and withdrawals from the client’s custodial account at any time,
subject to the Firm’s right to terminate an account if the amount of assets drops below our account
size minimum. Clients may withdraw account assets with notice to the Firm, subject to the usual
and customary securities settlement procedures. However, we design client portfolios as long-term
investments and caution our clients that asset withdrawals may impair the achievement of the
client’s investment objectives.
Additions to an account may be in cash or securities provided that our portfolio managers may
decline to accept particular securities into a client’s account or may recommend that the security
be liquidated if it is inconsistent with the Firm’s investment strategy or the client’s investment
objectives. Clients are advised that when transferred securities are liquidated, they may be subject
to transaction fees, fees assessed at the mutual fund level (i.e. contingent deferred sales charge)
and/or tax ramifications.
Unless provided in connection with the financial planning services described above, clients
engaging WH to provide investment management services will generally be required to enter into
a separate written agreement with WH setting forth the terms and conditions of the engagement
and describing the scope of the services to be provided.
Advisor Does Not Provide Comprehensive Tax or Accounting Services
In providing investment management services, WH’s decisions and recommendations may
include the consideration of the possible alternative tax consequences incidental to such
recommendations. However, the Firm does not undertake to provide
decisions and
comprehensive tax or accounting services. Although we may prepare reports to assist our clients
with the preparation of tax returns, such reports do not represent the advice or approval of tax
professionals. We advise clients to consult a tax professional in order to determine the tax and
accounting consequences of investments in their accounts.
BUSINESS CONSULTING SERVICES
WH consults with business owners on areas of their business such as key employee retention,
succession planning, legacy planning, how to transition the business to family or key employees
and how to protect the business against the risk of the owner’s premature death or disability. WH
also provides financial and insurance consultation for family law attorneys and individuals in pre-
divorce, trial, and post-divorce situations. Scope of services includes financial modeling and
projections, analysis and advice on life, disability, and long-term care insurance, and general
financial planning advice.
PENSION AND PROFIT-SHARING PLAN AND PENSION CONSULTING SERVICES
WH provides comprehensive qualified and non-qualified retirement plan consulting, investment
advice and fiduciary due diligence services, employee and investment education, asset
allocation services, plan service provider proposal and vendor research and analysis, and plan
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design guidance to individuals, qualified and non-qualified retirement plan sponsors, and business
entities. We offer pension consulting services and investment management services designed to
assist plan sponsors in meeting their management and fiduciary obligations to participants under
the Employee Retirement Income Securities Act (“ERISA”) under either Section 3(21) of ERISA or
Section 3(38) of ERISA. Pursuant to adopted regulations of the U.S. Department of Labor under
ERISA Section 408(b)(2), we provide the plan representative(the person who has the authority to
engage us as an investment adviser to the plan) with a written statement of the services we
provide, the compensation we receive for providing those services, and our status as either a 3(21)
or 3(38) fiduciary.
Employer Sponsored Plan Services include:
Investment Advice (Plan Level)
investment due diligence process
is to establish a
WH provides research and analysis with regard to investment advice and fiduciary due
diligence services for the client plan. We also provide research and analysis that covers the
investment products of several qualified and non-qualified retirement plan providers. The goal
of the
logical, technical, and
comprehensive process that is consistently employed in the selection and ongoing monitoring
of funds for plan sponsors and individuals, accompanied by an investment policy statement
(for plan sponsors only), that defines the process utilized to recommend the investments to
plan sponsors and individuals.
Investment performance relative to benchmark performance for the same asset class;
The Firm may employ many different calculations, processes, and screening techniques to
arrive at specific recommended individual investments within the array of investments offered
by each investment provider that is being analyzed, including but not limited to the following:
Investment analysis by asset class (domestic equity, international equity, income,
•
hybrid/managed accounts), including market capitalization (small, medium, and large),
and investment objective (value, blend, and growth orientation);
• Performance relative to other investments in the same asset class;
•
• Percentile ranking of investment performance for the same asset class;
•
Style-based analysis to determine the impact of an investment being managed differently
than its stated investment objective (which is usually a combination of the stated market
capitalization category and investment objective category);
• Macro screens to eliminate long-term underperforming investments, funds with total
managed assets of less than the minimum threshold deemed to be adequate by WH;
• Review of Upside and Downside capture, to estimate upside potential and downside risk
of each investment;
• Common objective risk and return statistical measurements, such as Sharpe ratio, Treynor
ratio, standard deviation, alpha, and betas;
• Common statistically relevant manager value measurements such as information ratio and
tracking error;
• R-squared, correlation coefficients, and other statistically relevant information;
•
•
•
Short- and long-term historical analysis with any of the above measurements;
Financial strength, stability, and reputation of the investment provider, and individual
investments offered by and through the investment provider;
Tenure and experience of investment management personnel; • Investment philosophy,
process, and style; and
Investment fees.
•
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The Firm evaluates the client’s existing
Investment Policy Statement and provides
recommendations that are consistent with the client’s fiduciary obligations, if applicable,
under ERISA Section 404(c).
Employee (Participant) Investment Education. WH provides group employee enrollment, re-
enrollment, and investment education support. The goal of this process is to help employees
make educated and informed choices about the plan and investment allocation under the
investment education guidelines set forth by the U.S. Department of Labor. Meetings are
offered on an annual, semi-annual, quarterly, or as requested.
Employee (Participant) Investment Advice and/or Asset Allocation Models. WH assists plan
participants in finding the asset mix which is most likely to meet their investment objectives
within acceptable risk parameters. Asset class sub-types can include domestic large cap
value equity, domestic large cap growth equity, domestic mid-cap value equity, domestic
mid-cap growth equity, domestic small cap value equity, domestic small cap growth equity,
international equity, core fixed income, short term fixed income, high yield fixed income, and
other appropriate asset classes and investments.
Qualified/ Non-Qualified Plan Design Review. The Firm provides in-depth plan reviews that
include an analysis of relevant design features, including age and length of service eligibility
requirements; vesting; forfeitures; employer matching contribution formulas; entry and re-entry
dates; and other pertinent design features.
Qualified/Non-Qualified Retirement Plan Proposal Vendor Research and Analysis. WH assists
clients with the selection of a plan provider, or providers based on detailed research and
analysis of several vendors. The vendor review process includes an evaluation of
administrative, recordkeeping, compliance, and employee communications services,
administrative and investment-related fees, and an investment overview that incorporates
a very similar analysis to the investment due diligence process described above.
Newsletters. Periodic employer newsletters may include industry and marketplace updates,
plan design and compliance suggestions, and legislative updates.
Management of Conversion Process. WH offers to help facilitate plan conversion. Included in this
process is providing sample letters and correspondence related to the plan conversion and
monitoring the action items identified in the Plan Sponsor Conversion Checklist.
Fiduciary Plan Review. The Fiduciary Plan Review™ includes a compliance checklist, plan
design analysis, and other related analysis designed to address plan compliance and
efficiency. This document typically includes a list of action items and suggestions, based
on plan demographics and a discussion between the client’s plan fiduciaries and any
401(k) advisors.
404(c) Audit. WH provides a comprehensive checklist of the latest industry accepted
standards with respect to 404(c) compliance and works with each client to facilitate
completion of the checklist. The responsible party for addressing and verifying each item will
either be the plan provider, the client, or in some instances WH will provide the research and
analysis.
Fiduciary Role under ERISA. For those services stated under Investment Advice (Plan Level), WH
acknowledges that it is a fiduciary with respect to the Plan under Section 3(21)(A)(ii) of ERISA
as amended and, as such, is a co- fiduciary with the trustees(s) of the client’s plan solely with
8
respect to (a) the provision of investment education to the employer and/or plan participants
(depending on the specific advisory services provided); (b)the periodic reporting on, and
analysis of, the investment options available under the plan; and (c) the provision of advice
to the trustee(s) regarding the elimination or addition of investment options available under
the plan; provided, however, that the trustee(s) acknowledge and agree that the trustee(s)
have the final and conclusive responsibility for the investment options selected to be available
under the plan. WH is not responsible for investment decisions made by the plan participants
with respect to the investment of their accounts.
Reports to Client. For those services stated under Employee (Participant) Investment
Education, Employee (Participant) Investment Advice, and Other Investment Advisory
Services
(Third Party Money Managers) based on the results of the periodic (quarterly or semi- annual)
analysis, WH may recommend changes to the core group of investment recommendations
offered by one or more of the investment managers included in the analysis. As such, WH will
provide plan fiduciaries with a periodic report that includes fund rankings in each category.
Custody of Plan and Participant Assets. All assets in Client’s account shall be held for
safekeeping with a designated custodian as selected by the Client. WH shall not act as
Custodian for any assets in the Client’s account and shall not take possession of cash and/or
securities of the Client’s account. WH shall not be liable to Client for any act, conduct or
omission by Custodian. WH is only authorized or empowered to issue instructions to Custodian
or to request information about the Account from Custodian for the limited purpose of
managing the asset allocation of the Models. WH has no other discretion or control in regard
to Custodian instructions.
SELECTION OF OTHER ADVISERS / USE OF INDEPENDENT MANAGERS
WH may recommend that a client utilize one or more unaffiliated investment managers or
investment platforms (collectively “Independent Managers”) available through Schwab, for all or
apportion of a client’s investment portfolio, based on the client’s needs and objectives. (See
additional information in Item 8, below.) In such instances, the client may be required to authorize
and enter into an investment management agreement with an Independent Manager that defines
the terms in which Schwab and/or the Independent Manager will provide its services. WH will perform
initial and ongoing oversight and due diligence over each Independent Manager to ensure the
strategy remains aligned with client’s investment objectives and overall best interests. WH will also
assist the client in the development of the initial policy recommendations and managing the
ongoing client relationship. WH will offer discretionary services and may assist in the selection of
investment managers or investment platforms without the client’s permission. The client, prior to
entering into an agreement with an Investment Manager or investment platform, will be provided
with the Independent Manager's Form ADV 2A (or a brochure that makes the appropriate
disclosures).
TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT
Clients or the Firm may terminate the relationship upon written notice to the other party. The Firm
does not assess any fees related to termination but will be entitled to all management fees earned
up to the date of termination. Any earned investment management fees owed to the Firm will be
billed to the client, or where authorized, deducted from the client’s account, on a pro rata basis
determined on the amount of time expired in the billing period. Any unearned prepaid
management fees will be refunded to the client. Any unearned prepaid financial planning or
financial consultation fees will be refunded to the client. Any unpaid financial planning or
9
consultation fees will be billed to the client for immediate payment or deducted from the client’s
retainer.
WH reserves the right to stop work on any account that is more than 60 days overdue. In addition,
WH reserves the right to terminate any financial planning engagement where a client has willfully
concealed or has refused to provide pertinent information about financial situations when
necessary and appropriate, in WH’s judgment, to providing proper financial advice. Any unused
portion of fees collected in advance will be refunded within 60 days.
For new clients of the Firm, if a copy of this Form ADV Part 2A disclosure statement was not
delivered to the client 48 hours or more before the client enters into a written advisory contract
with Advisor, then the client has the right to terminate the contract without penalty within five (5)
business days after entering into the contract. A contract is considered entered into when all
parties to the contract have signed the contract. If the client terminates the contract on this basis,
all fees paid by the client will be refunded however, any transaction costs imposed by an
executing broker or custodian for establishing the custodial account or for trades occurring during
those five days are non-refundable.
Item 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND FINANCIAL CONSULTING FEES
The fixed fee for a financial plan is predicated upon the facts known at the start of the
engagement. The fee typically ranges from $4,000 to $10,000 depending on the complexity and
scope for comprehensive plans and is negotiable for limited scope plans. Since financial planning
is a discovery process, situations occur wherein the client is unaware of certain financial exposures
or predicaments. In the event that the client’s situation is substantially different than disclosed at
the initial meeting, a revised fee will be provided for mutual agreement. The client must approve
the change of scope in advance of the additional work being performed when a fee increase is
necessary.
Hourly fees for financial planning or financial consultations are typically $400 per hour.
Estimated financial planning and financial consultation fees are paid in advance.
The initial financial planning fee is separate from and in addition to the annual investment
management fee. However, ongoing financial planning services are included in ongoing annual
investment management fees.
Financial planning and consulting fees do not include the fees a client incurs for other professionals
(i.e. personal attorney, independent investment advisor, or accountant) in connection with the
financial planning or consultation.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT FEES
For its investment management clients, WH charges a fee based on a percentage of the market
value of the investments held in each client’s account. Assets in the account are included in the
fee assessment unless specifically identified in writing for exclusion. The annual management fee is
prorated and billed every three months, in advance, meaning that the fee is paid before each
quarterly billing period begins.
The management fee is computed on the last day of the prior billing period by determining the
market value of the account using the following guidelines: (a) for marketable securities: the
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current market price provided by custodian; (b) for securities for which there exists no active
market (such as real estate, gas and oil, or other illiquid securities), by using such information as
WH shall in good faith deem relevant to determine the value thereof, or in the absence of such
information, at cost; and (c) for cash or equivalents, at dollar value.
Unless otherwise negotiated between the Firm and the client, the annual fee is calculated
according to the following standard fee schedule:
Value of Account Assets
Annual Fee Rate
On the first $100,000
1.35 %
On the next $400,000
1.15 %
On the next $500,000
0.85 %
On the next $2,000,000
0.60 %
On amounts over $3,000,000
0.30 %
Clients customarily authorize WH to deduct its investment advisory fee directly from their custodial
account. Under limited circumstances, WH or the individual Investment Advisor Representative
agree to pay ticket charges on household accounts of $500,000 or more under management. This
authorization is granted under the terms of the client’s signed investment management
agreement and the client’s instructions to the custodian. It is the client’s responsibility to verify the
accuracy of the fee calculation, as the custodian will not determine whether the fee is properly
calculated.
At the discretion of the Firm, clients may instead pay their fee directly to the Firm. Under this
arrangement, payment is due within 30 days of client’s receipt of our billing invoice.
Services provided for the above fees are for investment advice and periodic reporting of asset
holdings, valuations, and performance reviews. The client’s investment management fee to the
Firm is determined in accordance with the above standard fee structure, with exceptions
negotiated on a case-by-case basis at our discretion. Any deviations from the fee structure are
based on a number of factors including the nature and length of the client relationship, the
services requested, account composition, the amount of work involved, the amount of assets
placed under management and the attention needed to manage the account.
If assets are deposited into or withdrawn from a client’s account after the inception of a billing
period and depending upon the timing or size of such withdrawal or deposit, the fee payable with
respect to such assets will not necessarily be adjusted or prorated based on the number of days
remaining in the billing period. Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar month will be
charged a prorated fee.
An advisor’s investment strategy generally does not encourage clients to use margin account
trading. Therefore, the decision as to whether to employ margin is left to the sole discretion of each
client. To the extent that a client authorizes the use of margin, and margin is thereafter employed,
the market value of the client’s account and corresponding management fee payable to Advisor
will increase as any margin balance will not be offset against the value of assets purchased on
margin when Advisor calculates its advisory fee.
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In certain cases, clients request that WH purchase, maintain, or consolidate pre-existing or other
securities positions in custodial accounts maintained with the Firm, that are not consistent with the
Firm’s investment strategy. In such cases, WH will not charge a management fee on such assets,
with the specific understanding that these are non-managed assets for which client is responsible
for determining the suitability of maintaining such a position. The Firm will not sell such securities
without specific written instructions from the client.
General Fee Disclosure
We believe our investment management fees are competitive with the fees charged by other
investment advisors for comparable services. However, comparable services are available from
other sources for lower fees than those charged by WH and in some cases, for fees that are higher
than those charged by WH.
We do not provide clients with advice as to the tax deductibility of our advisory fees. Clients are
directed to consult a tax professional to determine the potential tax deductibility of the payment
of advisory fees.
Custodian and Brokerage Fees
Custodians charge transaction fees on purchases or sales of certain mutual funds, exchange-
traded funds and individual securities. These transaction charges are usually small and incidental
to the purchase or sale of a security. The selection of the security is more important than the
nominal fee that the custodian charges to buy or sell the security. Clients will pay separate
execution (trading) and custodian fees in connection with the execution and custodial services
of broker-dealers and custodians. These separate execution and custodian fees may include, but
are not limited to, paper delivery fees for client statements and confirmations, clearance and
execution fees, outgoing account transfer fees, inactive account fees, wire fees, bond
redemption fees, account termination fees or other fees charged to the client directly by the
custodian.
Fund Disclosures
Investment vehicles such as mutual funds, closed-end funds, exchange traded funds and
alternative investment funds offer a wide range of objectives and strategies; the types of securities
held by such funds vary widely depending upon the specific objectives and strategies of the
vehicle. These investment vehicles incur brokerage and other expenses, and their sponsors
typically compensate themselves through fees charged directly to the fund. Clients indirectly pay
for the expenses and advisory fees charged by the funds in which their assets are invested in
addition to the advisory fee charged by WH. All investment company funds incur operating
expenses in connection with the management of the fund. Investment funds pass some or all of
these expenses through to their shareholders (the individual investors in the funds) in the form of
management fees. The management fees charged vary from fund to fund. In addition, funds
charge shareholders (individual investors in the funds) other types of fees such as early redemption
or transaction fees. These charges also vary widely among funds. As a result, clients will still pay
management fees and other, “indirect” fees and expenses as charged by each mutual fund (or
other fund) in which they are invested.
Clients are provided with a copy of a fund prospectus for each fund in which they invest by their
custodian or by the fund sponsor rather than by WH. As required by law, a prospectus represents
the fund’s complete disclosure of its management and fee structure. In addition, a fund’s
prospectus can be obtained directly from the fund.
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Bond Disclosure
Clients whose assets are invested in bonds purchased directly from an underwriter or on the
secondary market may pay a sales credit or sales concession on the trade (in lieu of a sales
commission). The client’s custodian may also impose a fee on the transaction which, if applicable,
the client will pay in addition to the advisory fee charged by WH.
COMMISSION AND SALES FEE DISCLOSURES
Some insurance and annuities investment products are available only on a commission or other
sales fee basis. In order to allow WH the widest possible selection of appropriate investment
products for its clients, certain of the Firm’s professional advisors are licensed to sell these insurance
products where such products are in the best interest of the client. Where WH or a WH advisor is
paid a sales commission or fee for placing its financial planning clients with one or more
investments, the recommendation of these investments might be deemed a conflict of interest.
Advisors only recommend investment in such assets if, based upon the client’s personal financial
condition, time horizon, risk tolerance and investment objective, such investment would be
suitable for that client. Nevertheless, as a result of their receipt of commission payments, the
Firm/advisor’s recommendation of these asset management programs might be deemed a
conflict of interest. Any fees due for insurance or annuity investment products would be in addition
to the advisory fee charged by WH. Please see Item 10 below for additional information.
BUSINESS CONSULTING SERVICES FEES
Fees for general business and insurance consulting are typically billed at $400 per hour. In certain
cases, a fixed fee will be agreed to and these typically range from $1,500 – $10,000. Insurance
consultations that include court testimony are typically billed at $800 for the first hour of the court
appearance or portion thereof and $400 per hour thereafter. Fees are negotiable.
PENSION AND PROFIT-SHARING PLAN AND PENSION CONSULTING SERVICES FEES
Fees for WH’s pension and profit-sharing plan services vary depending upon the service provided.
The client plan will pay a fee based on either the market value of the plan assets, an hourly fee or
a flat fee in accordance with the following schedule of fees:
• Asset-based fees are charged based on the market value of the plan assets and may
range from 0.05% - 1.00% of plan assets, depending on the scope of the project and
duration of services.
• A flat fee is charged ranging from $3,500 – $100,000 or more depending on the scope of
the project and duration of services.
• An hourly fee, typically billed at $400 per hour, is charged and the total fee will depend on
the scope of the project.
Fees are either billed directly to the plan sponsor or deducted from plan assets. Fees for investment
advisory services are billed in advance.
Fees are negotiable and vary according to the facts and circumstances, including the scope of
services to be provided, the duration of services and the size of the client (number of employees,
plan or individual assets, and other demographic factors). Depending upon the services provided,
a client is charged a flat base fee plus a percentage of total plan assets, based on the above
schedule, in which case the client is charged a total fee that is the sum of the base fee and the
appropriate percentage fee for that portion of the plan which falls within the value ranges as
specified.
WH receives fees directly from a client (plan sponsor or individual), for providing any or all of the
services described above. In these instances, fees are paid on a one-time only or ongoing basis,
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depending on the scope of the services and the desired length of time that those services will be
provided.
WH’s fees are in addition to any fees assessed by the mutual funds in which the client’s account
assets are invested. See “Fund Disclosures” above.
SELECTION OF OTHER ADVISERS / USE OF INDEPENDENT MANAGERS
Clients will pay WH its standard advisory fees in addition to any fees imposed by the Independent
Manager. The fees will not exceed any limit imposed by any regulatory agency. These fees are
negotiable.
Item 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES and SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
WH does not charge our clients performance-based fees based on a share of the capital gains of
client assets and we do not manage any accounts that are charged such fees on a side-by- side
basis.
Item 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS
Our clients include individuals and high net worth individuals, trusts and estates, pension and profit-
sharing plans, corporations and other business entities. We have established a minimum
relationship size for investment management services of $1 million. This minimum may be waived
in certain circumstances. As a result of the minimum requirement, WH’s services are not
appropriate for everyone. Particularly for smaller accounts, other investment advisors provide
somewhat similar services for lower compensation, although still others may charge more for similar
services.
Item 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISK OF LOSS METHODS OF ANALYSIS
Depending upon the type of investment, WH utilizes a combination of charting, fundamental,
technical and cyclical analysis. Fundamental analysis involves analyzing real data, including
overall economic and company-specific information available to determine the value of a
particular investment. Technical analysis involves analyzing statistics provided by market activity
such as past prices and volume to identify patterns that can be used to predict future activity.
Cyclical analysis refers to stocks that are sensitive to business cycles and tied strongly to the overall
economy (i.e. automobiles and housing). We may also utilize charting as part of our technical
analysis which involves plotting data points (i.e. price, settlement, volume). In performing these
analyses, the Firm consults third-party research materials, company annual reports and other
regulatory filings, and financial newspapers and periodicals.
The main sources of information include financial newspapers and magazines, inspections of
corporate activities, research materials prepared by others, corporate rating services, timing
services, annual reports, prospectuses, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and
company press releases. Other sources of information that WH uses include Morningstar Principia
mutual fund & ETF (Exchange Traded Funds), Retirement Plan Advisory Group®, Standard & Poor's
Stock analysis information, Morningstar Principia stock information, Value Line, Charles Schwab &
Company's "SchwabLink" service, Advisor Intelligence, and the World Wide Web.
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INVESTMENT STRATEGY
The primary investment strategy used for client accounts is strategic asset allocation utilizing a core
and satellite approach. This means that we use passively managed index and exchange- traded
funds as the core investments and then add actively managed funds where there are greater
opportunities to make a difference. Portfolios are globally diversified to control the risk associated
with traditional markets.
The investment strategy for a specific client is based upon the objectives stated by the client
during consultations. The client may change these objectives at any time and may impose
investment restrictions on their accounts. Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans may execute an
Investment Policy Statement that documents their objectives and their desired investment
strategy.
Third Party Money Manager Platforms
Occasionally, a Firm client will request or WH may recommend that the client invest a portion of
their investment asset through a third-party investment manager platform that exercises
discretionary investment management according to that third party manager’s investment
strategy. In these instances, the client pays investment management fees to both WH and to the
third-party money manager. WH has established advisory relationships with one such third party
manager platform:
Schwab Managed Account Services. Schwab Managed Account Services is a third-party
managed money program which consists of the Schwab Managed Account Select® Program, the
Schwab Managed Account Access® Program, and
the Schwab Managed Account
Marketplace® Program. These programs provide WH Advisor Representatives with access to
programs that specialize in separate account management, private account management, and
timing and multi-disciplined account services. Program sponsors provide full-time professional
investment management by quality investment managers. The client’s WH Advisor Representative
will assist the client to select the manager(s) most aligned with client’s investment style based on
the client’s individual personal and financial goals, investment objectives, and risk tolerance. A
complete description regarding this program and fees will be provided in the Schwab disclosure
brochure as well as the sub-advised ADV Part 2A or similar disclosure document, a copy of which
will be provided to clients with the WH advisor recommending the use of the Schwab Managed
Account Services.
INVESTMENT RISKS
All securities investments carry risk, including the risk that an investor loses a part or all of his or her
initial investment. Risk refers to the uncertainty that the actual return the investor realizes could
differ from the expected return. Risks may be systematic, referring to factors that affect the returns
on all comparable investments and that affect the market as a whole. Systematic risks include
market risk, inflation risk, interest rate risk, reinvestment rate risk, liquidity risk, purchasing power risk
and exchange rate risk. Unsystematic risks depend on factors that are unique to the specific
investment security. These risks include business risk and financial risk.
Here are some of the general risks associated with parts of our investment strategy:
•
Interest-rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to fluctuate.
For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less attractive,
causing their market values to decline.
• Market Risk: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund may drop in reaction to tangible
and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by external factors
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•
independent of a security’s particular underlying circumstances. For example, political,
economic, and social conditions may trigger market events.
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as much as
a dollar next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of inflation.
• Currency Risk: Overseas investments are subject to fluctuations in the value of the dollar
against the currency of the investment’s originating country. This is also referred to as
exchange rate risk.
• Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may have to be
reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e. interest rate). This primarily relates to
fixed income securities.
•
•
• Business Risk: These risks are associated with a particular industry or a particular company
within an industry. For example, oil-drilling companies depend on finding oil and then
refining it, a lengthy process, before they can generate a profit. They carry a higher risk of
profitability than an electric company, which generates its income from a steady stream
of customers who buy electricity no matter what the economic environment is like.
Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash. Generally,
assets are more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized product. For
example, Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties are not.
Financial Risk: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases the risk of
profitability, because the company must meet the terms of its obligations in good times
and bad. During periods of financial stress, the inability to meet loan obligations may result
in bankruptcy and/or a declining market value.
•
• Options Risk: Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an
investment in the underlying securities. Purchasing and writing put, and call options are
highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks.
Fixed Income Risk: When investing in bonds, there is the risk that the issuer will default on
the bond and be unable to make payments. Further, individuals who depend on set
amounts of periodically paid income face the risk that inflation will erode their spending
power. Fixed-income investors receive set, regular payments that face the same inflation
risk.
Longevity Risk: As we live longer, we are faced with the risk of outliving our funds.
•
• Political Risk: Stock and bond markets can be positively or negatively affected by world
•
political events.
ETF and Mutual Fund Risk: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, there are additional
expenses based on your pro-rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses,
including the potential duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or
mutual fund generally reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF or mutual
fund holds. Clients will also incur brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs. Leveraged and
inverse ETFs may not be suitable for all investors and have unique characteristics and risks.
Although there are limited occasions where a leveraged or inverse ETF may be useful for
some types of investors, it is extremely important to understand that, for holding periods
longer than a day, these funds may not give you the returns you may be expecting.
Item 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
WH has no disciplinary history and consequently, is not subject to any disciplinary disclosures.
Item 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
WH is an independent investment advisor, unaffiliated with any other financial institution or
securities dealer or issuer. We recommend that our clients custody their assets with Charles Schwab
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& Co., Inc., an SEC registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority (“FINRA”) and the Securities Investors Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). Although we
recommend that our clients custody their investment accounts at Schwab, we have no affiliation
with Schwab, do not supervise its brokerage activities and are not subject to its supervision.
WH is not and does not have a related company that is an (1) broker-dealer (2) investment
company or other pooled investment vehicle (including a mutual fund, closed-end investment
company, unit investment trust, private investment company or “hedge fund,” and offshore fund),
(3) futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading advisor, (4)
banking or thrift institution, or (5) sponsor or syndicator of limited partnerships.
Independent Insurance Agents: Certain of the Firm’s professional advisors are independently
licensed to sell fixed life insurance, fixed annuity and/or health insurance, including disability and
long-term care insurance products through various insurance companies. Clients are advised that
they may choose any independent insurance agent and/or insurance company to purchase
insurance products on their own and are not obligated to purchase insurance products through
WH or any of its licensed advisors. If a WH advisor recommends an insurance product to a client
and the insurance is implemented, the applicable insurance issuer pays a sales load, commission,
or fee to the Firm or to the WH advisor directly. The receipt of such compensation and other
potential incentive benefits creates an incentive to recommend insurance products to clients. At
the time of any recommendations a client’s WH advisor will discuss the products, the client’s needs
and disclose any compensation arrangements.
Certain insurance issuers provide WH and/or a WH advisor with economic benefits as a result of
an insurance product recommendation or sale. These benefits include but are not limited to,
financial assistance towards or the sponsorship of conferences and educational sessions,
marketing support, and tools to assist the Advisor in providing various services to clients. These
economic benefits are received directly by the WH advisor or indirectly through WH. These
economic benefits represent a conflict to the extent they influence your WH advisor to
recommend certain products/programs over others.
Although we occasionally refer our clients to other professionals such as attorneys or accountants
for estate planning, tax or other matters, neither the Firm nor its principals or employees are
affiliated with any law or accountancy firm.
Item 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL
TRADING
WH, its employees and their immediate families (sometimes collectively “employees”) are
permitted to buy and sell securities for their personal investment accounts. The Firm has adopted
employee personal trading policies and procedures and a code of ethics to govern proprietary
(on behalf of the Firm itself) and employee trading practices. Employees with access to the Firm’s
investment decision-making and trading activities are required to report all personal securities
transactions on a regular basis. All personnel are required to abide by the Firm’s personal trading
practices and code of ethics which governs employee trading practices and specifically prohibits
employee trading on the basis of inside information and trading ahead of customer orders (front
- running). WH’s employee personal trading policies and code of ethics are made available to
clients and prospective clients upon request.
Employees are allowed to trade in the same securities traded for clients. However, it is Firm policy
not to give preference to orders for personnel associated with the Firm regarding such trading.
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Employees are allowed to personally invest in the same securities that are purchased for client
trading accounts and own securities that are subsequently purchased for client accounts. From
time to time, trading by employees in particular securities is restricted in recognition of impending
investment decisions on behalf of clients. If a security is purchased or sold for client accounts and
employees on the same day, either employees will pay or receive the same price as the client
account, or the client account will receive the more favorable price. If purchased or sold on
different days, it is possible that employees’ personal transactions might be executed at more
favorable prices than were obtained for clients.
Employees buy or sell different investments, based on personal investment considerations, which
the Firm may not deem appropriate to buy or sell for clients. It is also possible that employees take
investment positions for their own accounts that are contrary to those taken on behalf of clients.
Employees also buy or sell a specific security for their personal account based on personal
investment considerations aside from company or industry fundamentals, which are not deemed
appropriate to buy or sell for clients. If these securities subsequently appreciate, these personal
transactions create a conflict of interest.
Conversely, employees liquidate security positions that are held both for their own account and
for the accounts of Firm clients, sometimes in advance of clients. This occurs when personal
considerations (i.e., liquidity needs, tax-planning, industry/sector weightings) deem a sale
necessary for individual financial planning reasons. If the security subsequently falls in price, these
personal transactions create a conflict of interest.
Item 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES
RECOMMENDATION OF SCHWAB AS CUSTODIAN AND EXECUTING BROKER
WH recommends that clients establish brokerage accounts with Schwab, a registered broker-
dealer, to maintain custody of clients' assets and to affect trades for their accounts. Schwab is
independently owned and operated and not affiliated with WH and does not supervise or
otherwise monitor WH’s investment management services to its clients. Schwab provides WH with
access to its institutional trading and custody services, which typically are not available to Schwab
retail investors. These services generally are available to independent investment advisors on an
unsolicited basis, at no charge to them so long as a set minimum of the advisor's clients' assets is
maintained in accounts at Schwab but are not otherwise contingent upon WH committing to
Schwab any specific amount of business (in the form of either assets in custody or trading).
Schwab's services include brokerage, custody, research and access to mutual funds and other
investments that are otherwise generally available only to institutional investors or would require a
significantly higher minimum initial investment.
Schwab also makes available to WH other products and services that benefit WH but do not
directly benefit its clients. Some of these other products and services assist WH in managing and
administering clients' accounts. These include software and other technology that provide access
to client account data (such as trade confirmations and account statements); facilitate trade
execution (and allocation of aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts); provide
research, pricing information and other market data; facilitate payment of WH’s fees from its
clients' accounts; and assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting. Many
of these services generally are used to service all or a substantial number of WH’s accounts,
including accounts not maintained at Schwab. Schwab also makes available to WH other services
intended to help WH manage and further develop its business. These services include consulting,
publications and conferences on practice management, information technology, business
succession, regulatory compliance, and marketing. In addition, Schwab makes available,
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arranges and/or pays for these types of services to WH by independent third parties. Schwab
discounts or waives fees it otherwise would charge for some of these services or pays all or a part
of the fees of a third-party providing these services to WH.
WH’s recommendation that clients maintain their assets in accounts at Schwab is based in part on
the benefit to WH of the availability of some of the foregoing products and services and not solely
on the nature, cost or quality of custody and brokerage services provided by Schwab, which
creates a conflict of interest.
BEST EXECUTION
WH is not obligated to obtain the best net price or lowest brokerage commission on any particular
transaction. Rather federal law requires investment managers to use their reasonable best efforts
to obtain the most favorable execution for each transaction executed on behalf of client
accounts. In selecting broker-dealers, WH’s primary objective is to obtain the best execution.
Expected price, giving effect to brokerage commissions, if any, and other transaction costs, are
principal factors, but the selection also takes account of other factors, including the execution,
clearance and settlement capabilities of the broker-dealer, the broker-dealer’s willingness to
commit capital, the broker-dealer’s reliability and financial stability, the size of the particular
transaction and its complexity in terms of execution and settlement, the market for the security,
the value of any research and other brokerage services provided by the broker-dealer, and the
cost incurred by placing prime brokerage trades in client accounts.
Based upon an evaluation of some or all of these factors, WH is authorized to execute client trades
through broker-dealers that charge fees that are higher than the lowest available fees. WH is
authorized to select broker-dealers whose fees are greater than those charged for similar
investments when WH determines that brokerage services and research materials provided by
that broker-dealer warrant the payment of higher fees.
WH reviews transaction results periodically to determine the quality of execution provided by the
various broker-dealers through whom WH executes transactions on behalf of clients.
SOFT DOLLAR ARRANGEMENTS
WH is not a party to formal agreements whereby, in exchange for directing commissionable trades
to a broker-dealer, it receives research or brokerage services, known as “soft dollar” services and
research. “Soft dollars” refers to the use of brokerage commissions on client trades to pay for the
soft dollar research or brokerage services received. Soft dollar research and services include
among others, economic and market information, portfolio strategy advice, proxy voting services,
industry and company comments, technical data, recommendations, research conferences,
general reports, periodical subscription fees, consultations, performance measurement data, on-
line pricing, news wire charges, quotation services, computer hardware and software.
Although WH does not formally participate in soft dollar arrangements, it receives certain services
and research from Schwab by virtue of having its clients custody their assets with Schwab. In such
cases, it is the Firm’s policy is to limit its use of soft dollar arrangements to those falling within the
safe harbor of Section 28(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Only bona
fide research and brokerage products and services that provide assistance to WH in exercising its
investment decision-making responsibilities are permitted.
WH may, on occasion, be the recipient of unsolicited discounts on software and other services.
The discounts are generally offered to all firms who fit a common profile and WH is not offered
such discounts because of a particular event or request. Such discounts are accepted with the
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intent to benefit all clients and the value of these discounts is not considered in the process of
selecting securities to purchase for client accounts. WH routinely reviews the amount and nature
of the research products and services provided by brokers.
AGGREGATION OF TRADES AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS
WH aggregates client orders into a single trade if aggregation appears to be in the best interests
of all the clients involved. Trade aggregation results in a more favorable transaction price than
would result with separate execution of each client order. The Firm does not aggregate securities
transactions for client accounts unless it believes that aggregation is consistent with its duty to seek
best execution and is consistent with the investment objectives and guidelines for the client
accounts participating in the trade.
WH believes that combining trade orders should be advantageous to all clients over the long term.
However, it is possible that the average price obtained through aggregation could be less
advantageous for a client than if the client had executed the transaction separately and/or had
executed the transaction before the other parties to the aggregated trade. The Firm tries to be
conscious of this possibility before deciding to aggregate.
When orders are aggregated, the price paid by each account is the average price of the order.
Transaction costs are allocated to each client by the client’s custodian according to the client’s
custodial agreement. It is our policy that trades are not allocated in any manner that favors one
group of clients over another over time. Client transactions are aggregated according to
custodial relationship in consideration of “trade away” charges that are imposed if trades are
directed to a non-custodial broker-dealer for execution. Aggregated trades placed with different
executing brokers are sometimes priced differently.
Generally, WH and/or its associated persons are allowed to participate in such aggregated orders.
There are circumstances in which transactions on behalf of WH or its associated persons may not,
under certain laws and regulations, be combined with those of some of WH’s clients and in those
cases, employees will not affect transactions in that security on the same day as clients until after
the clients’ transactions have been executed.
ALLOCATION OF OPPORTUNITIES AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS
Because we manage more than one client account, there is a conflict of interest related to the
allocation of investment opportunities among all accounts managed by the Firm. We attempt to
resolve all such conflicts in a manner that is generally fair to all our clients over time. We
occasionally give advice and take action with respect to any of one of our clients that differs from
the advice given or the timing or nature of action taken with respect to other clients based upon
individual client circumstances. It is our policy, to the greatest extent practicable, to allocate
investment opportunities over a period of time on a fair and equitable basis relative to all clients
the Firm is not obligated to acquire for any client account any security that the Firm or its owners,
officers, employees or affiliated persons acquire for their own accounts or for the account of any
other client, if in the discretion of the portfolio managers, based upon the client’s financial
condition and investment objectives and guidelines, it is not practical or desirable to acquire a
position in such security for that account.
USE OF THIRD-PARTY TRADE DATA MANAGEMENT SERVICES
The Firm is aided in its ongoing client account monitoring and management services by the use of
third-party portfolio and trade data management software and services provided by Schwab,
Black Diamond and RedBlack, among others. Such third-party services provide linked access to
client custodial accounts and trade activity and provide “cloud” storage of such data on their
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secure, internal computer servers on behalf of the Firm. We only share non-public client information
with non-affiliated third parties when we believe it necessary for our provision of services to you or
to maintain your account.
Item 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
The initial client meeting and financial review, which may be by telephone, is complimentary and
is considered an exploratory interview to determine the extent to which financial planning and
investment management would be beneficial to the client. Upon engagement, the Firm may
provide a written evaluation of each client's financial condition is provided to the client, often in
the form of a net worth statement.
All investment accounts under management are monitored on a continuous basis by the Firm’s
principals or Financial Advisors. Account holdings and asset allocations are reviewed at least
annually. Reviews determine consistency with the Firm’s investment strategy and with client
investment objectives. Reviews cover asset class allocations, cash allocations and other account
factors. Portfolio adjustments may be required due to client investment guideline changes, client
deposits and withdrawals and client liquidity needs. Additionally, client accounts are reviewed in
response to changes in the financial markets and/or changes in the Firm’s investment strategy.
Among others, the conditions that trigger a review are changes in the tax laws, new investment
information, and changes in a client's own situation.
The Firm reports to its investment management clients quarterly regarding the securities held in
their account, current valuations, current asset allocations and account performance. Clients are
frequently provided net worth statements and net worth graphs that are generated from our client
relationship management system. Net worth statements contain approximations of bank account
balances provided by the client, as well as the value of land and hard-to-price real estate. The
net worth statements are used for long-term financial planning where the exact values of assets
are not material to the financial planning tasks.
Brokerage account statements list all positions and detail investment transactions and are sent
directly from the custodian of the client’s account on at least a quarterly basis. Clients are advised
to review these statements routinely and to compare them to the client account reports prepared
by the Firm.
Item 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
WH does not pay referral fees to any third-party firms or individuals for recommending the Firm to
prospective clients, nor is the Firm or its employees paid referral fees by any third party for referring
clients to their businesses. We do not direct brokerage transactions to any broker-dealer in
exchange for receiving client referrals.
WH employees are not paid “sales awards” or other prizes for referring clients to the Firm.
We receive an economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services it
makes available to us and other independent investment advisors that have their clients maintain
accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit us, and the related conflicts
of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability to us of
Schwab’s products and services is not based on us giving particular investment advice, such as
buying particular securities for our clients.
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Item 15 - CUSTODY
WH does not accept or maintain custody of client funds or securities. Clients are required to set up
their investment accounts with a “qualified custodian,” namely a broker dealer, bank or trust
company. WH is unable to take even temporary possession of client assets for the purpose of
transferring them to the client’s account. Each client has a direct relationship with their custodian
and is responsible for making deposits to and withdrawals from their account as necessary. The
Firm is given the authority to receive payment of its management fees directly from the account,
but it is not authorized to make any other withdrawals or to transfer money out of the account to
a third party without specific client approval.
Although WH does not maintain custody of client investment accounts, it is deemed to have
limited custody of client assets on the basis of the Firm’s authority to: 1. direct client-approved
transfers of assets between a client’s own accounts and if authorized, to client-designated third
parties; and 2. to receive payment of its management fees directly from a client’s account. Where
a client grants us a standing letter of authorization ("SLOA") to direct custodians to disburse funds
to one or more third party accounts, we are deemed to have limited custody. However, we are
not required to comply with the surprise examination requirement of the Custody Rule if we are
otherwise in compliance with the seven representations outlined in the February 21, 2017 SEC no
action letter. Where WH acts pursuant to a SLOA, we believe we are making a good faith effort
to comply with the representations noted in the SEC's no-action letter. Additionally, since many of
those representations involve the qualified custodian's operations, we will collaborate closely with
our custodians to ensure that the representations would be able to be met.
Disclosures Related to Custodians
Schwab acts as custodian and executing broker-dealer for WHWH clients. Schwab
is
independently owned and operated and not affiliated with WH and does not supervise or
otherwise monitor our investment management services to our clients. Schwab does not charge
separately for maintaining the custody of client investment accounts. However, Schwab is
compensated by account holders who pay commissions and other transaction-related costs for
securities trades and settlements that are executed by Schwab on behalf of the client. In most
cases, trade executions for client accounts custodied at Schwab will be entered through Schwab
to avoid “trade away” charges otherwise imposed for trades executed at other broker-dealers. In
cases where a desired security is not available for purchase or sale through Schwab, and in light
of the Firm’s best execution evaluations, we are authorized to make the purchase or sale at a
different broker-dealer. The Firm generally tries to avoid “trade away” transactions as they typically
incur additional fees imposed by Schwab, acting as custodian.
Schwab sends account statements directly to the client (or to an independent third-party
representative designated by the client), no less than monthly, showing all funds and securities
held, their current value and all transactions executed in the client’s account, including the
payment to WH of its investment management fees. Clients are advised to review these
statements routinely and to compare them to the client account reports prepared by the Firm.
The account values reflected on our reports may vary slightly from the custodian statements as a
result of accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies of certain securities.
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Item 16 - INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Clients appoint WH as their investment advisor and grant full trading and investment authority over
their assets at the time they establish their investment accounts. Subject to the Firm’s investment
strategy and the client’s investment objectives, our portfolio managers are given full discretion to
determine:
The timing of any buys or sells;
The amount of securities to buy or sell; and
The broker-dealer to be used in the transaction
•
Types of investments;
• Which securities to buy;
• Which securities to sell;
•
•
•
This discretion may be limited by client investment guidelines and by any investment restrictions
set by the client. Where possible, the Firm will attempt to negotiate the commission rates at which
transactions for client accounts are affected, with the objective of attaining the most favorable
price and market execution for each transaction.
On occasion the Firm accepts client investment portfolios on a non-discretionary basis. In these
instances, our portfolio manager will make recommendations to the client regarding types of
investments to buy and sell, the timing and amount of such transactions and where applicable,
the executing broker dealer to affect the transactions. The decision to implement or reject the
portfolio manager’s recommendations remains with the client and transactions will be entered
only after specific client authorization.
Item 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
It is WH’s policy not to vote proxy solicitations or other corporate actions received on behalf of
clients from the issuers of securities held in client’s account. All such solicitations are forwarded to
the client for voting. Any client wishing to review our proxy voting policies in full may request a
copy from the Firm at his or her convenience.
Item 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
WH does not require or solicit prepayment of its management fees from clients six or more months
in advance. There are no adverse conditions related to the Firm’s finances that are likely to impair
its ability to meet its contractual commitments to its clients. The Firm has not been the subject of a
bankruptcy filing in the last ten years.
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