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Item 1
Cover Page
Westview Investment Advisors
Brochure
Dated: July 17, 2025
Contact: Louise Gibbs, Chief Compliance Officer
118 Pine Street
Burlington, Vermont 05401
www.westviewinvest.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Westview
Investment Advisors (the “Registrant”). If you have any questions about the contents of this
brochure, please contact us at (802) 489-5342 or louise@westviewinvest.com. The information in
this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Westview Investment Advisors also is available on the SEC’s website
at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Item 2
Material Changes
Since Westview Investment Advisors’ most recent Annual Amendment filing on March 4, 2025, this
Disclosure Brochure has been amended as follows:
• At Item 4 to update the firm’s ownership details
Item 3
Table of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page .................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 Material Changes .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4 Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................ 3
Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................ 7
Item 5
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ............................................................ 9
Item 6
Item 7
Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................ 9
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ..................................................... 9
Item 9 Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................................ 13
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................. 14
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.............. 14
Item 12 Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 15
Item 13 Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................... 17
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................. 17
Item 15 Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 18
Item 16
Item 17 Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 19
Item 18 Financial Information ................................................................................................................. 19
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Item 4
Advisory Business
A. Westview Investment Advisors (the “Registrant”) is a limited liability company
originally formed in 2019 in the state of Vermont. The Registrant became registered as an
Investment Adviser Firm in October 2019. The Registrant is principally owned by
Benjamin Nostrand, Louise Gibbs, and Eric Hallman.
B.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
The Registrant provides discretionary and/or non-discretionary investment advisory
services on a fee-only basis. The Registrant’s negotiable annual investment advisory fee
is based upon a percentage (%) of the market value of the assets placed under the
Registrant’s management.
The Registrant’s investment management services are customized based on the individual
client’s needs. Prior to making any investment recommendations to new clients, an
Advisor meets with the prospective client to assess their needs, goals and objectives. The
Advisor’s focus during this process is on assisting the prospective client with determining
their short-term and long-range investment goals and objectives.
Upon completing the analysis and the engagement of the Registrant to provide
investment management services, the Registrant will work to determine an asset
allocation strategy customized to the client’s financial goals, objectives and risk
tolerance. Once an asset allocation strategy is agreed upon, the Registrant will customize
the client’s portfolio allocation taking into consideration any limitations or restrictions,
the market and economy at the time and the client’s financial situation, goals and
objectives.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES (STAND-ALONE)
The Registrant may provide financial planning and consulting services either in
combination with its investment advisory services or on a stand-alone basis. Registrant’s
planning and consulting fees are negotiable but are generally assessed on an hourly rate
basis of $300 per hour or on a fixed fee basis for $3,000, depending upon the level and
scope of the service(s) required and the professional(s) rendering the service(s). For
clients who elect to combine investment advisory services with financial planning and
consulting, and who have $1,000,000 or more under Registrant’s management, Registrant
will provide its financial planning and consulting services inclusive of its investment
advisory fee.
Prior to engaging the Registrant to provide planning or consulting services, clients are
generally required to enter into a services agreement with Registrant setting forth the
terms and conditions of the engagement (including termination), describing the scope of
the services to be provided, and the portion of the fee (if any) that is due from the client
prior to Registrant commencing services.
If requested by the client, Registrant may recommend the services of other professionals
for implementation purposes. The client is under no obligation to engage the services of
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any such recommended professional. The client retains absolute discretion over all such
implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from the
Registrant.
If the client engages any such recommended professional, and a dispute arises thereafter
relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from and
against the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged professional[s] (i.e. attorney,
accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be responsible for the
quality and competency of the services provided.
It remains the client’s responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any
change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing,
evaluating or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
RETIREMENT PLAN CONSULTING SERVICES
The Registrant provides retirement plan consulting services to sponsors of self-directed
retirement plans and defined benefit plans organized under the Employee Retirement
Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). The Registrant performs these services in an ERISA
Section 3(21) capacity, by assisting with the development of investment policy
statements, and then the selection and monitoring of investment alternatives from which
plan participants may choose in self-directing the investments for their individual plan
retirement accounts. Upon request by the plan sponsor, Registrant may also provide
participant education designed to assist participants in identifying the appropriate
investment strategy for their retirement plan accounts. Registrant may also be engaged by
the plan to provide tailored, non-discretionary asset allocation services to plan
participants. The terms and conditions of the engagement between the Registrant and the
plan sponsor will be set forth in a Retirement Plan Services Agreement.
MISCELLANEOUS
Non-Investment Consulting/Implementation Services. To the extent requested by the
client, the Registrant may provide consulting services regarding non-investment related
matters, such as estate planning, tax planning, insurance, etc. Neither the Registrant, nor
any of its representatives, serves as an attorney, accountant, or licensed insurance agent,
and no portion of the Registrant’s services should be construed as same. To the extent
requested by a client, the Registrant may recommend the services of other professionals
for certain non-investment implementation purposes (e.g., attorneys, accountants,
insurance, etc.). The client is under no obligation to engage the services of any such
recommended professional. The client retains absolute discretion over all such
implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from the
Registrant.
If the client engages any such recommended professional, and a dispute arises thereafter
relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from and
against the engaged professional.
It remains the client’s responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any
change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing,
evaluating or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
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Non-Discretionary Service Limitations. Clients that determine to engage the Registrant
on a non-discretionary investment advisory basis must be willing to accept that the
Registrant cannot effect any account transactions without obtaining prior consent to any
such transaction(s) from the client. Thus, in the event of a market correction during which
the client is unavailable, the Registrant will be unable to effect any account transactions
(as it would for its discretionary clients) without first obtaining the client’s consent.
Retirement Rollovers. A client or prospective client leaving an employer typically has
four options regarding an existing retirement plan (and may engage in a combination of
these options): (i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll
over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted,
(iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account
value (which could, depending upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax consequences).
If the Registrant recommends that a client roll over their retirement plan assets into an
account to be managed by the Registrant, such a recommendation creates a conflict of
interest if the Registrant will earn a new (or increase its current) advisory fee as a result
of the rollover. No client is under any obligation to roll over retirement plan assets to an
account managed by Registrant. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Louise
Gibbs, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client
may have regarding the potential for conflict of interest presented by such rollover
recommendation.
ERISA/IRC Fiduciary Acknowledgment. When Registrant provides investment advice
to a client regarding the client’s retirement plan account or individual retirement account,
it does so as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act (“ERISA”) and/or the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), as applicable, which
are laws governing retirement accounts. The way Registrant makes money creates some
conflicts with client interests, so Registrant operates under a special rule that requires it to
act in the client’s best interest and not put its interests ahead of the client’s.
Under this special rule's provisions, Registrant must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations
(give prudent advice);
• Never put
its financial
interests ahead of
the client’s when making
recommendations (give loyal advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that Registrant gives advice
that is in the client’s best interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for Registrant’s services; and
• Give the client basic information about conflicts of interest.
eMoney Platform. Registrant may provide its clients with access to an online platform
hosted by “eMoney Advisor” (“eMoney”). The eMoney platform allows a client to view
their complete asset allocation, including those assets that Registrant does not manage
(the “Excluded Assets”). Registrant does not provide
investment management,
monitoring, or implementation services for the Excluded Assets. Unless otherwise
specifically agreed to, in writing, Registrant’s service relative to the Excluded Assets is
limited to reporting only. Therefore, Registrant shall not be responsible for the
investment performance of the Excluded Assets. Rather, the client and/or their advisor(s)
that maintain management authority for the Excluded Assets, and not Registrant, shall be
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exclusively responsible for such investment performance. Without limiting the above, the
Registrant shall not be responsible for any implementation error (timing, trading, etc.)
relative to the Excluded Assets. The client may choose to engage Registrant to manage
some or all of the Excluded Assets pursuant to the terms and conditions of an Investment
Advisory Agreement between Registrant and the client. The eMoney platform also
provides access to other types of information and applications including financial
planning concepts and functionality, which should not, in any manner whatsoever, be
construed as services, advice, or recommendations provided by Registrant. Finally,
Registrant shall not be held responsible for any adverse results a client may experience if
the client engages in financial planning or other functions available on the eMoney
platform without Registrant’s assistance or oversight.
Use of Mutual Funds: Most mutual funds are available directly to the public. Thus, a
prospective client can obtain many of the mutual funds that may be recommended and/or
utilized by Registrant independent of engaging Registrant as an investment advisor.
However, if a prospective client determines to do so, he/she will not receive Registrant’s
initial and ongoing investment advisory services.
Periods of Portfolio Inactivity. Registrant has a fiduciary duty to provide services
consistent with the client’s best interest. As part of its investment advisory services,
Registrant will review client portfolios on an ongoing basis to determine if any changes
are necessary based upon various factors, including, but not limited to, investment
performance, market movements, and/or a change in the client’s investment objective.
Based upon these factors, there may be extended periods of time when Registrant
determines that changes to a client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor prudent. Clients
nonetheless remain subject to the fees described in Item 5 below during periods of
account inactivity. Of course, as indicated below, there can be no assurance that
investment decisions made by Registrant will be profitable or equal any specific
performance level(s).
Cash Positions. Registrant considers cash and cash equivalents to be a material
component of a client’s investment allocation. Depending upon perceived or anticipated
market conditions/events (there being no guarantee that such anticipated market
conditions/events will occur), the Registrant may maintain cash and cash equivalent
positions (such as money market funds, etc.) for defensive, liquidity, or other purposes.
Unless otherwise agreed in writing, all such cash positions are included as part of assets
under management for purposes of calculating the Registrant’s advisory fee. Clients are
advised that, at any given point in time, the client’s asset-based fee may exceed the yield
obtained on a client’s cash and cash equivalent positions.
Client Obligations. In performing its services, Registrant shall not be required to verify
any information received from the client or from the client’s other professionals and is
expressly authorized to rely thereon. Moreover, each client is advised that it remains their
responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any change in their
financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing, evaluating or
revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
Disclosure Documents. A copy of the Registrant’s Privacy Notice, a Disclosure
Brochure (Form ADV Part 2A), and a Brochure Supplement (Form ADV Part 2B) shall
be provided to each client prior to, or contemporaneously with, the execution of an
agreement for investment advisory services. Retail investors (i.e., natural persons and
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legal representatives of natural persons seeking financial services for personal, family, or
household purposes) will also receive Form CRS (Client Relationship Summary), a short-
form summary of our firm’s services, fees, and other related details. The Registrant’s
Chief Compliance Officer, Louise Gibbs, remains available to address any questions
that a client or prospective client may have regarding the contents of the Disclosure
Documents.
to providing
investment advisory services, an
C. The Registrant shall provide investment advisory services specific to the needs of each
investment adviser
client. Prior
representative will ascertain each client’s investment objective(s). Thereafter, the
Registrant shall allocate and/or recommend that the client allocate investment assets
consistent with the designated investment objective(s). The client may, at any time,
impose reasonable restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s services.
D. The Registrant does not participate in a wrap fee program.
E. As of December 31, 2024, the Registrant had $194,912,005 in assets under management
on a discretionary basis and $1,858,343 in assets under management on a non-
discretionary basis.
Item 5
Fees and Compensation
A.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
The Registrant provides discretionary and/or non-discretionary investment advisory
services on a fee-only basis, the Registrant’s negotiable annual investment advisory fee
shall be based upon a percentage (%) of the market value and type of assets placed under
the Registrant’s management (between negotiable and 1.00%) as follows:
Market Value of Portfolio
On the First $2,000,000
From $2,000,001- $5,000,000
From $5,000,001 and above
% of Assets
1.00%
0.75%
Negotiable
To illustrate the above, a client placing $2,500,000 under Registrant’s management
would incur an annual fee of 1.00% on the first $2,000,000 and 0.75% on the remaining
$500,000.
Registrant, in its sole discretion, may charge a lesser investment advisory fee and/or enter
into another alternative fee arrangement upon certain criteria (e.g., anticipated future
earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be
managed, related accounts, account composition, prior fee schedules, competition,
negotiations with client, etc.). As a result of the above, similarly situated clients could
pay different fees. In addition, similar advisory services may be available from other
investment advisers for similar or lower fees.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES
Clients can receive financial planning and consulting services on either a standalone basis
or in combination with investment advisory services. Clients with $1,000,000 or more in
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assets under Registrant’s management are eligible to receive financial planning and
consulting services for no additional fee. Registrant may waive or reduce this $1,000,000
threshold at its sole discretion.
investment advisory clients with
less
than $1,000,000 under Registrant’s
For
management, or for clients who desire standalone financial planning and consulting
services, Registrant will generally charge a financial planning and consulting fee.
Registrant’s planning and consulting fees are negotiable but are generally assessed on an
hourly rate basis of $300 per hour or on a fixed fee basis for $3,000, depending upon the
level and scope of the service(s) required and the professional(s) rendering the service(s).
RETIREMENT PLAN CONSULTING SERVICES
The Registrant shall generally receive a retirement plan consulting fee based upon a
percentage (%) of the market value of the relevant plan’s assets. However, fees shall vary
depending upon various objective and subjective factors, including but not limited to: the
amount of plan assets; plan composition; the scope and complexity of the engagement;
the anticipated number of meetings and servicing needs; the professional(s) rendering the
service(s); and negotiations with the client. Registrant and the plan client may also
negotiate a fixed fee for retirement plan consulting services. As a result, similarly situated
plan clients could pay different fees, and the services to be provided by the Registrant to
any particular plan client could be available from other advisers at lower fees.
B. Clients may elect to have the Registrant’s advisory fees deducted from their custodial
account. Both Registrant's Investment Advisory Agreement and the custodial/clearing
agreement may authorize the custodian to debit the account for the amount of the
Registrant's investment advisory fee and to directly remit that management fee to the
Registrant in compliance with regulatory procedures. The Registrant will send the client
an invoice simultaneous to sending a fee deduction request to the custodian. In the
limited event that the Registrant bills the client directly, payment is due upon receipt of
the Registrant’s invoice. The Registrant shall deduct fees and/or bill clients quarterly in
arrears, based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the previous
quarter.
C. As discussed below, unless the client directs otherwise or an individual client’s
circumstances require, the Registrant shall generally recommend that Charles Schwab
and Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) or Fidelity Investments (“Fidelity”) serve as the broker-
dealer/custodian for client investment management assets. Broker-dealers such as Schwab
and Fidelity charge brokerage commissions and/or transaction fees for effecting certain
securities transactions (e.g., transaction fees are charged for certain no-load mutual funds,
commissions are charged for individual equity and fixed income securities transactions).
In addition to Registrant’s investment management fee, brokerage commissions and/or
transaction fees, clients will also incur, relative to all mutual fund and exchange traded
fund purchases, charges imposed at the fund level (e.g., management fees and other fund
expenses).
D. The Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be prorated and paid quarterly, in
arrears, based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the billing
quarter. Fee adjustments are made for deposits and withdrawals constituting twenty
percent (20%) of the account’s value or more during the course of a billing period,
prorated based upon the days in the billing period from the time of the transaction.
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Registrant may, at its discretion, elect to waive fee adjustments for account withdrawals,
in which case the client’s fee would be based upon the reduced account value at the end
of the billing period. The Registrant generally requires a minimum asset level of
$500,000 for investment advisory services. The Registrant, in its sole discretion, may
waive or reduce its minimum asset level requirement based upon certain criteria (e.g.,
anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of
assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, negotiations with client,
etc.).
The Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and the client will continue
in effect until terminated by either party by written notice in accordance with the terms of
the Investment Advisory Agreement. Upon termination, a pro-rated portion of the earned
but unpaid advisory fee shall be due and debited through the account custodian.
E. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives accept compensation from the sale of
securities or other investment products.
Item 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Neither the Registrant nor any supervised person of the Registrant accepts performance-
based fees.
Item 7
Types of Clients
The Registrant’s clients shall generally include individuals, business entities, pension and
profit sharing plans and trusts. The Registrant generally requires a minimum asset level
of $500,000 for investment management services. In addition, Registrant generally
requires investment management clients to maintain a minimum asset level of $1,000,000
in order to receive financial planning for no additional fee. Please see Items 4 and 5
above for further discussion. The Registrant, in its sole discretion, may waive or reduce
these minimum asset level requirements based upon certain criteria (i.e. anticipated future
earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be
managed, related accounts, account composition, negotiations with client, etc.).
Item 8
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A. The Registrant may utilize the following methods of security analysis:
• Fundamental - (analysis performed on historical and present data, with the goal
of making financial forecasts)
• Quantitative - (analysis performed using mathematical models to assess the value
or shifts in a share price or earnings)
• Technical – (analysis performed on historical and present data, focusing on price
and trade volume, to forecast the direction of prices)
• Cyclical – (analysis performed on historical relationships between price and
market trends, to forecast the direction of prices)
The Registrant may utilize the following investment strategies when implementing
investment advice given to clients:
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• Long Term Purchases (securities held at least a year)
• Short Term Purchases (securities sold within a year)
• Trading (securities sold within thirty (30) days)
Investment Risk. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it
should not be assumed that future performance of any specific investment or investment
strategy (including the investments and/or investment strategies recommended or
undertaken by the Registrant) will be profitable or equal any specific performance
level(s).
B. The Registrant’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any
significant or unusual risks.
However, every method of analysis has its own inherent risks. To perform an accurate
market analysis the Registrant must have access to current/new market information. The
Registrant has no control over the dissemination rate of market information; therefore,
unbeknownst to the Registrant, certain analyses may be compiled with outdated market
information, severely limiting the value of the Registrant’s analysis. Furthermore, an
accurate market analysis can only produce a forecast of the direction of market values.
There can be no assurances that a forecasted change in market value will materialize into
actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities.
The Registrant’s primary investment strategies - Long Term Purchases, Short Term
Purchases, and Trading - are fundamental investment strategies. However, every
investment strategy has its own inherent risks and limitations. For example, longer term
investment strategies require a longer investment time period to allow for the strategy to
potentially develop. Shorter term investment strategies require a shorter investment time
period to potentially develop but, as a result of more frequent trading, may incur higher
transactional costs when compared to a longer term investment strategy. Trading, an
investment strategy that requires the purchase and sale of securities within a thirty (30)
day investment time period, involves a very short investment time period but will incur
higher transaction costs when compared to a short term investment strategy and
substantially higher transaction costs than a longer term investment strategy.
C. Currently, the Registrant primarily allocates (or recommends that the client allocate)
client investment assets among various individual equity and fixed income securities,
mutual funds, and Exchange Traded Funds (ETF’s) on a discretionary and non-
discretionary basis in accordance with the client’s designated investment objective(s).
Risks associated with these asset types include:
•
Interest-rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to
fluctuate. For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become
less attractive, causing their market values to decline.
• Market Risk: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund may drop in reaction
to tangible and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk may be caused
by external factors independent of the fund’s specific investments as well as due
to the fund’s specific investments. Additionally, each security’s price will
fluctuate based on market movement and emotion, which may, or may not be due
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to the security’s operations or changes in its true value. For example, political,
economic and social conditions may trigger market events which are temporarily
negative, or temporarily positive.
•
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy
as much as a dollar next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of
inflation.
• Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may
have to be reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e. interest rate). This
primarily relates to fixed income securities.
• Financial Risk: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases
the risk of profitability, because the company must meet the terms of its
obligations in good times and bad. During periods of financial stress, the inability
to meet loan obligations may result in bankruptcy and/or a declining market
value.
• Market Risk (Systematic Risk): Even a long-term investment approach cannot
guarantee a profit. Economic, political, and issuer-specific events will cause the
value of securities to rise or fall. Because the value of your portfolio will
fluctuate, there is a risk that you will lose money.
• Unsystematic Risk: Unsystematic risk is the company-specific or industry-
specific risk in a portfolio. The combination of systematic (market risk) and
unsystematic risk is defined as the portfolio risk that the investor bears. While
the investor can do little to reduce systematic risk, he or she can affect
unsystematic risk. Unsystematic risk may be significantly reduced through
diversification. However, even a portfolio of well-diversified assets cannot
escape all risk.
• Credit Risk: Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a security may be unable to
make interest payments and/or repay principal when due. A downgrade to an
issuer’s credit rating or a perceived change in an issuer’s financial strength may
affect a security’s value, and thus, impact performance. Credit risk is greater for
fixed income securities with ratings below investment grade (BB or below by
Standard & Poor’s Rating Group or Ba or below by Moody’s Investors Service,
Inc.). Fixed income securities that are below investment grade involve higher
credit risk and are considered speculative.
•
Income Risk: Income risk is the risk that falling interest rates will cause the
investment’s income to decline.
• Call Risk: Call risk is the risk that during periods of falling interest rates, a bond
issuer will call or repay a higher-yielding bond before its maturity date, forcing
the investment to reinvest in bonds with lower interest rates than the original
obligations.
• Purchasing Power Risk: Purchasing power risk is the risk that your investment’s
value will decline as the price of goods rises (inflation). The investment’s value
11
itself does not decline, but its relative value does, which is the same thing.
Inflation can happen for a variety of complex reasons, including a growing
economy and a rising money supply. Rising inflation means that if you have
$1,000 and inflation rises 5 percent in a year, your $1,000 has lost 5 percent of its
value, as it cannot buy what it could buy a year previous.
• Political Risks: Most investments have a global component, even domestic
the world may have unforeseen
in
stocks. Political events anywhere
consequences to markets around the world.
• Regulatory Risk: Changes in laws and regulations from any government can
change the market value of companies subject to such regulations. Certain
industries are more susceptible to government regulation. Changes in zoning, tax
structure or laws impact the return on these investments.
• Risks Related to Investment Term: Securities do not follow a straight line up in
value. All securities will have periods of time when the current price of the
security is not what we believe it is truly worth. If you require us to liquidate
your portfolio during one of these periods, you will not realize as much value as
you would have had the investment had the opportunity to regain its value.
An investment in a mutual fund or ETF involves risk, including the loss of principal.
Mutual fund and ETF shareholders are necessarily subject to the risks stemming from the
individual issuers of the fund’s underlying portfolio securities. Such shareholders are also
liable for taxes on any fund-level capital gains, as ETFs and mutual funds are required by
law to distribute capital gains in the event they sell securities for a profit that cannot be
offset by a corresponding loss. As such, a mutual fund or ETF client or investor may
incur tax liabilities even when the fund underperforms.
Shares of mutual funds are distributed and redeemed on an ongoing basis by the fund
itself or a broker acting on its behalf. The trading price at which a share is transacted is
equal to a fund’s stated daily per share net asset value (“NAV”), plus any shareholders
fees (e.g., sales loads, purchase fees, redemption fees). The per-share NAV of a mutual
fund is calculated at the end of each business day, although the actual NAV fluctuates
with intraday changes in the market value of the fund’s holdings. The trading prices of a
mutual fund’s shares may differ significantly from the NAV during periods of market
volatility, which may, among other factors, lead to the mutual fund’s shares trading at a
premium or discount to NAV.
Mutual funds are funds that are operated by an investment company that raises money
from shareholders and invests it in stocks, bonds, and/or other types of securities. The
fund will have a manager that trades the fund's investments in accordance with the fund's
investment objective. The mutual funds charge a separate management fee for their
services. The returns on mutual funds can be reduced by the costs to manage the funds.
While mutual funds generally provide diversification, risks can be significantly increased
if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the market. Mutual funds come in
many varieties. Some invest aggressively for capital appreciation, while others are
conservative and are designed to generate income for shareholders.
Shares of ETFs are listed on securities exchanges and transacted at negotiated prices in
the secondary market. Generally, ETF shares trade at or near their most recent NAV,
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which is generally calculated at least once daily for indexed-based ETFs and more
frequently for actively managed ETFs. However, certain inefficiencies may cause the
shares to trade at a premium or discount to their pro-rata NAV. There is also no guarantee
that an active secondary market for such shares will develop or continue to exist. While
clients and investors may be able to sell their ETF shares on an exchange, ETFs generally
only redeem shares directly from shareholders when aggregated as creation units (usually
50,000 shares or more). Therefore, if a liquid secondary market ceases to exist for shares
of a particular ETF, a shareholder may have no way to dispose of such shares.
Registrant may also utilize and/or recommend that a client utilize exchange-traded notes
(“ETNs”). ETNs are a type of debt security that trade on exchanges and seek a return
linked to a market index or other benchmark. ETNs are unsecured debt securities issued
by an underwriting bank. They have a maturity date and are backed only by the credit of
the underwriting bank. ETNs are linked to the performance of a particular market
benchmark(s) or strategy and upon maturity, the underwriting bank promises to pay the
amount reflected in the benchmark index minus fees. ETNs are only linked to the
performance of a benchmark; they do not actually own the benchmark index. ETNs face
the risk that the credit rating of the underwriting bank may be reduced or the
underwriting bank may go bankrupt, thus reducing the value of the ETN. Even though
ETNs are not equities or index funds, they may also face some of the risks of investing in
equities or index funds. The return on an ETN generally depends on price changes if the
ETN is sold prior to maturity (as with stocks or ETFs) or on the payment, if any, of a
distribution if the ETN is held to maturity (as with some other structured products).
Registrant may use or recommend the use of closed-end funds. Closed-end funds
generally do not continually offer their shares for sale. Rather, they sell a fixed number of
shares at one time, after which the shares typically trade on a secondary market, such as
the New York Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ Stock Market. The specific risk factors
related to closed-end funds vary depending upon the structure of each fund. Shares of
closed-end funds frequently trade at a premium or discount relative to their net asset
value (“NAV”). If Registrant purchases shares of a closed-end fund at a discount to its
NAV, there can be no assurance that the discount will decrease, and it is possible that the
discount may increase and affect whether the client will realize a gain or loss on the
investment. Many closed-end funds invest using borrowed money to seek higher returns.
This triggers greater risk and could cause the share price to fluctuate accordingly,
especially because the closed-end fund will also have to pay interest or dividends on its
leverage, effectively reducing the return value. Many closed-end funds also choose to
distribute a fixed percentage of net assets regardless of the fund’s actual interest income
and capital gains. Consequently, distributions by a closed-end fund may include a return
of capital, which would reduce the fund’s net asset value and its earnings capacity.
Closed-end funds may invest in a greater amount of illiquid securities than open-end
mutual funds. Investments in illiquid securities pose risks related to uncertainty in
valuations, volatile market prices, and limitations on resale that may have an adverse
effect on the ability of the fund to dispose of the securities promptly or at reasonable
prices. Finally, closed-end funds carry liquidity risks, which exists when particular
investments are difficult to purchase and sell, possibly preventing Registrant from selling
out of such illiquid securities at an advantageous price.
Item 9
Disciplinary Information
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The Registrant does not have any reportable disciplinary information.
Item 10
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application
pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
B. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application
pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a
commodity trading advisor, or a representative of the foregoing.
C. The Registrant does not have any relationship or arrangement that is material to its
advisory business or to its clients with any related person.
D. The Registrant does not receive, directly or indirectly, compensation from investment
advisors that it recommends or selects for its clients.
Item 11
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
A. The Registrant maintains an investment policy relative to personal securities transactions.
This investment policy is part of Registrant’s overall Code of Ethics, which serves to
establish a standard of business conduct for all of Registrant’s Representatives that is
based upon fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust, a copy of
which is available upon request.
In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Registrant
also maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of
material non-public information by the Registrant or any person associated with the
Registrant.
B. Neither the Registrant nor any related person of Registrant recommends, buys, or sells for
client accounts, securities in which the Registrant or any related person of Registrant has
a material financial interest.
C. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities that are
also recommended to clients. This practice may create a situation where the Registrant
and/or representatives of the firm are in a position to materially benefit from the sale or
purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a potential conflict of
interest. Practices such as “scalping” (i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a
security recommends that security for investment and then immediately sells it at a profit
upon the rise in the market price which follows the recommendation) could take place if
the Registrant did not have adequate policies in place to detect such activities. In
addition, this requirement can help detect insider trading, “front-running” (i.e., personal
trades executed prior to those of the Registrant’s clients) and other potentially abusive
practices.
The Registrant has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the
personal securities transactions and securities holdings of each of the Registrant’s
“Access Persons”. The Registrant’s securities transaction policy requires that Access
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Person of the Registrant must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee
with a written report of their current securities holdings within ten (10) days after
becoming an Access Person. Additionally, each Access Person must provide the Chief
Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written report of the Access Person’s
current securities holdings at least once each twelve (12) month period thereafter on a
date the Registrant selects; provided, however that at any time that the Registrant has
only one Access Person, he or she shall not be required to submit any securities report
described above.
D. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities, at or
around the same time as those securities are recommended to clients. This practice
creates a situation where the Registrant and/or representatives of the firm are in a position
to materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this
situation creates a potential conflict of interest. As indicated above in Item 11 C, the
Registrant has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal
securities transaction and securities holdings of each of Registrant’s Access Persons.
Item 12
Brokerage Practices
A. In the event that the client requests that the Registrant recommend a broker-
dealer/custodian for execution and/or custodial services (exclusive of those clients that
may direct the Registrant to use a specific broker-dealer/custodian), Registrant generally
recommends that investment management accounts be maintained at Schwab or Fidelity.
Prior to engaging Registrant to provide investment management services, the client will
be required to enter into a formal Investment Advisory Agreement with Registrant setting
forth the terms and conditions under which Registrant shall manage the client's assets,
and a
separate custodial/clearing agreement with each designated broker-
dealer/custodian.
transaction where
in good
faith,
that
Factors that the Registrant considers in recommending Schwab or Fidelity (or any other
broker-dealer/custodian to clients) include historical relationship with the Registrant,
financial strength, reputation, execution capabilities, pricing, research, and service.
Although the commissions and/or transaction fees paid by Registrant's clients shall
comply with the Registrant's duty to obtain best execution, a client may pay a
commission that is higher than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect the
the
the Registrant determines,
same
commission/transaction fee is reasonable. In seeking best execution, the determinative
factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best
qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of broker-dealer services,
including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates, and
responsiveness. Accordingly, although Registrant will seek competitive rates, it may not
necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for client account transactions.
The brokerage commissions or transaction fees charged by the designated broker-
dealer/custodian are exclusive of, and in addition to, Registrant's investment management
fee. The Registrant’s best execution responsibility is qualified if securities that it
purchases for client accounts are mutual funds that trade at net asset value as determined
at the daily market close.
1. Research and Additional Benefits
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Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend that
a client utilize the services of a particular broker-dealer/custodian, Registrant can
receive from Schwab or Fidelity (or another broker-dealer/custodian, investment
platform, unaffiliated investment manager, mutual fund sponsor, or vendor) without
cost (and/or at a discount) support services and/or products, certain of which assist
the Registrant to better monitor and service client accounts maintained at such
institutions. Included within the support services that can be obtained by the
Registrant may be investment-related research, pricing information and market data,
software and other technology that provide access to client account data, compliance
and/or practice management-related publications, discounted or gratis consulting
services, discounted and/or gratis attendance at conferences, meetings, and other
educational and/or social events, marketing support, computer hardware and/or
software and/or other products used by Registrant in furtherance of its investment
advisory business operations.
Certain of the above support services and/or products assist the Registrant in
managing and administering client accounts. Others do not directly provide such
assistance, but rather assist the Registrant to manage and further develop its business
enterprise.
Registrant’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or
assets maintained at Schwab or Fidelity as a result of this arrangement. There is no
corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or Fidelity or any
other any entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any
specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as result of the above
arrangement.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Louise Gibbs, is available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the
above arrangement and any corresponding conflicts of
interest such
arrangement creates.
2. The Registrant does not receive referrals from broker-dealers.
3. The Registrant does not generally accept directed brokerage arrangements (when a
client requires that account transactions be effected through a specific broker-dealer).
In such client directed arrangements, the client will negotiate terms and arrangements
for their account with that broker-dealer, and Registrant will not seek better execution
services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to "batch" the client's
transactions for execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other accounts
managed by Registrant. As a result, client may pay higher commissions or other
transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on
transactions for the account than would otherwise be the case.
In the event that the client directs Registrant to effect securities transactions for the
client's accounts through a specific broker-dealer, the client correspondingly
acknowledges that such direction may cause the accounts to incur higher
commissions or transaction costs than the accounts would otherwise incur had the
client determined to effect account transactions through alternative clearing
arrangements that may be available through Registrant. Higher transaction costs
adversely impact account performance.
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Transactions for directed accounts will generally be executed following the execution
of portfolio transactions for non-directed accounts.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Louise Gibbs, is available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the
above arrangement.
B. To the extent that the Registrant provides investment management services to its clients,
the transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently, unless
the Registrant decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at
approximately the same time. The Registrant may (but is not obligated to) combine or
“bunch” such orders to obtain best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission
rates or to allocate equitably among the Registrant’s clients differences in prices and
commissions or other transaction costs that might have been obtained had such orders
been placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to
price and will be allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale orders
placed for each client account on any given day. The Registrant shall not receive any
additional compensation or remuneration as a result of such aggregation.
Item 13
Review of Accounts
A. For those clients to whom Registrant provides investment advisory services, account
reviews are conducted on an ongoing basis by Benjamin Nostrand, Louise Gibbs, and
Eric Hallman. All investment advisory and financial planning clients are advised that it
remains their responsibility to advise the Registrant of any changes in their investment
objectives and/or financial situation. All clients (in person or via telephone) are
encouraged to comprehensively review financial planning issues, investment objectives
and account performance with the Registrant on an annual basis, as applicable.
B. The Registrant may conduct account reviews on an other than periodic basis upon the
occurrence of a triggering event, such as a change in client investment objectives and/or
financial situation, market corrections and client request.
C. Clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and regular summary account
statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the
client accounts. Those clients to whom Registrant provides investment advisory services
shall also receive a quarterly report from the Registrant summarizing account activity and
performance.
Item 14
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. As referenced in Item 12.A.1 above, the Registrant may receive an indirect economic
benefit from Schwab or Fidelity. The Registrant, without cost (and/or at a discount), may
receive support services and/or products from Schwab or Fidelity.
Registrant’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or assets
maintained at Schwab or Fidelity as a result of this arrangement. There is no
corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or Fidelity or any other
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any entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific
mutual funds, securities or other investment products as result of the above arrangement.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Louise Gibbs, is available to address
any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above
arrangement and any corresponding conflicts of interest any such arrangement
creates.
B. As of the date of this Brochure, Registrant maintains a referral relationship with
Wealthramp, Inc. (“Wealthramp”), an unaffiliated registered investment adviser. If a
client is introduced to the Registrant by a solicitor like Wealthramp, Registrant may pay
that solicitor a referral fee in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any corresponding state securities law
requirements. Any such referral fee shall be paid solely from the Registrant’s investment
advisory fee, and shall not result in any additional charge to the client. The solicitor, at
the time of the solicitation, will disclose the nature of their solicitor relationship and
provide each prospective client with a written disclosure statement disclosing the terms of
the solicitation arrangement between the Registrant and the solicitor, including the
compensation to be received by the solicitor from the Registrant and any related material
conflicts of interest.
Item 15
Custody
The Registrant shall have the ability to have its advisory fee for each client debited by the
custodian on a quarterly basis. Clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices
and regular summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or
program sponsor for the client accounts. Those clients to whom Registrant provides
investment advisory services shall also receive a quarterly report from the Registrant
summarizing account activity and performance.
To the extent that the Registrant provides clients with periodic account statements or
reports, the client is urged to compare any statement or report provided by the Registrant
with the account statements received from the account custodian.
The account custodian does not verify the accuracy of the Registrant’s advisory fee
calculation.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Louise Gibbs, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding
custody-related issues.
Item 16
Investment Discretion
The client can determine to engage the Registrant to provide investment advisory services
on a discretionary basis. Prior to the Registrant assuming discretionary authority over a
client’s account, client shall be required to execute an Investment Advisory Agreement,
naming the Registrant as client’s attorney and agent in fact, granting the Registrant full
authority to buy, sell, or otherwise effect investment transactions involving the assets in
the client’s name found in the discretionary account.
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Clients who engage the Registrant on a discretionary basis may, at anytime, impose
restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s discretionary authority. (i.e. limit the
types/amounts of particular securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to
purchase securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or proscribe the
Registrant’s use of margin, etc.).
Item 17
Voting Client Securities
Unless the client directs otherwise in writing, the Registrant is responsible for voting
client proxies (However, the client shall maintain exclusive responsibility for all legal
proceedings or other type events pertaining to the account assets, including, but not
limited to, class action lawsuits). The Registrant shall vote proxies in accordance with its
Proxy Voting Policy, a copy of which is available upon request. The Registrant shall
monitor corporate actions of individual issuers and investment companies consistent with
the Registrant’s fiduciary duty to vote proxies in the best interests of its clients. Although
the factors which Registrant will consider when determining how it will vote differ on a
case by case basis, they may, but are not be limited to, include the following a review of
recommendations from issuer management, shareholder proposals, cost effects of such
proposals, effect on employees and executive and director compensation. With respect to
individual issuers, the Registrant may be solicited to vote on matters including corporate
governance, adoption or amendments to compensation plans (including stock options),
and matters involving social issues and corporate responsibility. With respect to
investment companies (e.g., mutual funds), the Registrant may be solicited to vote on
matters including the approval of advisory contracts, distribution plans, and mergers.
The Registrant shall maintain records pertaining to proxy voting as required pursuant to
Rule 204-2 (c) (2) under the Advisers Act. Copies of Rules 206(4)-6 and 204-2(c) (2) are
available upon written request. In addition, information pertaining to how the Registrant
voted on any specific proxy issue is also available upon written request. Requests should
be made by contacting the Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Louise Gibbs.
Item 18
Financial Information
A. The Registrant does not solicit or require prepayment of fees of $1,200 or more six months or
more in advance.
B. The Registrant is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its
ability to meet its contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over
certain client accounts.
C. The Registrant has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
ANY QUESTIONS: The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Louise Gibbs, is
available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have
regarding the above disclosures and arrangements.
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