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Investment Adviser Brochure
Westwood Management Corp.
200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75201
(214) 756-6900
www.westwoodgroup.com
October 22, 2025
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Westwood
Management Corp. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact
us at (214) 756-6900 or complianceapproval@westwoodgroup.com. The information in this
brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Westwood Management Corp. also is available on the SEC’s website
at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Westwood Management Corp. is an SEC registered investment adviser. Registration does not
imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2 – Material Changes
The following reflect the changes made since the other than annual update on April 9, 2025:
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
• Added a new strategy description to reflect the introduction of the MIS Real Assets SMA
Strategy and its associated risks.
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
• Clarified the disclosure regarding existing placement arrangements related to the Salient MLP
Total Return Fund, LP and the Salient MLP Total Return Fund TE, LP to provide additional
detail on potential conflicts of interest and how we address them.
• Added disclosure regarding solicitation agreements with third-party firms under which
Westwood compensates such firms for introducing prospective clients. This disclosure
explains the nature of the arrangements, the conflicts of interest created, and the steps
Westwood takes to address those conflicts.
Item 3 – Table of Contents
Item 4 - Advisory Business ............................................................................................................. 1
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation ..................................................................................................... 5
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ................................................ 8
Item 7 - Types of Clients .............................................................................................................. 10
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ....................................... 10
Item 9 - Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................. 35
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ..................................................... 35
Item 12 - Brokerage Practices ....................................................................................................... 39
Item 13 - Review of Accounts ...................................................................................................... 44
Item 14 - Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................... 45
Item 15 - Custody.......................................................................................................................... 46
Item 16 - Investment Discretion ................................................................................................... 46
Item 17 - Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................ 47
Item 18 - Financial Information .................................................................................................... 47
Item 4 - Advisory Business
Westwood Management Corp. (“Westwood”) is an investment advisory firm that has been in
business since 1983. Westwood is a wholly owned subsidiary of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.
(“WHG”), a publicly held company listed on the New York Stock Exchange since July 1, 2002.
WHG’s subsidiaries include the following entities: Broadmark Asset Management, LLC
(“Broadmark”), an SEC-registered investment adviser and CFTC-registered commodity trading
advisor; Forward Securities, LLC (“Forward Securities”), an SEC-registered broker-dealer and
FINRA member; Salient Advisors, LP (“Salient Advisors”) an SEC-registered investment adviser
and CFTC-registered commodity pool operator; Salient Capital, LP (“Salient Capital”), an SEC-
registered broker-dealer; Westwood Advisors, L.L.C. (“Westwood Advisors”), an SEC-registered
investment adviser; Westwood Trust, a Texas-chartered Trust company headquartered in Dallas,
Texas. Salient Advisors, Salient Capital, Westwood, Westwood Advisors and Westwood Trust are
wholly owned by WHG. Broadmark is a majority-owned subsidiary of WHG. In addition, WHG
owns 50% of The Salient Zarvona Energy Fund GP, LP, an SEC-registered investment advisor
and private fund sponsor.
In November 2022, Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. completed the acquisition of the asset
management business of Salient Partners, LP and its subsidiaries (generally, “Salient”). Salient,
based in Houston, Texas with an office in San Francisco, California, provided investment advisory
services through Salient Capital Advisors, LP and Forward Management, LLC, both SEC-
registered investment advisors. Pursuant to the transaction, Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. and
its subsidiaries acquired substantially all of the assets of Salient and its subsidiaries. Generally,
investment advisory agreements with Salient Capital Advisors and Forward Management were
assigned to Westwood Management Corp. upon client notice and consent. In addition, Westwood
Holdings Group, Inc. also purchased all of the equity ownership in Salient Advisors, Salient
Capital and Forward Securities as well as Salient’s equity ownership in The Salient Zarvona
Energy Fund GP, LP. Forward Securities has since been deregistered as a broker-dealer and
dissolved.
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. purchased all of Salient’s minority interest in Broadmark and also
purchased additional equity ownership of Broadmark in January 2023, giving Westwood Holdings
Group, Inc. a majority ownership stake in Broadmark.
Westwood provides portfolio management services to individuals, investment companies, pension
and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations, state and municipal
government entities, pooled investment vehicles, and sovereign wealth funds. Westwood provides
investment management services to investment companies; including open end mutual fund and
exchange traded funds; private funds and other pooled investment vehicles both directly as the
primary investment adviser and on a sub-advised basis when retained by a fund’s investment
adviser. Westwood provides investment management services to clients by providing ongoing
implementation of its investment strategies, or in the case of model portfolios or other non-
discretionary services, provides ongoing updates to its investment advice. Generally, in the case
of model portfolio services, Westwood provides investment recommendations to other advisers in
the form of a model portfolio which these advisers have full discretion to implement for their own
clients.
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Westwood tailors its services to specific client needs. Westwood carries out its investment
management responsibilities in accordance with the investment guidelines and policy directives
provided by the client. In these written guidelines, clients may impose restrictions on investing in
certain securities or types of securities. Clients may also impose restrictions on investments in
certain industries, sectors, or asset classes.
Westwood typically implements and monitors an institutional client’s guidelines by entering
restrictions in its trade compliance system that interfaces with its trade order management system.
At account setup and as client guidelines are revised, a Compliance Officer identifies all guideline
restrictions and inputs the information into the trade compliance system. Restrictions entered into
the trade compliance system are checked and verified by investment personnel. The trade
compliance system electronically monitors and enforces guideline restrictions including stock,
industry, and sector specific restrictions. The Compliance Officer and investment personnel
monitor account guidelines on a daily basis via the trade compliance system. Any restrictions that
cannot be entered into the trade compliance system are monitored manually and reported to the
Portfolio Teams on a periodic basis. In addition, Westwood reviews all institutional accounts an
annual basis to ensure that the investment guidelines are current and correctly entered into the
trade compliance system and that other client preferences and account attributes are correctly
entered into the appropriate system.
Westwood provides portfolio management services for wrap fee programs and other separately
managed account platforms (including platforms that charge separate fees for investment advice
and brokerage services) for the following investment strategies:
• Westwood AllCap Value SMA
• Westwood Balanced SMA
• Westwood Broadmark Tactical Growth SMA
• Westwood Broadmark Tactical Plus SMA
• Westwood Fixed SMA
• Westwood Income Lite SMA
• Westwood Income Opportunity SMA
• Westwood LargeCap Value SMA
• Westwood MLP C-Corp SMA
• Westwood MLP Custom SMA
• Westwood High Conviction SMA
• Westwood MLP SMA
• Westwood Platinum SMA
• Westwood SmallCap Value SMA
• Westwood Quant SMA
• Westwood SMidCap Value SMA
Strategies in these programs are implemented substantially the same as in Westwood’s institutional
accounts; however, wrap account and separately managed account trades are not aggregated with
Westwood’s other trades because they typically trade on the sponsors’ platforms or have directed
brokerage relationships.
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Wrap program sponsors and other investment advisers receiving Westwood model portfolios are
primarily responsible for evaluating suitability and adhering to client-imposed investment
restrictions. Dual contract separately managed accounts are generally subject to a minimum
account size requirement of $250,000. Program sponsors for UMA, wrap fee or other SMA
platforms generally determine account and strategy minimum requirements.
Westwood is typically compensated for its services in wrap fee and other managed account
programs by receiving a portion of the fees charged to clients by program sponsors. The fee is
typically based on the sponsor’s assets under management attributable to Westwood’s investment
strategies and is calculated and paid by the sponsors.
Investment Opportunity Allocation
Westwood’s investment strategies and advisory services are provided across a variety of types of
relationships including mutual funds, ETFs and other pooled investment vehicles, institutional
separate accounts, separately managed accounts and model portfolio-based separately managed
account programs or platforms (“Model Portfolio Programs”) in which Westwood’s model
portfolios are implemented and traded by the Sponsor or other brokerage firm (“Model Program
Sponsor”). Westwood has designed a rotational process designed to achieve an equitable allocation
of investment opportunities among its advisory clients for strategies available through wrap
programs, other separately managed account platforms and Model Portfolio Programs. This
practice is generally referred to as Westwood’s Trade Rotation Policy even though, in the case of
Model Portfolio Programs, Westwood does not conduct the trading.
For purposes of implementing its Trade Rotation Policy, Westwood has established three groups
of account or relationship types based on how Westwood implements investment services:
• The Institutional Trade Rotation Group which includes mutual funds, ETFs, other
collective investment vehicles and most institutional separate accounts;
• The Managed Account Group or MAG Trade Rotation Group which includes separately
managed accounts traded by Westwood as well as certain institutional separate accounts;
and
• The Model Portfolio Rotation Group which consists of Model Portfolio Programs.
Westwood trades or provides model portfolio updates, as applicable, to these account groups based
on an order set each calendar month. Subject to exceptions summarized below, all internal model
updates started during the month will be implemented in that order and the order is indexed for the
following month such that the group that traded second during the month will trade first during the
next month, the group that traded third will trade second and the group that traded first will trade
third.
Westwood has set a threshold of a 50 basis points model change as the trigger for its Trade Rotation
policy. Changes in the internal model portfolio associated with an investment strategy which do
not result in a model weight change of at least 0.50% from the prior model portfolio update are not
subject to the Trade Rotation Policy. For model updates below this threshold, Westwood typically
implements trading in institutional accounts first, followed by the MAG Trade Rotation Group
second and by providing updated models third.
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Relationships in which Westwood Management Corp. provides a model portfolio to Westwood
Trust or Westwood Advisors, LLC but which are traded by Westwood’s Dallas-based trading team
will be included in the MAG Trade Rotation Group for purposes of the Trade Rotation Policy.
For the Model Portfolio Rotation Group, in lieu of trading, Westwood notifies the Model Program
Sponsors by providing an updated model portfolio pursuant to the normal model delivery process
for each program. Westwood provides an updated model portfolio to all model portfolio recipients
as contemporaneously as practicable.
Except as noted below, the following U.S. value strategies are covered by the Trade Rotation
Policy:
• AllCap Value
• LargeCap Value
• MLP SMA
• SmallCap
• SMidCap
Trades and model portfolio updates in these strategies will be subject to the trade rotation policy
if Westwood has advisory relationships in a strategy in more than one of the rotation groups.
Strategies that do not have accounts in more than one of these groups are not subject to the Trade
Rotation Policy.
Westwood will generally assume that a Model Program Sponsor has completed trading on the
earlier of: (1) two trading days have passed since Westwood delivered a model update, (2) the
Model Program Sponsor confirms that it has completed its implementation of the model update,
or (3) Westwood determines that sufficient time has elapsed for a Model Program Sponsor to have
completed implementation of a model update based on a reasonable estimate of the aggregate
quantity of shares to be executed by the Model Program Sponsors and observed trade volume.
The Trade Rotation Policy does not apply to the following scenarios:
• Trades based on cash flows and corporate actions;
• New issues, such as IPOs and secondary offerings;
•
In certain scenarios, such as material news events, in which Westwood determines to
implement trades and model updates contemporaneously; or
•
If a strategy subject to rotation is participating in a trade with a strategy not subject to
rotation, Westwood may trade outside of the applicable rotation sequence with an equitable
adjustment for future trades.
Only non-directed accounts that Westwood trades directly will participate in IPOs, other new
issues and secondary offerings. Generally, accounts in the MAG Trade Rotation Group will be
considered as directed and therefore will not participate in IPOs, other new issues or secondary
offerings. However, new positions within the internal model portfolio resulting from participation
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in the new issue will typically be implemented after completion of the new issues trades in the
MAG Trade Group and in the Model Portfolio Group in the relevant order then applicable.
Trading in Multi-Asset SMA Accounts: Income Opportunity SMA, and Multi-Asset
Income SMA
Westwood generally updates and trades accounts assigned to the following multi-assets strategies
once a month: Income Opportunity SMA, High Income SMA and Total Return SMA. These Multi-
Asset SMA strategies are traded as separate strategies from their respective institutional strategies
and trades for the same security are not typically subject to aggregation or rotation with
institutional accounts.
Tactical Growth Accounts
Tactical Growth accounts are traded primarily using volume-weighted average pricing orders and
similar trading strategies for exchange traded funds in which substantially all advisory accounts
participate. Therefore, trades for the Tactical Growth Strategy are typically not rotated among
types of clients. The Tactical Growth Strategy is implemented by Westwood on a discretionary
basis based on a model portfolio provided by Broadmark Asset Management, LLC, acting as a
non-discretionary sub-adviser to Westwood.
Assets under Management and Non-Discretionary Services
Westwood provides non-discretionary services to certain clients on a case-by-case basis.
As of December 31, 2024, Westwood managed 293 accounts on a discretionary basis with a value
totaling approximately $12,802,824,273. Westwood did not have any non-discretionary assets
under management. However, Westwood provides non-discretionary investment advice through
several model portfolio programs as well as with respect to MLP PE SMA accounts.
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation
Westwood offers investment advisory services for a percentage of assets under management and,
for some strategies, performance-based fees or a combination of performance-based fees and a
percentage of assets under management. Westwood does not have a standard fee schedule for sub-
advised accounts. Fees may be negotiable depending on the size of the account, the complexity of
the issues involved, and the breadth of services requested. The minimum account size may be
waived at Westwood’s discretion. Minimum account requirements for wrap and retail separately
managed accounts are described in Item 4 above.
The following fees apply to new institutional separately managed accounts:
0.60% on the first $50 million
ALLCAP VALUE
(Minimum Investment: $25 MM)
0.65% on the first $50 million
ALTERNATIVE INCOME
(Minimum Investment: $50 MM)
0.625% on the first $25 million
BALANCED
(Minimum investment: $25 MM)
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0.80% on the first $50 million
CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
(Minimum Investment: $25 MM)
Also available with a performance fee to
qualified clients on a case by case basis.
1.00% up to $750,000
CUSTOM ASSET ALLOCATION
(No minimum investment)
0.80% on the first $25 million
INCOME OPPORTUNITY
(Minimum Investment: $25 MM)
0.40% on the first $10 million
INTERMEDIATE FIXED INCOME
(Minimum Investment: $10 MM)
0.50% on the first $50 million
MULTI ASSET INCOME
(Minimum Investment: $50 MM)
0.50% on the first $50 million
LARGECAP VALUE
(Minimum Investment: $25 MM)
MIDCAP VALUE
0.65% on the first $50 million
(Minimum investment: $25 MM)
0.75% on the first $50 million
MLP & ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
(Minimum investment: $25MM)
0.75% on the first $50 million
MLP INCOME SMA
(Minimum investment: $25 MM)
MLP TOTAL RETURN
Available only through Westwood Salient
private funds. Fee information is disclosed in
applicable Private Placement Memorandum.
MLP TOTAL RETURN TE
Available only through Westwood Salient
private funds. Fee information is disclosed in
applicable Private Placement Memorandum.
0.75% on the first $25 million
MLP SMA
(Minimum investment: $25 MM)
0.55% on the first $10 million
PLATINUM STRATEGY
(Minimum investment:$1 MM)
0.75% on the first $50 million
REAL ESTATE INCOME
(Minimum investment: $25 MM)
0.75% on the first $100 million
SMALLCAP VALUE
(Minimum Investment: $25 MM)
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0.75% on the first $50 million
SMIDCAP VALUE
(Minimum Investment: $25 MM)
0.75% on the first $50 million
TACTICAL GROWTH
(Minimum Investment: $25 MM)
0.75% on the first $50 million
TACTICAL PLUS
(Minimum Investment: $25 MM)
The following fee schedule applies for model portfolio arrangements:
AllCap Value SMA
Multi-Asset Income SMA
Income Opportunity SMA
LargeCap Value SMA
MidCap Value SMA
MLP SMA
SmallCap Value SMA
SMidCap Value SMA
Tactical Growth SMA
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.30%
0.40%
0.40%
0.50%
0.45%
0.55%
Model portfolios fees are negotiable and may be lower or tiered depending on the platform’s
asset potential, advisor base and operational complexity, and the breadth of services and support
required by Westwood.
Billing Practices
It is Westwood’s normal practice to bill separately managed accounts quarterly in advance and
pooled investments monthly in arrears. However, the billing method is negotiable. Former clients
of Salient Capital Advisors are billed as provided in the applicable advisory agreements.
Westwood has several wrap fee/retail managed account relationships in which, with the pre-
approval of the sponsor, Westwood reports fees to the custodian, who pays Westwood directly
from account assets.
Fee calculations are typically based on the market value of an account as provided in the applicable
agreement. If management of an account begins at any time other than the start of the calendar
quarter, then the first quarterly fee is prorated. Upon termination by either party, fees are prorated
to the date of termination and any portion of prepaid fees attributable to the period following the
effective date termination is refunded to the client, generally via a payment to the custodian to be
credited to the client’s account.
To the extent that fees are based on the market value of the account, Westwood calculates fees
based on the ending market value for the billing period. Typically, Westwood values the securities
using an independent outside pricing vendor who furnishes prices based on readily available
market information. In some instances, securities for which quotations are not readily available are
addressed by an internal Valuation Committee that has been established to review valuation issues.
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The purpose of the Valuation Committee is to meet periodically and resolve any issues regarding
valuation and pricing of securities. The Valuation Committee sets the policies and procedures
around Westwood’s standard pricing function, including sources, markets, and methodology for
all of Westwood’s standard security types. The Valuation Committee is responsible for approving
and documenting any methodology used to price complex securities where Westwood goes outside
of its normal pricing sources, including any manual pricing. The Valuation Committee has final
approval of any new security types that have not previously been traded. Securities that may
require manual pricing could affect fee calculations for both asset-based fee arrangements and
performance-based fee arrangements.
Billing for performance-based fees are described below in Item 6.
In addition to Westwood’s fees discussed above, clients will incur brokerage fees and other
transaction costs, as well as any fees charged by the clients’ custodians. See the section titled “Item
12 – Brokerage Practices” below.
Additional Investment Advisory Fees – Mutual Fund Clients
Some advisory clients may be invested in mutual funds and/or exchange traded funds which assess
fees that would be in addition to those imposed by Westwood for investment advisory services.
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Westwood charges asset-based fees for most accounts and offers performance-based fees for
certain strategies. Performance-Based Fees are only available to clients that are “qualified clients”
as defined in SEC Rule 205-3 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (17 C.F.R. §275.205-3)
and for whom Westwood determines performance-based fees are suitable.
Other Performance Based Fees
Westwood currently has a limited number of relationships for which it receives other performance-
based fees including accounts established with “Sensible Fees”, performance-based fees
previously offered by Westwood. Generally, performance-based fee structures for institutional
accounts are available to clients who have at least $500 million under management with Westwood
(or $50 million under management for the Market Neutral Income strategy) at the time that
performance-based fees are agreed upon, or who have a long-standing relationship with
Westwood. Certain Westwood clients who are former clients of Salient Capital Advisors or
Forward Management also have performance-based fee arrangements as provided in the applicable
advisory agreements. Other performance-based fees are calculated quarterly or annually in arrears
based on performance for the defined performance period.
Disclosures Relating to Performance-Based Fees
Westwood recognizes that incentive compensation associated with performance-based fee
arrangements creates the risk for potential conflicts of interest.
• Performance-based fees may create an incentive for Westwood to make riskier or more
speculative investments than would be made under a different fee arrangement or to
allocate investments having a greater potential for higher returns to accounts of those
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clients paying the higher performance fee. It is Westwood’s policy not to favor the interest
of one client over another. Westwood addresses the conflicts of interest created by “side-
by-side management” with performance-based fee accounts by requiring portfolio
decisions to be made on a strategy-specific, internal model portfolio basis. Westwood also
addresses this risk through disclosure and through its risk and other internal reviews.
•
Investment performance for accounts with performance-based fees is measured relative to
the selected benchmark. This creates an incentive for Westwood to select a benchmark that
may not be appropriate for the strategy, such as one for an asset class that may be expected
to underperform over time. Westwood addresses this conflict of interest primarily through
disclosure, its risk and other internal reviews and by limiting the availability of Westwood
Performance-Based Fees to eligible clients.
• Although performance-based fees may reduce or eliminate the fees received by Westwood
if a portfolio does not outperform the associated benchmark, Westwood’s fee arrangements
do not compensate clients or refund prior fees in the event of underperformance.
• Westwood Performance-Based Fees are usually based on the relative performance of
Westwood’s strategy as compared to the benchmark. It is possible that both Westwood’s
strategy and the benchmark may lose significant value and that Westwood could still earn
a significant performance-based fee based on the relative difference in performance.
Westwood portfolio managers often manage multiple client accounts in each Westwood strategy.
The fee rates for accounts managed according to the same strategy vary and in some strategies
some clients pay asset-based fees while others pay performance-based fees. The portfolio
managers’ management of other accounts gives rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection
with their management of one client’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the
other clients’ accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective
as the particular client. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest arises as a result of the identical
investment objectives, whereby the portfolio manager could favor one account over another.
Another potential conflict could include the portfolio manager’s knowledge about the size, timing,
and possible market impact of trades, whereby a portfolio manager could use this information to
the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the client. Westwood has established
policies and procedures designed to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all
accounts it manages are fairly and equitably allocated over time. Westwood’s trade allocation
policy is to aggregate client transactions where possible when it is believed that such aggregation
may facilitate Westwood’s duty of best execution, as applicable. Client accounts for which orders
are aggregated receive the average price of such transaction. Any transaction costs incurred in the
transaction are shared pro rata based on each client’s participation in the transaction. Westwood
generally allocates securities among client accounts according to each account’s pre-determined
participation in the transaction. Westwood’s policy prohibits any allocation of trades that would
favor any proprietary accounts, affiliated accounts, or any particular client(s) or group of clients
over any other account(s).
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Accounts managed in wrap account programs and retail managed account programs are not
included in the aggregated trades described above. Investment opportunity allocation practices for
these programs are described in Item 4.
Item 7 - Types of Clients
See the section titled “Advisory Business” above for a description of the types of clients to which
Westwood generally provides investment advice. With the exception of the Custom Asset
Allocation strategy and SMA and dual contract accounts, Westwood has initial investment
requirements typically ranging from $2.5 million to $25 million depending on the mandate. Clients
are able to negotiate this requirement, and the minimum may be waived at Westwood’s discretion.
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
U.S. Value Investment Strategies
The investment philosophy for Westwood’s U.S. Value Team can be summarized by the following
core principles:
•
Investing in undervalued, high-quality businesses can generate a return premium resulting
in lower absolute downside risk and superior risk-adjusted returns.
• Superior business models have sustainable competitive advantages that can consistently
generate returns on capital in excess of the cost of capital.
• High quality businesses have better opportunities to reinvest cash flows, pursue M&A and
return capital to investors, creating long-term value for shareholders.
• Quality performs better during periods of volatility resulting in lower downside risk.
•
Identifying the intersection of quality and value requires a fundamental active, multifaceted
approach analyzing profitability and financial strength specific across industries.
• Valuation methods using cash flows and earnings is essential to determine intrinsic value
— making valuation critical to realizing the return premium.
Multi-Asset Investment Strategies
Westwood’s multi-asset investment philosophy and approach is based on effectively marrying
bottom-up, fundamental security selection and top-down macroeconomic views to achieve an
optimal risk-adjusted outcome for our investors. The process utilizes both fundamental and
quantitative tools to evaluate macro, micro, and technical conditions across a wide range of asset
classes to determine our portfolio construction.
Westwood places a high degree of emphasis on tactical allocation, supported by its proprietary
signals, and downside risk-management to navigate changing market environments. Westwood’s
tactical approach also provides flexibility over time to prioritize areas of opportunity while
avoiding those with less attractive valuations. Tactical allocations combined with idiosyncratic
security returns are the key sources of returns, rather than traditional beta, to achieve potentially
greater diversification and risk-adjusted returns. Westwood believes these are key tenets to
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achieving its investment objectives and fully realizing the true diversification benefits of multi-
asset investing. Westwood’s investment approach was designed to be simple, liquid and
transparent, without a heavy use of derivatives, which allows investors to understand how, where
and why Westwood is taking risk in order to meet their objectives.
Note that investment strategy and other important information about the Salient MLP Total Return
Fund, L.P., and the Salient MLP Total Return TE Fund, L.P., is disclosed in each fund’s Private
Placement Memorandum and is not included below.
Descriptions of each strategy are as follows:
AllCap Value Strategy
Investments in equity securities of approximately 50 to 80 companies benchmarked to the Russell
3000 Value Index.
Alternative Income Strategy
Multi-strategy process seeking to generate positive absolute returns through a short duration yield
portfolio of global convertible securities, convertible arbitrage and macro hedging.
Balanced Strategy
For the Balanced strategy, the broad equity investment universe is generally all stocks greater than
$5 billion in market capitalization. The broad fixed income investment universe is the Barclays
Aggregate Index which includes securities such as US Treasuries, Government Agencies,
Mortgage-Backed Securities, Investment Grade Corporate and Asset Backed Securities. The
strategy invests in approximately 40 to 60 equity securities and approximately 30 to 60 debt
securities.
Custom Asset Allocation Strategy
For the Custom Asset Allocation strategy, Westwood utilizes a diversified strategy that is
customizable based upon each client’s individual objectives and constraints. Westwood typically
deploys a balanced investment allocation utilizing a combination of domestic and international
equity and investment-grade fixed income securities.
Credit Opportunities Strategy
The Credit Opportunities Strategy targets investment returns through capital appreciation by
making opportunistic investments in debt securities, which may include distressed or defaulted
securities, and is typically expected to hold 20 to 30 positions.
Multi-Asset Income Strategy
Multi-asset approach utilizes primarily non-investment grade corporate bond exposure, coupled
with modest equity exposure in order to generate both investment income and capital appreciation.
Multi-Asset Income SMA Strategy
Multi-asset approach utilizes primarily non-investment grade corporate bond exposure, coupled
with modest equity exposure in order to generate both investment income and capital appreciation.
The Multi-Asset Income SMA strategy is designed to offer a strategy that is similar to Westwood’s
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institutional Multi-Asset Income strategy in a format that can be implemented for individual SMA
accounts and model portfolio programs. To do so, the strategy will generally use ETFs or mutual
funds to gain exposure to the MLP asset class and certain types of fixed income securities.
Income Opportunity Strategy
Bottom-up, multi-asset strategy focused on providing investors attractive returns by balancing the
need for income, capital appreciation and downside risk through security selection and sector
rotation.
Income Opportunity SMA Strategy
Multi-asset strategy that invests across multiple bond sectors including convertibles and income
producing equity securities. The Income Opportunity SMA strategy is designed to offer a strategy
that is similar to Westwood’s institutional Income Opportunity strategy in a format that can be
implemented for individual SMA accounts and model portfolio programs. To do so, the strategy
will generally use ETFs or mutual funds to gain exposure to the MLP asset class and certain types
of fixed income securities.
Intermediate Fixed Income Strategy
For the Intermediate Fixed Income strategy, Westwood invests in fixed income securities that are,
in the aggregate, investment grade securities of corporate and government issuers and commercial
paper and mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The strategy invests in approximately 40 to 60
debt securities.
LargeCap Value Strategy
Investments in equity securities of approximately 40 to 60 companies benchmarked to the Russell
1000 Value Index.
MidCap Value Strategy
Investments in equity securities of approximately 50 to 80 companies benchmarked to the Russell
Midcap Value Index.
MIS Real Assets SMA Strategy
The Westwood Real Assets SMA Strategy seeks capital appreciation by investing in securities of
companies involved in the four pillars of real assets: energy, real estate, natural resources or
infrastructure.
Energy companies include those involved in exploration and production of oil, natural gas, and
coal, as well as companies involved in refining, transportation and storage of raw materials.
Real estate companies include real estate investment trusts (REITs) and similar REIT-like entities.
A real estate company derives its revenues from ownership, development, construction, financing,
management, or sale of commercial, industrial, or residential real estate and land.
Natural resources companies include those that own, produce, refine, process, transport and market
natural resources, including gold and precious metals, steel and iron ore production, chemicals and
forest products.
Infrastructure companies include companies involved in owning, developing, constructing,
renovating, financing or operating infrastructure assets, which are the physical structures and
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networks of a community, including water, sewer, and energy utilities, transportation and
communication networks, health care facilities, government accommodations, and other public
service facilities.
The strategy will use a risk weighting process that seeks to balance investment risks across four
pillars, identifying volatility targeting, diversification and inflation protection as the primary
investment goals.
Westwood may use a third-party index provider to construct or replicate a custom benchmark
aligned with this methodology. The strategy will seek to replicate the risk and return characteristics
of that index.
MLP & Energy Infrastructure
The Westwood Salient MLP & Energy Infrastructure Strategy seeks to maximize total return
(capital appreciation and income). The strategy primarily invests in Master Limited Partnerships
(“MLPs”) and MLP-related companies seeking exposure to a broad range of energy infrastructure
opportunities. The strategy typically invests in between 30 and 50 securities.
MLP Income SMA Strategy
For the MLP Income SMA strategy, Westwood seeks primarily to provide long-term growth of
capital and to generate sustainable dividend income through investment primarily in MLPs.
Westwood will opportunistically use covered calls written on up to 100% of the portfolio. See Use
of Margin and Options section below.
MLP Private Equity SMA
The investment objective of the Westwood Salient MLP Private Equity SMA strategy (also
referred to as the Private Investment Program) is to earn an attractive return on invested capital.
Westwood will pursue its investment objective by sourcing and making recommendations of
energy private investments to client which Westwood believes are suitable for the client's portfolio
and investment policies. Westwood does not typically exercise discretion on the private
investments and the client will consider each investment recommendation on its own merit and
complete the required legal documents and investor questionnaires to subscribe to each approved
private investment. Eligible investments include direct private placements, private co-investments,
private investment in public equity (“PIPE”) and non-registered convertible preferred equity
investments.
Investment in private fund investments through the MLP Private Equity SMA strategy may result in
layering of fees such that clients pay investment management fees to Westwood as well as to the
advisor or sponsor of the private fund investment.
Investments made by clients through the MLP Private Equity SMA strategy are subject to important
risk and other disclosure information made in each investment’s private placement memorandum or
other subscription documentation.
MLP SMA
The Westwood Salient MLP SMA strategy seeks to maximize total return (capital appreciation
and income) by investing in MLPs and energy infrastructure companies. The strategy invests in
approximately 20-30 securities.
- 13 -
Platinum Strategy
For the Platinum strategy, Westwood typically invests in companies with market capitalizations
greater than $2 billion and seeks to achieve capital appreciation and dividend growth. The strategy
invests in approximately 30-50 securities.
Real Estate Income
The Westwood Real Estate Income strategy seeks high current income and potential for modest
long-term growth of capital. The strategy invests in preferred equity and bonds of public real estate
companies and in real estate investment trust (“REIT”) common stocks. The strategy may also
seek opportunities in small capitalization REITs and may use portfolio leverage in pursuit of its
objectives. The strategy typically invests in 50 to 70 holdings.
SmallCap Value Strategy
Investments in equity securities of approximately 50 to 70 companies benchmarked to the Russell
2000 Value Index.
SMidCap Value Strategy
Investments in equity securities of approximately 50 to 70 companies benchmarked to the Russell
2500 Value Index.
Tactical Growth
Westwood’s subsidiary, Broadmark Asset Management, serves as the sub-adviser to the
Westwood Broadmark Tactical Growth strategy. The Tactical Growth Strategy seeks to produce
above-average, risk-adjusted returns, in any market environment, while exhibiting less downside
volatility than the S&P 500 Index. The strategy invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of
instruments that provide exposure to U.S. and non-U.S. equity securities, including shares of
exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). The strategy may also invest in equity securities of U.S. and non-
U.S. issuers, which may include emerging market issuers. The strategy may hold a substantial
portion of its assets in cash and cash equivalents and in investment grade fixed-income instruments
of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers of any maturity.
Tactical Plus
Westwood’s subsidiary, Broadmark Asset Management, serves as the sub-adviser to the
Westwood Broadmark Tactical Plus strategy. The Tactical Plus strategy seeks to produce, in any
market environment, above-average risk-adjusted returns and less downside volatility than the
S&P 500 Index. The strategy pairs the core long/short equity strategy with a catalyst-driven,
policy-focused, long volatility trading strategy designed to find niche opportunities in disruptive
changes to market trends and investor behaviors. Exposure can range from a maximum of 200%
net long to 100% net short. The strategy invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of instruments
that provide exposure to U.S. and non-U.S. equity securities, including shares of exchange-traded
funds (“ETFs”). The strategy may also hold futures and options on securities and securities indices,
as well as equity securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, which may include emerging market
- 14 -
issuers. The strategy may hold a substantial portion of its assets in cash and cash equivalents and
in investment grade fixed-income instruments of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers of any maturity.
ESG Factors and the UNPRI
Additionally, Westwood is a signatory to the United Nations-backed Principles for Responsible
Investment (“UNPRI”). The UNPRI recognize that ESG issues can affect the performance of
investment portfolios and must be given appropriate consideration by investors. Accordingly,
Westwood has articulated how ESG is integrated into its investment process when evaluating
investment opportunities.
Use of Margin and Options
Westwood may use margin transactions and options transactions for some strategies, including the
MLP SMA and MLP Income SMA strategies.
Margin transactions: Westwood uses margin transactions as part of certain investment strategies.
We may recommend, where appropriate, that a client establish a margin account with the client’s
broker. In this situation, if we are selling one stock and purchasing another stock with the proceeds,
we can use the margin account to make certain that you are not left out of the purchase if we have
difficulty completing the sale.
A risk in margin trading is that, in volatile markets, securities prices can fall very quickly. If the
value of the securities in your account minus what you owe the broker falls below a certain level,
the broker will issue a “margin call”, and you will be required to sell your position in the security
purchased on margin or add more cash to the account. In some circumstances, you may lose more
money than you originally invested.
Option writing: We use options as part of certain investment strategies. An option is a contract that
gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset (such as a share of stock) at
a specific price on or before a certain date. An option, just like a stock or bond, is a security. An
option is also a derivative, because it derives its value from an underlying asset.
The two types of options are calls and puts:
• A call gives us the right to buy an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time.
We will buy a call if we have determined that the stock will increase substantially before
the option expires.
• A put gives us the right to sell an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time.
We will buy a put if we have determined that the price of the stock will fall before the
option expires.
We will use options to speculate on the possibility of a sharp price swing. We will also use options
to “hedge” a purchase of the underlying security; in other words, we will use an option purchase
to limit the potential upside and downside of a security we have purchased for your portfolio.
We use “covered calls”, in which we sell an option on a security you own. In this strategy, you
receive a fee for making the option available, and the person purchasing the option has the right to
buy the security from you at an agreed-upon price.
- 15 -
We use a “spreading strategy”, in which we purchase two or more option contracts (for example,
a call option that you buy and a call option that you sell) for the same underlying security. This
effectively puts you on both sides of the market, but with the ability to vary price, time and other
factors.
A risk of covered calls is that the option buyer does not have to exercise the option, so that if we
want to sell the stock prior to the end of the option agreement, we have to buy the option back
from the option buyer, for a possible loss.
A risk of spreading strategies is that the ability to fully profit from a price swing is limited.
Principal Risks
As with all investments, investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared
to bear. The principal risk factors affecting client funds are set forth, by strategy, in summary
format below. Following such summaries are more detailed explanations of such risks. Clients and
prospective clients should carefully review the detailed explanations of each type of principal risk.
Note that risk information and other important information about the Salient MLP Total Return
Fund and the Salient MLP Total Return TE Fund is disclosed in each fund’s Private Placement
Memorandum and is not included below.
AllCap Value Strategy
Investment Style Risk
Small-Capitalization Company
Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Equity Risk
REIT Risk
Small- and Mid-Capitalization
Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
MLP Risk
ETF Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Alternative Income Strategy
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Investment Style Risk
Liquidity Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Equity Risk
Emerging Markets Securities Risk
Derivatives Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Warrants Risk
Credit Risk
Custodial Risk
Regional Focus Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Options Risk
Balanced Strategy
Equity Risk
REIT Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Investment Style Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
ETF Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
MLP Risk
Foreign Company Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
- 16 -
and Mid-Capitalization
Company
Dividend Paying Stocks Risk
Emerging Markets Securities Risk
Equity Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Investment Style Risk
Custom Asset Allocation Strategy
Liquidity Risk
MLP Risk
REIT Risk
Small-
Company Risk
Small-Capitalization
Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
ETF Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Global Real Estate Strategy
Equity Risk
ETF Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Leverage Risk
Liquidity Risk
Market Events Risk
Asset- Backed Securities Risk
Borrowing Risk
Concentration Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Debt Instruments Risk
Derivatives Risk
Emerging Markets Securities Risk
Mid-Sized
Market Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
Overseas Exchanges Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
REIT Risk
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
Risk
Small-
and
Capitalization Company Risk
High Income Strategy
ETF Risk
Small- and Mid-Sized
Capitalization Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Emerging Markets Securities Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Corporate Bond Risk
Equity Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
REIT Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Large-Capitalization Company
Risk
Inflation-Linked Securities Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Geographic Focus Risk
Liquidity Risk
Derivatives Risk
Collateralized Mortgage
Obligations Risk
TBA/Dollar Roll Risk
Bank Loans Risk
High Income SMA Strategy
ETF Risk
Small- and Mid-Sized
Capitalization Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Emerging Markets Securities Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Corporate Bond Risk
Equity Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
REIT Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Large-Capitalization Company
Risk
Inflation-Linked Securities Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Geographic Focus Risk
Liquidity Risk
Derivatives Risk
Collateralized Mortgage
Obligations Risk
TBA/Dollar Roll Risk
Bank Loans Risk
- 17 -
Income Opportunity Strategy
Portfolio Turnover Risk
MLP Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
Small- and Mid-Capitalization
Company Risk
ETF Risk
REIT Risk
Equity Risk
Fixed Income Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Income Opportunity SMA Strategy
Equity Risk
Fixed Income Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
Small- and Mid-Capitalization
Company Risk
ETF Risk
REIT Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
MLP Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Intermediate Fixed Income Strategy
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Cyber Security Risk
High Income Strategy
Small- and Mid-Sized
Capitalization Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Emerging Markets Securities Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Inflation-Linked Securities Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Geographic Focus Risk
Liquidity Risk
Derivatives Risk
Collateralized Mortgage
Obligations Risk
TBA/Dollar Roll Risk
Bank Loans Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Corporate Bond Risk
Equity Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
REIT Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Large-Capitalization Company
Risk
ETF Risk
High Income SMA Strategy
ETF Risk
Small- and Mid-Sized
Capitalization Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Emerging Markets Securities Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Corporate Bond Risk
Equity Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
REIT Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Large-Capitalization Company
Risk
Inflation-Linked Securities Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Geographic Focus Risk
Liquidity Risk
Derivatives Risk
Collateralized Mortgage
Obligations Risk
TBA/Dollar Roll Risk
Bank Loans Risk
- 18 -
LargeCap Value Strategy
Equity Risk
REIT Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Investment Style Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
ETF Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
MLP Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Cyber Security Risk
MLP Income SMA Strategy – Principal Risks
Equity Risk
Liquidity Risk
MLP Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Small- and Mid-Sized
Capitalization Company Risk
Volatility Risk
Concentration Risk
Options Risk
Market Events Risk
Model and Data Risk
MLP and Energy Infrastructure Strategy
Mid-Sized
Borrowing Risk
Concentration Risk
Debt Instruments Risk
Derivatives Risk
Equity Risk
Leverage Risk
Liquidity Risk
Market Events Risk
Market Risk
MLP Risk
Model and Data Risk
Non Diversification Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Renewable Energy Companies
Risk
Small-
and
Capitalization Company Risk
Tax Law Change Risk
Volatility Risk
MLP SMA Strategy
Mid-Sized
Non Diversification Risk
Liquidity Risk
Market Events Risk
Market Risk
MLP Risk
Model and Data Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Renewable Energy Companies
Risk
Small-
and
Capitalization Company Risk
Tax Law Change Risk
Volatility Risk
Borrowing Risk
Concentration Risk
Debt Instruments Risk
Derivatives Risk
Equity Risk
Industry Specific Risk
Leverage Risk
MLP Private Equity SMA Strategy
Mid-Sized
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Renewable Energy Companies
Risk
Small-
and
Capitalization Company Risk
Tax Law Change Risk
Volatility Risk
Non Diversification Risk
Liquidity Risk
Market Events Risk
Market Risk
Master Limited Partnerships
(“MLPs”) Risk
Model and Data Risk
Borrowing Risk
Concentration Risk
Commodities Investment Risks
Debt Instruments Risk
Derivatives Risk
Equity Risk
Industry Specific Risk
Leverage Risk
- 19 -
MLP Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Equity Risk
Energy Sector Risk
Mid-Capitalization
Company Risk
MidCap Value Strategy
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Investment Style Risk
REIT Risk
Cyber Security Risk
MIS Real Asset Strategy– Principal Risks
Equity Risk
Liquidity Risk
•
•
• Real Estate Securities and
REIT Risk
•
Portfolio Turnover Risk
•
Small and Medium
Capitalization Stocks Risk
• Volatility Risk
• MLP Risk
•
Sector Risk
•
Events Risk
• Model and Data Risk
• Hypothetical Performance
Risk
Platinum Strategy
and Mid-Capitalization
REIT Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
Small-
Company Risk
Dividend Paying Stocks Risk
Benchmark Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Liquidity Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Equity Risk
ETF Risk
Investment Style
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
MLP Risk
REIT Strategy
Portfolio Turnover Risk
REIT Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Investment Style Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Select Income Strategy
and Other
Leverage Risk
Liquidity Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Market Events Risk
Market Risk
MLP Risk
Borrowing Risk
Concentration Risk
Debt Instruments Risk
Derivatives Risk
Equity Risk
ETF Risk
Mid-Sized
Mortgage-Related
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
REIT Risk
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
Risk
Short Sale Risk
Small-
and
Capitalization Company Risk
- 20 -
Systematic SmallCap Growth Strategy
Equity Risk
Growth Investing Risk
Small- and Mid-Capitalization
Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Investment Style Risk
REIT Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
MLP Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
ETF Risk
Small-Capitalization Company
Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Systematic LargeCap Growth Strategy
Equity Risk
Growth Investing Risk
REIT Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Investment Style Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
ETF Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
MLP Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Cyber Security Risk
- 21 -
SmallCap Value Strategy
Investment Style Risk
Small-Capitalization Company
Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Equity Risk
REIT Risk
Small- and Mid-Capitalization
Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
MLP Risk
ETF Risk
Cyber Security Risk
SMidCap Value Strategy
MLP Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
ETF Risk
Small-Capitalization Company
Risk
Equity Risk
Small- and Mid-Capitalization
Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Risk
Investment Style Risk
REIT Risk
Royalty Trust Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Cyber Security Risk
Tactical Growth Strategy
Notes
in Money Market
Mid-Sized
Exchange-Traded
(“ETNs”) Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Investment
Mutual Funds Risk
Leverage Risk
Liquidity Risk
Market Events Risk
Borrowing Risk
Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk
Debt Instruments Risk
Derivatives Risk
Emerging Market and Frontier
Market Risk
Equity Risk
ETF Risk
Market Risk
Model and Data Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Short Sale Risk
Small-
and
Capitalization Company Risk
Sub Advisor Risk
Tax Risk
Volatility Risk
Tactical Plus Strategy
in Money Market
Mid-Sized
Foreign Securities Risk
Investment
Mutual Funds Risk
Leverage Risk
Liquidity Risk
Market Events Risk
Market Risk
Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Debt Instruments Risk
Derivatives Risk
Emerging Market and Frontier
Market Risk
Equity Risk
ETF Risk
Model and Data Risk
Overseas Exchanges Risk
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Short Sale Risk
Small-
and
Capitalization Company Risk
Sub Advisor Risk
Tax Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Volatility Risk
- 22 -
Total Return Strategy
Large-Capitalization Company
Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
Inflation-Linked Securities Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Equity Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
Corporate Bond Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Small- and Mid-Sized
Capitalization Company Risk
REIT Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Emerging Markets Securities
Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Liquidity Risk
Derivatives Risk
Bank Loans Risk
Geographic Focus Risk
TBA/Dollar Roll Risk
Total Return SMA Strategy
Large-Capitalization Company
Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
Inflation-Linked Securities Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Equity Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
Corporate Bond Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Small- and Mid-Sized
Capitalization Company Risk
REIT Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Emerging Markets Securities
Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Liquidity Risk
Derivatives Risk
Bank Loans Risk
Geographic Focus Risk
TBA/Dollar Roll Risk
High Yield Bond Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Corporate Bond Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Large-Capitalization Company
Risk
Credit Opportunities Strategy
Small- and Mid-Sized
Capitalization Company Risk
Foreign Securities Risk
Emerging Markets Securities
Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Inflation-Linked Securities Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Geographic Focus Risk
Liquidity Risk
Derivatives Risk
Collateralized Mortgage
Obligations Risk
TBA/Dollar Roll Risk
Bank Loans Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk – Payment of principal and interest on asset-backed securities is
dependent largely on the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities, and asset-
backed securities may not have the benefit of any security interest in the related assets.
Bank Loans Risk – Investments in bank loans (through both assignments and participations) are
generally subject to the same risks as investments in other types of debt instruments, including, in
many cases, investments in junk bonds. There may be limited public information available
regarding bank loans and bank loans may be difficult to value. If the portfolio holds a bank loan
through another financial institution or relies on a financial institution to administer the loan, its
receipt of principal and interest on the loan may be subject to the credit risk of that financial
institution. It is possible that any collateral securing a loan may be insufficient or unavailable, and
that the portfolio’s rights to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or insolvency laws. In
addition, the secondary market for bank loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide
- 23 -
bid/ask spreads, and extended trade settlement periods, which may cause the portfolio to be unable
to realize the full value of its investment in a bank loan. Bank loans may not be considered
“securities,” and purchasers therefore may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of
the federal securities laws.
Borrowing Risk: Borrowing for investment purposes creates leverage, which will exaggerate the effect of
any increase or decrease in the market price of securities in the portfolio and, therefore, may increase the
volatility of the portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (that may include
commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances). These costs may exceed the
gain on securities purchased with borrowed funds. Increased operating costs, including the financing cost
associated with any leverage, may reduce the portfolio’s total return. Unless the income and capital
appreciation, if any, on securities acquired with borrowed funds exceed the cost of borrowing, the use of
leverage will diminish the investment performance of the portfolio.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk – It is part of a portfolio’s investment strategy to, at times, hold a
substantial portion of its assets in cash and/or cash equivalents, including money market instruments. Under
certain market conditions, such as during a rising stock market, this strategy could have a negative effect
on the portfolio’s ability to achieve its investment objective. To the extent that the portfolio invests in a
money market fund, the portfolio will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the money market fund’s
expenses.
Concentration Risk: The account may have its investment concentrated in issuers of one or more particular
industries. There is a risk that those issuers (or industry sector) will perform poorly and negatively impact
the account. Concentration risk results from maintaining exposure (long or short) to issuers conducting
business in a specific industry. The risk of concentrating investments in a limited number of issuers in a
particular industry is that the account will be more susceptible to market, economic, political, regulatory,
and other conditions and risks associated with that industry than an account that does not concentrate its
investments and invests more broadly across industries and sectors.
Convertible Securities Risk – The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in
interest rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest
rates decline) and the credit standing of the issuer. The price of a convertible security will also
normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because
of the conversion or exercise feature.
Corporate Bond Risk – Corporate bonds respond to economic developments, especially changes
in interest rates, as well as perceptions of the creditworthiness and business prospects of individual
issuers.
Credit Risk – The risk that the issuer of a security or the counterparty to a contract will default or
otherwise become unable to honor a financial obligation. The credit rating or financial condition
of an issuer may affect the value of a fixed income debt security. Generally, the lower the credit
quality of a security, the greater the perceived risk that the issuer will fail to pay interest fully and
return principal in a timely manner. If an issuer defaults or becomes unable to honor its financial
obligations, the security may lose some or all of its value. The issuer of an investment-grade
security is considered by the rating agency to be more likely to pay interest and repay principal
than an issuer of a lower quality bond. Adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances
may weaken the capacity of the issuer to pay interest and repay principal.
Cyber Security Risk – Westwood and its clients may be subject to cyber security risks. Those
risks include, among others, theft, misuse or corruption of data maintained online or digitally;
- 24 -
denial of service attacks on websites; the loss or unauthorized release of confidential and
proprietary information; operational disruption; or various other forms of cyber security breaches.
Cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of Westwood or its service providers may harm
Westwood clients; potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses, the inability of
Westwood and/or its clients to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws,
regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs,
and/or additional compliance and remediation costs. Cyber security risks may also affect issuers
of securities in which a client invests, potentially causing the client’s investment in such issuers to
lose value. Despite risk management processes, there can be no guarantee that a client will avoid
losses relating to cyber security risks or other information security breaches.
Debt Instruments Risk – Debt instruments are generally subject to credit risk and interest rate
risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will be unable to make interest
payments and/or repay the principal on its debt. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value
of a fixed-income security resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. When the
general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most fixed-income securities go down. When
the general level of interest rates goes down, the prices of most fixed-income securities go up.
Derivatives related to debt instruments may be exposed to similar risks for individual securities,
groups of securities or indices tracking multiple securities or markets. Both debt securities and
debt-related derivative instruments may be exposed to one or more of the following risks:
• Credit Risk: Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of the security will not be
able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating
or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the
Portfolio’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on both the financial
condition of the issuer and the terms of the obligation. Securities rated by the rating
agencies in the four highest categories (Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”) (AAA, AA, A, and BBB),
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) (Aaa, Aa, A, and Baa) or S&P® Global
Ratings (“S&P”) (AAA, AA, A, and BBB)) are considered investment grade, but they may
also have some speculative characteristics, meaning that they carry more risk than higher
rated securities and may have problems making principal and interest payments in difficult
economic climates. Investment grade ratings do not guarantee that bonds will not lose
value.
• Extension Risk: Extension risk is the risk that, when interest rates rise, certain obligations
will be paid off by the issuer (or obligor) more slowly than anticipated, causing the value
of these securities to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities,
making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities
generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities.
As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility
and may lose value.
• Interest Rate Risk: The yields for certain securities are susceptible in the short-term to
fluctuations in interest rates, and the prices of such securities may decline when interest
rates rise. Interest rate risk in general is the risk that prices of fixed-income securities
generally increase when interest rates decline and decrease when interest rates increase.
The Portfolio may decline in value or suffer losses if short-term or long-term interest rates
rise sharply or otherwise change in a manner not anticipated by the Advisor.
- 25 -
• Prepayment Risk: Prepayment risk is the risk that certain debt securities with high
interest rates will be prepaid by the issuer before they mature. When interest rates fall,
certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated,
and an investor may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods
of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase (as does price fluctuation)
as borrowers are motivated to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During such
periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds by the management team will generally
be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment
reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.
Derivatives Risk – The Strategy’s use of futures contracts, options and swaps is subject to market
risk, leverage risk, correlation risk, hedging risk and liquidity risk. Market risk is the risk that the
market value of an investment may move up and down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably.
Leverage risk is the risk that the use of leverage may amplify the effects of market volatility on
the Strategy’s share price and may also cause the Strategy to liquidate portfolio positions when it
would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. Correlation risk is the risk
that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly or at all with the underlying
asset, rate or index. Hedging risk is the risk that derivative instruments used for hedging purposes
may also limit any potential gain that may result from the increase in value of the hedged asset. To
the extent that the Strategy engages in hedging strategies, there can be no assurance that such
strategy will be effective or that there will be a hedge in place at any given time. Liquidity risk is
described elsewhere in this section. The Strategy’s use of forwards and swaps is also subject to
credit risk and valuation risk. Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty to a derivative contract
will default or otherwise become unable to honor a financial obligation. Valuation risk is the risk
that the derivative may be difficult to value. Each of these risks could cause the Strategy to lose
more than the principal amount invested in a derivative instrument.
Dividend Paying Stocks Risk – A strategy’s emphasis on dividend-paying stocks involves the
risk that such stocks may fall out of favor with investors and underperform the market. Also, a
company may reduce or eliminate its dividend.
Emerging Markets Securities Risk – Investments in emerging markets securities are considered
speculative and subject to heightened risks in addition to the general risks of investing in foreign
securities. Unlike more established markets, emerging markets may have governments that are less
stable, markets that are less liquid and economies that are less developed. In addition, the securities
markets of emerging market countries may consist of companies with smaller market
capitalizations and may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions
on foreign investment; and possible restrictions on repatriation of investment income and capital.
Furthermore, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales, and future
economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or
confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization or creation of government monopolies.
Equity Risk – Any investment in an equity security is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall
over short or extended periods of time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles, and
the value of the investment’s equity securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. Individual
companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends
and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in
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response. These factors contribute to price volatility, which is the principal risk of investing in any
equity security.
ETF Risk – ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, such as registered investment companies and
grantor trusts, whose shares are listed and traded on U.S. stock exchanges or otherwise traded in
the over-the-counter market. To the extent that a Strategy invests in ETFs, the Strategy will be
subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities
comprising the index on which the ETF is based and the value of the Strategy’s investment will
fluctuate in response to the performance of the underlying index. ETFs typically incur fees that are
separate from those of the account. Accordingly, a Strategy’s investments in ETFs will result in
the layering of expenses such that clients will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the ETFs’
operating expenses, in addition to paying asset management fees. Because the value of ETF shares
depends on the demand in the market, shares may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset
value. Westwood may not be able to liquidate the Strategy’s holdings at the most optimal time,
which could adversely affect the Strategy’s performance.
Exchange-Traded Notes (“ETNs”) Risk – The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to
maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in the underlying
market, changes in applicable interest rates, and changes in the issuer’s credit rating. A portfolio
that invests in ETNs will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses associated with
investment in such securities, which will reduce the amount of return on investment at maturity or
redemption. There may be restrictions on a portfolio’s right to redeem its investment in an ETN
meant to be held to maturity. There are no periodic interest payments for ETNs and principal is
not protected. It may be difficult for a portfolio to sell its ETN holdings due to limited availability
of a secondary market.
Fixed Income Risk – Fixed income securities are subject to a number of risks, including credit
and interest rate risks. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer or obligor will not make timely payments
of principal and interest. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an
issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Strategy’s investment in that issuer. The
account is subject to greater levels of credit risk to the extent it holds below investment grade debt
securities, or “junk bonds.” Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a fixed income security
will fall when interest rates rise. In general, the longer the maturity and the lower the credit quality
of a fixed income security, the more likely its value will decline.
Foreign Currency Risk – As a result of the investments in securities or other investments
denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the Strategy will be subject to
currency risk. Currency risk is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the
U.S. dollar, in which case, the value of an account managed in the Strategy would be adversely
affected.
Foreign Securities Risk – Investing in foreign companies, including direct investments and
through ADRs and Global Depository Receipts (“GDRs”), which are traded on U.S. exchanges
and represent an ownership interest in a foreign company, poses additional risks since political and
economic events unique to a country or region will affect those markets and their issuers. These
risks will not necessarily affect the U.S. economy or similar issuers located in the United States.
Securities of foreign companies may not be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “SEC”) and foreign companies are generally not subject to the regulatory
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controls imposed on U.S. issuers and, as a consequence, there is generally less publicly available
information about foreign securities than is available about domestic securities. Income from
foreign securities may be reduced by a withholding tax at the source, which tax would reduce
income received from the securities comprising a client’s portfolio. Foreign securities may also be
more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers. While ADRs provide an alternative to
directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their respective national markets and
currencies, investments in ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with
investing directly in foreign securities.
Geographic Focus Risk – To the extent that it focuses its investments in a particular country or
geographic region, the account may be more susceptible to economic, political, regulatory or other
events or conditions affecting issuers and countries within that country or geographic region. As a
result, the account may be subject to greater price volatility and risk of loss than a fund holding
more geographically diverse investments.
Growth Investing Risk – Growth stocks tend to be more expensive relative to the issuing
company’s earnings or assets compared with other types of stocks, reflecting investors’
expectations of future earnings and assets. As a result, they tend to be more sensitive to changes
in, or investors’ expectations of, the issuing company’s earnings and can therefore be more
volatile.
High Yield Bond Risk – High yield bonds (often called “junk bonds”) are debt securities rated
below investment grade. Junk bonds are speculative, involve greater risks of default, downgrade,
or price declines and are more volatile and tend to be less liquid than investment-grade securities.
Companies issuing high yield bonds are less financially strong, are more likely to encounter
financial difficulties, and are more vulnerable to adverse market events and negative sentiments
than companies with higher credit ratings.
Industry Specific Risk – The MLPs and Energy Infrastructure Companies, including Midstream
MLPs and Energy Infrastructure Companies, in which the portfolio invests, are subject to risks
specific to the industry they serve, including, but not limited to the following:
• Fluctuations in commodity prices may impact the volume of commodities transported,
processed, stored or distributed.
• Reduced volumes of natural gas or other energy commodities available for transporting,
processing, storing or distributing may affect the profitability of a company or MLP.
• Slowdowns in new construction and acquisitions can limit growth potential.
• A sustained reduced demand for crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products that
could adversely affect revenues and cash flows.
• Depletion of the natural gas reserves or other commodities if not replaced, which could impact
the ability of an Energy Infrastructure Company or MLP to make distributions.
• Changes in the regulatory environment could adversely affect the profitability of Energy
Infrastructure Companies and MLPs.
• Extreme weather or other natural disasters could impact the value of Energy Infrastructure
Company and MLP securities.
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• Rising interest rates which could result in a higher cost of capital and divert investors into other
investment opportunities.
• Threats of attack by terrorists on energy assets could impact the market for Energy
Infrastructure and MLP securities.
• Global events, including particularly in Russia, Ukraine, Western Europe and the Middle East
and including government stability specifically, could have significant adverse effects on the
U.S. economy, and financial and commodities markets.
Hypothetical Performance Risk – In certain materials, we may present hypothetical or model
performance to demonstrate how an MIS strategy might have performed under historical market
conditions based on rules-based portfolio construction and assumed allocations. These results do
not represent actual trading in a live account and are generated using backtested or simulated data.
As such, hypothetical performance is subject to significant limitations, including reliance on
assumptions that may not reflect actual market conditions, liquidity constraints, fees, trading costs,
or client-specific objectives. It may also be subject to hindsight bias, backtesting error, and
overfitting. Actual results may differ materially, and hypothetical performance should not be relied
upon as an indicator of future returns.
Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) Risk – The market value of shares in an IPO may fluctuate
considerably or decline shortly after the IPO, due to factors such as the absence of a prior public
market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited
information about the issuer. In addition, there is also a risk that participation in IPOs may have
an outsized effect on performance of strategies with lower assets under management that may not
be replicable as the assets in such strategies increases.
Inflation-Linked Securities Risk – The value of inflation-linked securities is expected to change
in response to changes in real interest rates (the market rate of interest less the anticipated rate of
inflation). Real interest rates change over time as a result of many factors, such as currency
exchange rates, central bank monetary policies and general economic conditions. In general, the
price of an inflation-linked security tends to decrease when real interest rates increase and can
increase when real interest rates decrease. Interest payments on inflation-linked securities are
unpredictable and will fluctuate as the principal and interest are adjusted for inflation. Any increase
in the principal amount of an inflation-linked debt security will be considered taxable ordinary
income, even though a Fund will not receive the principal until maturity. Repayment of the original
bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of TIPS. For
bonds that do not provide a similar guarantee, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at
maturity may be less than the original principal. There can also be no assurance that the inflation
index used will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. A
Account’s investments in inflation-linked securities may lose value in the event that the actual rate
of inflation is different than the rate of the inflation index. In addition, inflation-linked securities
are subject to the risk that the CPI or other relevant pricing index may be discontinued,
fundamentally altered in a manner materially adverse to the interests of an investor in the securities,
altered by legislation or Executive Order in a materially adverse manner to the interests of an
investor in the securities or substituted with an alternative index.
Interest Rate Risk – Changes in interest rates are a factor that could affect the value of an
investment. Rising interest rates tend to cause the prices of fixed income securities (especially
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those with longer maturities) to fall. Risks associated with rising interest rates are heightened given
that interest rates in the U.S. are at, or near, historic lows. The concept of duration is useful in
assessing the sensitivity of a fixed income investment to interest rate movements, which are usually
the main source of risk for most fixed income investments. Duration measures price volatility by
estimating the change in price of a debt security for a 1% change in its yield. For example, a
duration of five years means the price of a debt security will change about 5% for every 1% change
in its yield. Thus, the longer the duration, the more volatile the security. Fixed income debt
securities have a stated maturity date when the issuer must repay the principal amount of the bond.
Some fixed income debt securities, known as callable bonds, may repay the principal earlier than
the stated maturity date. Fixed income debt securities are most likely to be called when interest
rates are falling because the issuer can refinance at a lower rate.
Investment in Money Market Mutual Funds Risk – The portfolio invests in money market
mutual funds. While government money market funds seek to transact at a $1.00 per share stable
net asset value, certain other money market funds transact at a fluctuating net asset value, and it is
possible to lose money by investing in money market funds. Further, money market funds may
impose a fee upon redemption or may temporarily suspend redemptions if the fund’s liquidity falls
below a required minimum because of market conditions or other factors. Investments in money
market funds are not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.
Investment Style Risk – Westwood pursues a “value style” of investing. Value investing focuses
on companies with stocks that appear undervalued in light of factors such as the company’s
earnings, book value, revenues or cash flow. If Westwood’s assessment of market conditions, or a
company’s value or its prospects for exceeding earnings expectations is inaccurate, the client could
suffer losses or produce poor performance relative to other investment strategies and products. In
addition, “value stocks” can continue to be undervalued by the market for long periods of time.
Large-Capitalization Company Risk – The large capitalization companies in which the Account
may invest may lag the performance of smaller capitalization companies because large
capitalization companies may experience slower rates of growth than smaller capitalization
companies and may not respond as quickly to market changes and opportunities
Leverage Risk – If a portfolio makes investments in futures contracts, forward currency contracts
and other derivative instruments, the futures contracts and certain other derivatives provide the
economic effect of financial leverage by creating additional investment exposure, as well as the
potential for greater loss. If a portfolio uses leverage through activities such as borrowing, entering
into short sales, purchasing securities on margin or on a “when-issued” basis or purchasing
derivative instruments in an effort to increase its returns, the portfolio has the risk of magnified
capital losses that occur when losses affect an asset base, enlarged by borrowings or the creation
of liabilities, that exceeds the net assets of the portfolio. The net asset value of a portfolio when
employing leverage will be more volatile and sensitive to market movements. Leverage may
involve the creation of a liability that requires a portfolio to pay interest. A portfolio may also be
required to pay fees in connection with borrowings (such as loan syndication fees or commitment
and administrative fees in connection with a line of credit) and it might be required to maintain
minimum average balances with a bank lender, either of which would increase the cost of
borrowing over the stated interest rate.
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Liquidity Risk – Certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price
that the Strategy would like. The Strategy may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell
other securities to raise cash instead or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have
a negative effect on Strategy management or performance.
Market Risk – Market risk is the risk that the markets on which the Fund’s investments trade will
increase or decrease in value. Prices may fluctuate widely over short or extended periods in
response to company, market or economic news. Markets also tend to move in cycles, with periods
of rising and falling prices. If there is a general decline in the securities and other markets, your
investment in the Fund may lose value, regardless of the individual results of the securities and
other instruments in which the Fund invests.
Market Events Risk – Events in the U.S. and global financial markets, including actions taken
by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth,
may at times, and for varying periods of time, result in unusually high market volatility, which
could negatively impact the account’s performance and cause the account to experience illiquidity,
shareholder redemptions, or other potentially adverse effects. Reduced liquidity in credit and
fixed-income markets could negatively affect issuers worldwide. Banks and financial services
companies could suffer losses if interest rates rise or economic conditions deteriorate.
MLP Risk – MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded.
MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to oil and gas
industries or other natural resources, but they also may finance other projects. To the extent that
an MLP’s interests are all in a particular industry or industries, such as the energy industries, the
MLP will be negatively impacted by economic events adversely impacting that industry or
industries. Additional risks of investing in an MLP also include those involved in investing in a
partnership as opposed to a corporation, such as limited control of management, limited voting
rights or tax risks. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain jurisdictions which
will have the effect of reducing the amount of income paid by the MLP to its investors. Investment
in MLPs may result in the layering of expenses, such that clients will indirectly bear a
proportionate share of the MLPs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying asset management fees
and expenses. Energy companies are affected by worldwide energy prices and costs related to
energy production. These companies may have significant operations in areas at risk for natural
disasters, social unrest and environmental damage. These companies may also be at risk for
increased government regulation and intervention, energy conservation efforts, litigation and
negative publicity and perception.
Model and Data Risk: Given the complexity of the investments and strategies of the portfolio,
Westwood and/or the Sub-Advisor, as appropriate, rely heavily on quantitative models (both
proprietary models developed by Westwood and/or Sub-Advisor, and those supplied by third-party
vendors) and information and data supplied by third-party vendors (“Models and Data”). Models
and Data are used to construct sets of transactions and investments and to provide risk management
insights.
When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon
expose the portfolio to potential risks. The success of relying on such models may depend on the
accuracy and reliability of historical data supplied by third party vendors.
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All models rely on correct market data inputs. If incorrect market data is entered into even a well-
founded model, the resulting information will be incorrect. However, even if market data is input
correctly, “model prices” will often differ substantially from market prices, especially for
securities with complex characteristics, such as derivative securities.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk – Mortgage-backed securities are affected by, among other
things, interest rate changes and the possibility of prepayment of the underlying mortgage loans.
Mortgage-backed securities are also subject to the risk that underlying borrowers will be unable to
meet their obligations.
Mutual Fund Risk – Mutual funds involve risk of loss, and there is no guarantee that a mutual
fund will achieve its goals. The mutual fund advisor’s (and/or subadvisor’s) judgments about the
markets, the economy, or companies may not anticipate actual market movements, economic
conditions, or company performance, and these judgments may affect the return on the investment.
The value of an investment in a mutual fund is based on the value of the securities the fund holds.
These prices change daily due to economic and other events that affect particular companies and
other issuers. These price movements, sometimes called volatility, may be greater or lesser
depending on the types of securities the fund owns and the markets in which they trade. The effect
on a fund of a change in the value of a single security will depend on how widely the fund
diversifies its holdings.
Options Risk – Investments in options may be subject to the risk that the adviser does not correctly
predict the movement of an option’s underlying stock. Option purchases may result in the loss of
part or all of the amount paid for the option plus commission costs. Option sales may result in a
forced sale or purchase of a security at a price higher or lower than its current market price.
Overseas Exchanges Risk – A portfolio may engage in transactions on a number of overseas
stock exchanges. Market practices relating to clearance and settlement of securities transactions
and custody of assets can potentially pose an increased risk to a portfolio and may involve delays
in obtaining accurate information on the value of securities, A portfolio may engage in transactions
in the stock markets of emerging market countries. Emerging market country stock markets, in
general, are less liquid, smaller, and less regulated than many of the developed country stock
markets. Purchases and sales of investments may take longer than would otherwise be expected
on developed stock markets and transactions may need to be conducted at unfavorable prices.
Portfolio Turnover Risk – Due to its investment strategy, the Strategy may buy and sell securities
frequently. Such a strategy often involves higher expenses, including brokerage commissions, and
may increase the amount of capital gains (in particular, short-term gains) realized by the Strategy.
Shareholders may pay tax on such capital gains.
Preferred Stock Risk – Preferred stocks are sensitive to interest rate changes and are also subject
to equity risk, which is the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time.
The rights of preferred stocks on the distribution of a company’s assets in the event of a liquidation
are generally subordinate to the rights associated with a company’s debt securities.
Regional Focus Risk – To the extent that it focuses its investments in a particular geographic
region, the Strategy may be more susceptible to economic, political, regulatory or other events or
conditions affecting issuers and countries within that region. As a result, the Strategy may be
subject to greater price volatility and risk of loss than a strategy holding more geographically
diverse investments.
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REIT Risk – REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and usually operate, income-
producing real estate. REITs are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership of real
estate, such as the following: declines in property values; increases in property taxes, operating
expenses, interest rates or competition overbuilding; zoning changes; and losses from casualty or
condemnation. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from asset management fees and
expenses. Accordingly, investment in REITS will result in the layering of expenses such that
investors will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses in addition
to asset management fees and expenses. Some REITs may have limited diversification and may
be subject to risks inherent in financing a limited number of properties. REITs depend generally
on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions and may be subject to defaults by
borrowers and to self-liquidations. In addition, a REIT may be affected by its failure to qualify for
tax-free pass-through of income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
“Code”), or its failure to maintain exemption from registration under the 1940 Act.
Restricted and Illiquid Securities Risk - Certain securities generally trade in lower volume and
may be less liquid than securities of large established companies. These less liquid securities could
include securities of small- and mid-sized non-U.S. companies, high-yield securities, convertible
securities, unrated debt and convertible securities, securities that originate from small offerings,
and foreign securities, particularly those from companies in emerging markets. If a security is
illiquid, a portfolio may not be able to sell the security at a time and/or price at which the Advisor
and/or the Sub-Advisor, as appropriate, might wish to sell, which means that the portfolio could
lose money. In addition, the security could have the effect of decreasing the overall level of the
portfolio’s liquidity. Further, the lack of an established secondary market may make it more
difficult to value illiquid securities, which could vary from the amount a portfolio could realize
upon disposition.
Restricted securities are securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale and
include equity or fixed-income securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers that are issued through
private offerings without registration with the SEC, including offerings outside the United States.
Restricted securities may be illiquid. However, some restricted securities may be treated as liquid,
although they may be less liquid than registered securities traded on established secondary
markets.
Renewable Energy Companies Risk – Renewable energy companies may be more volatile than
companies operating in more established industries. Renewable energy companies are subject to
specific risks, including, among others: fluctuations in commodity prices and/or interest rates;
changes in governmental or environmental regulation; reduced availability of renewable energy
sources or other commodities for transporting, processing, storing or delivering; slowdowns in
new construction; seasonal weather conditions, extreme weather or other natural disasters; and
threats of attack by terrorists on certain renewable energy assets. Certain investments may be
dependent on U.S. and foreign government policies, including tax incentives and subsidies. The
above factors could also impact the ability of renewable energy companies to pay dividends
comparable to those paid by other Energy Infrastructure Companies. Certain valuation methods
used to value renewable energy companies have not been in widespread use for a significant period
of time and may further increase the volatility of certain renewable energy company share prices.
Royalty Trust Risk – Westwood may invest in royalty trusts on behalf of client accounts. A
royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies and distributes the income
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it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand for crude oil, natural
gas and refined petroleum products could adversely affect income and royalty trust revenues and
cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a recession or other
adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity, higher
taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such
products. A rising interest rate environment could adversely impact the performance of royalty
trusts. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of royalty trusts because of the
increased availability of alternative investments at more competitive yields. The investment in
royalty trusts may result in the layering of expenses such that investors will indirectly bear a
proportionate share of the royalty trusts’ operating expenses, in addition to paying asset
management fees and expenses. Royalty trust operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table
and example in the Prospectus.
Short Sale Risk – The portfolio may take a short position in a derivative instrument, such as a
future, forward or swap. A short position on a derivative instrument involves the risk of a
theoretically unlimited increase in the value of the underlying instrument. The portfolio may also
from time to time sell securities short, which involves borrowing and selling a security and
covering such borrowed security through a later purchase. A short sale creates the risk of an
unlimited loss, in that the price of the underlying security could theoretically increase without
limit, thus increasing the cost of buying those securities to cover the short position. There can be
no assurance that the securities necessary to cover a short position will be available for purchase.
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk – The small- and mid-capitalization companies
in which Westwood may invest may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events
than larger, more established companies. In particular, investments in these small- and mid-sized
companies may pose additional risks, including liquidity risk, because these companies tend to
have limited product lines, markets and financial resources, and may depend upon a relatively
small management group. Therefore, small- and mid-cap stocks may be more volatile than those
of larger companies. These securities may be traded over-the-counter or listed on an exchange.
Small-Capitalization Company Risk – The small-capitalization companies in which Westwood
may invest may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more
established companies. In particular, investments in these small-sized companies may pose
additional risks, including liquidity risk, because these companies tend to have limited product
lines, markets and financial resources, and may depend upon a relatively small management group.
Therefore, small-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies. These securities
may be traded over-the-counter or listed on an exchange.
Sub-Advisor Risk: The portfolio is subject to management risk because it relies on the Sub-
Advisor’s ability to pursue the portfolio’s objective. The Sub-Advisor will apply investment
techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the fund, but there can be no
guarantee that these will produce the desired results.
Tax Law Change Risk – Changes in tax laws or regulations, or interpretations thereof in the
future, could adversely affect the portfolio or the MLPs and Energy Infrastructure Companies in
which the portfolio invests. Any such changes could negatively impact the portfolio. Legislation
could also negatively impact the amount and tax characterization of distributions received by the
client.
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BA/Dollar Roll Risk – Although the securities that are delivered in TBA transactions must meet
certain standards, there is a risk that the actual securities received by the Account may be less
favorable than what was anticipated when entering into the transaction. Default by or bankruptcy
of a counterparty to a TBA transaction would expose the Account to possible loss because of
adverse market action, expenses or delays in connection with the purchase or sale of the pools of
mortgage pass-through securities specified in the TBA transaction. Whether or not the Account
takes delivery of the securities at the termination date of a TBA transaction, it will nonetheless be
exposed to changes in the value of the underlying investments during the term of the agreement.
Also, the Account’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs are increased when the Account
enters into dollar roll transactions.
U.S. Government Securities Risk – Investments in U.S. government obligations may include
securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, or its agencies
or instrumentalities. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. government obligations may be
backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or
guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government
would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government
sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so. In addition, U.S. government securities
are not guaranteed against price movements due to changing interest rates.
Volatility Risk: The account may have investments that appreciate or decrease significantly in
value over short periods of time. This may cause the account’s value to experience significant
appreciations or decreases in value over short periods of time.
Warrants Risk – Warrants are instruments that entitle the holder to buy an equity security at a
specific price for a specific period of time. Warrants may be more speculative than other types of
investments. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security,
and an investment in a warrant may offer greater potential for capital loss than an investment in
the underlying security. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration
date.
Item 9 - Disciplinary Information
Westwood and its management persons have not been involved in any disciplinary events.
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Westwood has three affiliated SEC-registered investment advisers: Westwood Advisors, L.L.C.;
Salient Advisors, LP and Broadmark Asset Management, LLC. In addition, Westwood is also
affiliated with Westwood Trust, a trust company chartered by the Texas Department of Banking,
and Salient Capital, LP, a registered broker-dealer. Each of these affiliates is, except for Broadmark
Asset Management, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Westwood’s parent company, WHG.
WHG owns approximately 80% of Broadmark Asset Management, LLC. Westwood is the
investment adviser for the Westwood Funds family of mutual funds.
Westwood Trust provides trust and fiduciaries services including investment management to its
trust clients and uses commingled common trust funds and collective investment trusts
(“Westwood Trust Commingled Funds”) to do so. Westwood has a sub-advisory agreement with
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Westwood Trust pursuant to which Westwood serves as a sub-advisor to some of the Westwood
Trust Commingled Funds.
Salient Advisors, L.P. is the investment adviser to the Westwood Salient Tactical Plus Fund for
which Broadmark Asset Management, LLC acts as investment sub-adviser of which Westwood
Holdings Group, Inc owns approximately 79% of the equity. Salient Advisors, L.P. is registered
as a Commodity Pool Operator with the National Futures Association (“NFA”) and U.S.
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). Broadmark Asset Management, LLC, is
registered as a Commodity Trading Advisor with the NFA and CFTC.
Westwood Advisors, LLC serves as the investment advisor to the Salient MLP Total Return Fund
and the Salient MLP Total Return TE Fund and has delegated investment management
responsibilities to Westwood. WHG PF Holdco, LLC, a direct and wholly-owned subsidiary of
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., is general partner of each of these funds. Clients are solicited to
invest in the Salient MLP Total Return Fund and the Salient MLP Total Return TE Fund.
Westwood’s strategies are also available to managed accounts established for clients of Westwood
Advisors.
Certain Westwood employees are licensed as Registered Representatives of Salient Capital, L.P.,
a registered broker-dealer and wholly owned subsidiary of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.
Employees who are licensed as Registered Representatives of either Foreside Fund Services, LLC
or Salient Capital, L.P. receive sales compensation for investments in the Westwood Funds, in
Westwood affiliated private funds and third party private funds.
Salient Capital, LP is an SEC-registered broker-dealer and FINRA member. Certain Westwood
employees are also registered representatives of Salient Capital and engage in sales activities with
respect to the Westwood Funds, Westwood affiliated private funds and third party private funds.
Salient Capital acts as the distributor for the affiliated private funds Salient MLP Total Return
Fund and the Salient MLP Total Return TE Fund as well as a placement agent for other unaffiliated
private funds.
WHG GP Holdco, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. and is
the general partner of both Salient Capital, LP and Salient Advisors, LP.
Westwood makes limited use of swaps, futures and other derivatives in its Alternative Income
Strategy and potentially other Multi Asset Strategies. Westwood relies on available regulatory
exemptions from registration with the U.S. Commodities Futures and Trading Commission and
National Futures Associations as a Commodity Trading Advisor.
Broadmark Asset Management, LLC is an SEC-registered investment adviser and CFTC-
registered commodity trading advisor. Broadmark acts as sub-adviser to Westwood or Salient
Advisors for certain of the Westwood Funds as well as to other investment advisory clients whose
accounts are managed in the Tactical Growth strategies. Broadmark is based in Dallas, Texas and
San Francisco, California.
The Salient Zarvona Energy Fund GP, LP is an SEC-registered investment adviser and joint
venture owned 50% by Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. and 50% by Zarvona Energy, LP. The
Salient Zarvona Energy Fund GP, LP is the investment adviser and sponsor to certain private funds
managed by Zarvona Energy and its affiliates. Neither Westwood nor any of its affiliates provide
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investment advice for these funds. Certain Westwood employees are members of the investment
committee of the Salient Zarvona Energy Fund GP.
Clients are Solicited to Invest in Affiliated Partnerships: Affiliated persons of Westwood are
members of the general partner of various private investment vehicles (as discussed above) and
affiliated advisers, which themselves manage other registered investment companies and private
pooled investment vehicles. Certain clients of Westwood are solicited to invest (by the affiliated
persons) in such other registered investment companies or private pooled investment vehicles. In
such instances, our affiliated advisers and/or affiliated persons of Westwood may receive
additional compensation.
Energy Investment Team Revenue Sharing Program: Westwood has established a revenue share
program in which Westwood’s Energy investment team shares a portion of revenue received by
Westwood and its affiliates across all investment products and services. This revenue includes
investment management fees and performance fees received through investment advisory affiliates
carried interest from affiliated private funds as well as placement fees and other brokerage fees
received by Salient Capital, LP for third party private fund investments.
Westwood Sales Bonus Compensation Program: Westwood compensates its sales employees
through a sales compensation program that is based on a combination of new sales and ongoing
revenue received by Westwood and its affiliates across all investment products and services. New
sales typically included new advisory assets and also sales of affiliated mutual funds, affiliated
private funds and unaffiliated private funds.
Clients should be aware that the receipt of additional compensation itself creates a conflict of
interest and may affect the judgment of Westwood and these individuals when making
recommendations and when determining when and how to provide portfolio management services.
Further, more detailed disclosure of such conflicts of interest is contained in Part 2A of Form ADV
of the relevant adviser affiliate and the Private Placement Memorandum of the relevant fund or
other fund disclosure materials, if applicable.
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
Westwood has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) pursuant to SEC Rule 204A-1 expressing
the firm’s commitment to ethical conduct. The Code of Ethics is applicable to all employees of
WHG and its subsidiaries and is administered on a group-wide basis. The Code is based on the
principle that the officers, directors and employees of Westwood owe a fiduciary duty to clients to
conduct their personal securities transactions in a manner that does not interfere with client
portfolio transactions or otherwise take advantage of their relationship with clients, and which
reflects the principle referenced above. The Code of Ethics requires employees to pre-clear all
personal securities transactions (with certain exceptions described below), political contributions,
and outside business activities, and to report gifts and entertainment through the Chief Compliance
Officer (CCO).
The Code generally requires employees to pre-clear their personal securities transactions.
However, pre-clearance is not required for: (a) participation in an ongoing automatic investment
plan or an issuer’s dividend reinvestment or stock purchase plan, (b) participation in any
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transaction over which the employee had no influence or control (mergers, inheritances, gifts, etc.),
(c) share of registered open-end investment companies other than shares of investment companies
advised or sub-advised by Westwood or its affiliates.
The Code generally prohibits Westwood employees from purchasing or selling individual
securities for their own account that are owned in a Westwood strategy, with a limited exception
for de minimis trades. For purposes of the Code, Westwood strategies do not include Custom Asset
Allocation accounts The exception allows employees to personally transact in securities that are
owned in a Westwood strategy, , if the security has a market cap greater than $5 billion and the
value of the trade is no more than $10,000 or 100 shares, whichever is larger. Employees limited
to a maximum of three such de minimis trades per month; de minimis bond trades may be
consolidated within a calendar month, with approval. While allowing Westwood employees the
ability to transact in individual securities that are owned in Westwood strategy has the potential to
create a conflict of interest for Westwood clients, Westwood actively addresses the conflict
through the use of the above referenced de minimis trading rule as well as enforcing a minimum
holding period for employees. Employees who purchase a security under the de minimis exception
are prohibited from selling that security for a profit within 60-days of purchasing the security. The
Code provides for “black-out periods” during which employees may not purchase or sell a stock
that Westwood is in the process of purchasing or selling for Westwood strategies unless such trade
qualifies for the de minimis exception. To monitor compliance with its Code of Ethics, the firm’s
CCO receives duplicate brokerage statements and transaction confirmations for every employee
with personal brokerage accounts, and all employees must certify on a quarterly basis that they
have reported all relevant securities transactions in compliance with the Code of Ethics. The firm’s
Compliance department reviews all pre-clearance requests, all initial, quarterly and annual
disclosure certifications and the trading activities on behalf of all Westwood Strategies with a view
to ensuring that all employees are complying with the Code. The Compliance department reviews
confirmations from brokers to assure that all transactions effected for employees are effected in
compliance with the Code.
The Code also requires certain employees to obtain pre-clearance for all political contributions and
outside business activities. The firm’s CCO must approve any political contribution before it is
made and any outside business activity before the employee has engaged in such activity. On an
annual basis, employees must submit disclosure certifications regarding their political
contributions and outside business activities.
The Code prohibits employees from accepting or giving any gift or other item valued at more than
$100 from any client, competitor, or any person or entity that does business with or on behalf of
any client. Employees also must report any gift or other item that is given to any client, competitor,
vendor or any person or entity that does business with or on behalf of any client. In addition,
employees must report accepted offers of entertainment from all such persons or entities. The Code
requires employees to certify quarterly that they have reported all gifts and entertainment.
The Code permits the CCO to delegate duties under the Code to other members of the Legal and
Compliance department.
Westwood also has an Insider Trading Policy that, along with the Code of Ethics, prohibits the use
of material non-public information in a personal or professional capacity. Westwood requires that
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all employees act in compliance with all applicable Federal and State regulations governing
registered investment advisory practices. Any employee not in observance of the above may be
subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination. Throughout the year, Westwood’s
Legal and Compliance department is responsible for, among other things, reviewing employee
accounts, personal trading, Code of Ethics exceptions, and employee and director transactions of
WHG stock.
Upon request, Westwood will provide a complete copy of its Code of Ethics to any client or
prospective client. Clients can submit requests by contacting their Westwood representative or the
firm’s CCO. It is also posted on Westwood’s website.
Westwood does not invest client funds in the securities of its parent company, Westwood Holdings
Group, Inc.
Affiliated Private Funds: Westwood employees may, and often do, invest in affiliated private funds
offered to Westwood clients or to clients of other Westwood affiliated companies, including
Westwood Advisors and Westwood Trust.
Item 12 - Brokerage Practices
Westwood has engaged Northern Trust Integrated Trading Solutions (NTSI) to assume activities
around trade execution, matching, settlement, transaction cost analysis and (where applicable)
foreign exchange transactions on an outsourced basis. Generally, NTSI handles trading for
institutional accounts and some private wealth accounts that do not direct trading to a specific
broker-dealer. Westwood’s internal trading team remains primarily responsible for trading certain
fixed income, convertible securities, and derivative instruments, as well as trading for clients with
directed brokerage arrangements and for wrap and similar separately managed accounts.
Westwood is responsible for overseeing the NTSI trade activity to ensure best execution on behalf
of all our clients, and to maintain compliance with all applicable ethical, legal and
regulatory requirements.
In arranging for the execution of client transactions, Westwood and/or its outsourced trading
partner(s) seeks to obtain best execution at favorable prices on behalf of its clients. The procedures
used to direct client trades to a specific broker incorporate all information that Westwood and/or
its outsourced trading partner(s) deem relevant, including, without limitation:
price of the security;
•
size and difficulty of the order;
•
quality of execution and liquidity services provided by the broker-dealer;
•
commission rates;
•
broker-dealer’s research and investment ideas;
•
broker-dealer’s ability to obtain a timely execution;
•
broker-dealer’s execution policies and commitment to providing best execution;
•
size and volume of the broker-dealer’s order flow;
•
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•
reliability, efficiency, accuracy, integrity of the broker-dealer’s general execution
and operational capabilities; and
financial condition of broker-dealer.
•
Broker Selection
Brokers are chosen based on a best execution basis and on the level of research they provide to the
firm.
On a semiannual basis, Westwood’s research analysts rank the market data resources, research
tools and data feeds they receive based on the value each adds to the analyst and investment
process. The Director of Research, along with the Director of Operations & Trading, will review
the current rankings from the groups, client commission directives, and existing contractual
commitments, as well as approve new trading partners based on their assessment of all of these
inputs.
Westwood has established two committees to oversee trading: the Trade Order Management
Committee (TOMC) and the Trade Outsource Execution Committee:
• The TOMC is responsible for the periodic review of the firm’s brokerage and best
execution practices for trading conducted by Westwood’s in-house and outsourced trading
teams. The TOMC reviews commission rates on a quarterly basis, and periodically reviews
the financial health of brokers. The TOMC is chaired by the Director of Operations &
Trading. Membership includes representatives from Trading, Legal & Compliance,
Performance & Risk Analytics, Operations and others, as needed.
• The Trade Outsource Execution Committee is responsible for the monthly review and
monitoring of NTSI’s trading activity and the transaction cost analysis metrics of such
activity. Membership on the Trade Outsource Execution Committee is made up of
representatives from Trading, Legal & Compliance, Operations, and Northern Trust, and
representatives from Abel Noser (formerly Trade Informatics), the transaction cost analysis
service engaged by Northern Trust, may be present.
Westwood does not choose brokers based on their referral of clients to Westwood. Westwood does
not currently receive any referrals of clients from any of the brokers used for client trading or client
commissions.
Westwood does not direct client trades to Salient Capital, LP.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
Westwood may pay a brokerage commission in excess of that which another broker-dealer may
charge for effecting the same transactions in recognition of the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by or through the broker-dealer, and such commission costs are borne by the
client. Westwood will make a good faith determination that the amount of commissions paid is
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reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided. The brokerage
and research services received by Westwood generally include proprietary or third-party research,
general economic and market information, portfolio strategy advice, industry and company
comments, technical data, evaluations of securities, pricing services, credit research analysis,
general reports, consultations, performance measuring data, on-line pricing, brokerage execution-
related services, and special execution capabilities, newswire and quotation services (e.g., Reuters,
Bloomberg, First Call), and recommendations as to the purchase or sale of securities.
To the extent that certain items have research and non-research components (“mixed-use”),
Westwood allocates commissions for only those portions of the service or product that are research
or execution-related. This analysis is conducted on a case-by-case basis depending upon the total
costs for a service or product and the extent to which the product or service is used by Westwood
for research or brokerage execution-related services.
Westwood may use the products and services received from broker-dealers to service all
Westwood accounts. Thus, not all such services may be used for the benefit of the client that pays
the brokerage commission which procures the receipt of such research or brokerage services.
The use of brokerage commissions to obtain research and brokerage-related products and services
creates a conflict of interest between Westwood and its clients because the clients pay for such
products or services, which may not be exclusively for the benefit of advisory clients and which
may be primarily or exclusively for the benefit of Westwood. To the extent that Westwood is able
to acquire products and services without expending its own resources (including management fees
paid by clients), Westwood’s use of commission sharing arrangements would tend to increase its
profitability. In addition, the availability of these non-monetary benefits may influence Westwood
to select one broker-dealer over another to perform services for clients. Moreover, the use of
“mixed-use” products or services creates a conflict to the extent that Westwood allocates the cost
of the product or service to soft dollars.
Westwood generally will only use commission sharing for brokerage and research related products
and services. Non-brokerage and non-research products and services received by Westwood from
broker-dealers in connection with client trades will be paid for directly by Westwood.
Notwithstanding Westwood’s good faith determination that certain products and services are
research or brokerage-related, Westwood may inadvertently use commissions to pay for non-
brokerage or non-research products or services to the extent that Westwood’s good faith
determination is not accurate.
Westwood intends to use commission sharing only for those products and services that fall within
the safe harbor provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Westwood will provide a commission sharing report to clients upon request. Clients may direct
Westwood as to how to prepare this report.
Directed Brokerage
Westwood permits clients to select brokers to execute securities transactions for the client’s
account (known as “directed brokerage”). If the client elects to direct brokerage transactions to a
particular broker-dealer, Westwood may not be able to aggregate such client’s order with orders
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for other clients. Consequently, Westwood may not be able to obtain best execution for a client
that directs brokerage. Further, a client that directs brokerage may pay higher commissions because
Westwood may not participate in the negotiation of commission rates for those transactions. For
clients that partially direct brokerage to, or otherwise state a preference for, one or more brokers,
Westwood generally establishes a percentage target for trades to direct to such brokers.
Trade Aggregation and Allocation
Pursuant to Westwood’s trade allocation policy, on occasions when Westwood deems the purchase
or sale of a security to be in the best interests of more than one of its clients, Westwood may
aggregate multiple contemporaneous client purchase or sell orders into a block order for execution.
Client accounts for which orders are aggregated receive the average price of such transaction,
which could be higher or lower than the price that would otherwise be paid by a client absent the
aggregation. Any transaction costs incurred in the transaction are shared pro rata based on each
client’s participation in the transaction. In some cases, this procedure could have an adverse effect
on a particular account. In the opinion of Westwood, however, the results of such procedures will,
on the whole, be in the best interests of each of its advisory accounts.
When a decision is made to aggregate orders, Westwood seeks to allocate securities among its
client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. Under Westwood’s trade allocation policy,
securities generally are allocated among client accounts according to each account’s pre-
determined participation in the transaction, as Westwood seeks to allocate transactions before
execution of a block order. However, under certain circumstances, trades may not be allocated
prior to entering the trade order. In such event, Westwood will seek to allocate such orders at the
earliest practicable time.
Pre-allocated and unallocated block trades that are partially filled are generally allocated on the
basis of the relative net assets of the participating accounts. If the aggregate order is partially filled,
Westwood typically will allocate trades on a pro rata basis among the client accounts in proportion
to the contemplated allocation in the written record, which may be subject to rounding to ensure
that each account receives round lots. Where pro rata allocation is not practicable, Westwood will
allocate trades in a fair and equitable manner taking into consideration such factors as:
The investment objective, policies and strategy of the account;
•
•
The appropriateness of the investment to an account’s time horizon and risk
objectives;
•
Existing levels of account ownership in the investment and in similar securities;
and
The immediate availability of cash or buying power to fund the investment.
•
When aggregating trades among client accounts, retail managed account trades cannot be included
in the aggregation due to the separate trading platform used for such accounts. Therefore,
Westwood has chosen to utilize a trade rotation policy.
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Westwood may execute transactions in the same securities on behalf of a number of accounts,
including accounts in which Westwood and/or its officers or employees may have a financial
interest, such as the mutual funds managed by Westwood. Thus, there may be a conflict of interest
to the extent that trades are allocated to accounts in which Westwood or its officers and employees
have a financial interest and are not allocated to other client accounts. These transactions may be
executed separately, or they may be aggregated when, in Westwood’s reasonable judgment,
aggregation may result in an overall economic benefit to those accounts in terms of pricing,
brokerage commissions, or other expenses. Westwood will not aggregate client trades with
proprietary (insider) accounts of Westwood.
In general, trades are allocated among Westwood’s investment strategies on a pro rata basis (to the
extent a portfolio team decides to participate fully in the trade), for further allocation by each
portfolio team across that portfolio’s eligible accounts. Where pro rata allocation is not practicable,
Westwood will seek to make trade allocations consistent with the factors identified above, and in
a fair and equitable manner. Once trades are allocated, they may be reallocated only in unusual
circumstances due to recognition of specific account restrictions.
From time to time, Westwood has access to security distributions during an initial or secondary
public offering (“IPO”). However, Westwood sometimes does not obtain access to a sufficient
number of IPO shares so as to make a material allocation of such shares among all of its client
accounts for which such investments otherwise might be appropriate. Westwood acknowledges
the potential conflicts of interest that could arise in such a situation. For example, an account may
have higher immediately available cash or buying power and be allocated IPO shares in a
preferential manner, an account could be given preference based on the size of the account and the
overall effectiveness of an IPO allocation on the performance of that account, or Westwood or its
officers or employees may have a financial interest in an account and there may be a conflict of
interest to the extent IPOs are allocated to these accounts and not allocated to other client accounts.
To mitigate these potential conflicts of interest, Westwood allocates IPO shares on a pro rata basis
among participating accounts within each investment strategy whose portfolio managers have
elected to participate.
The portfolio managers for each strategy have discretion to determine whether their strategy will
participate in an IPO. In situations where Westwood is not allocating an IPO to all IPO-eligible
strategies, Westwood will document, prior to or at the time of submitting an indication of interest,
which strategies will participate in the IPO, how the decision was made, and why any strategies
were omitted. Reasons for non-participation include, but are not limited to, inappropriate sector or
geographic exposure, inappropriate market capitalization, inappropriate asset class, inappropriate
fit with mandate, insufficient liquidity, or undesirable risk profile for the strategy. Although
Westwood seeks to define reasons for non-participation in its documentation, certain biases may
exist. For example, portfolio managers of a strategy that may be closing imminently may choose
not to participate in an IPO for which the strategy is otherwise eligible, instead limiting
participation in the IPO to other eligible Westwood strategies that will remain open.
Westwood TOMC’s responsibilities include, among others, reviewing the documentation of initial
IPO allocation decisions against final IPO allocations.
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Clients that direct the entirety of their brokerage to a specific broker-dealer, including any wrap
account clients, will not participate in IPO allocations.
Westwood will document each allocation and maintain appropriate books and records.
Step-out Transactions
The Trading Desk has the discretion to employ “step-out” procedures to accommodate all clients
in an aggregated trade in certain thinly traded stocks, or where best execution would be attained
by using a single broker for execution rather than several brokers. In addition, an executing broker
for a block trade may step-out a portion of the aggregated trade to a broker when a client has
directed that trades be executed or settled through that particular broker. In these circumstances, a
broker other than the broker settling a trade may have executed the trade. As a result, clients may
incur additional transaction costs.
Agency or Internal Cross Trading
As a general rule, Westwood prohibits agency or internal cross trades between accounts. If a cross
trade situation was warranted, the investment team would work with the trader, the Legal and
Compliance Department, and the client, when necessary, to ensure that the cross trade was initiated
with no associated broker commissions and in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations
and that the proper contemporaneous documentation was maintained.
Wrap Accounts and Separately Managed Accounts
In wrap account programs and in retail separately managed account programs in which clients pay
an asset-based brokerage fee, Westwood will typically send trades for these accounts to the sponsor
or designated broker for execution.
Item 13 - Review of Accounts
Client reviews are scheduled and structured according to the client’s stated guidelines or in
response to specific client requests. In the absence of guidelines, client meetings are generally
scheduled annually and to a lesser degree, on a semi-annual or quarterly basis. Client reviews
generally involve a meeting between the client and the Westwood relationship manager to review
strategy, objectives, key concerns, and outlooks. The materials reviewed may include, but are not
limited to, monthly and/or quarterly performance numbers, portfolio holdings, and summaries
setting forth asset mix, cash flow and liquidity requirements, specific guidelines and objectives
applicable to the account, and other pertinent matters. In addition to account reviews with the
client, the Portfolio Team formally reviews the portfolio on a weekly basis looking at items such
as recent events, the performance of each holding, and sector and industry metrics versus the
market using a variety of tools including formal attribution analysis. The Portfolio Team also
reviews the portfolio to evaluate changes or additions to the portfolio that might be appropriate.
The Portfolio Team meets informally to monitor the portfolio and its holdings. Westwood has also
established a committee that meets regularly throughout the year to review performance dispersion
for each investment management account. The committee also reviews account guidelines on an
annual basis to ensure they are current and accurate.
Monthly written reports are distributed based upon client request and generally include an asset
statement, performance typically for the month and quarter-to-date, and status of the portfolio. On
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a quarterly basis, Westwood includes all of the above information, as well as an overall review of
results for the quarter, year-to-date, and inception-to-date. Westwood may also include a strategic
forecast, highlighting Westwood’s investment outlook for the capital markets.
Custom Asset Allocation accounts will receive statements that present account valuation and
transactions from the bank or brokerage firm that acts as custodian of their securities. These
statements will be provided as contracted for with the custodian. In most cases, the statements are
provided monthly, but they may be provided quarterly. These clients also receive quarterly reports
from Westwood that present quarter-end valuation, asset allocation, account performance
information, and fees.
Item 14 - Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Placement Arrangements
Westwood has placement arrangements for the Salient MLP Total Return Fund, LP and the Salient
MLP Total Return Fund TE, LP. These arrangements create a conflict of interest because
Westwood has a financial incentive to promote these funds. To address this conflict, Westwood
provides full disclosure of these arrangements to clients and prospective clients, and evaluates fund
recommendations based on the client’s objectives, risk tolerance, liquidity needs, and overall
portfolio suitability, rather than on compensation considerations.
Solicitation Agreements
Westwood has entered into solicitation agreements with third-party firms, including Dakota Funds
Group, LLC and Vigilant Distributors, LLC, under which such firms introduce prospective clients
and financial intermediaries to Westwood. These agreements generally apply to certain SMidCap
Value product offerings, including collective investment trusts, separate accounts, and related
mutual funds. Under these agreements, Westwood pays the solicitor a portion (generally up to
25%) of the advisory fees it earns from referred clients. These arrangements create a conflict of
interest because the solicitor has a financial incentive to recommend Westwood. Clients referred
through these programs do not pay higher fees than clients not referred. All solicitation
arrangements are conducted pursuant to written agreements that require compliance with Rule
206(4)-1 under the Advisers Act.
Westwood Funds Shareholder Servicing Plans and Other Payments
In certain instances, Westwood may invest client assets in the Westwood Funds. When Westwood
does invest client assets in the Westwood Funds, no investment management fee is charged on
those assets. The following disclosures pertain to the clients of the Westwood Funds:
Potential Payments by the Westwood Funds
The Westwood Funds may compensate financial intermediaries for providing a variety of services
to shareholders, which may include record-keeping, transaction processing for shareholders’
accounts, and other shareholder services. Financial intermediaries include affiliated or unaffiliated
brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), trust companies, registered investment
advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators, insurance companies, and any other
institution having a service, administration, or any other similar arrangement with the Funds, their
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service providers, or their respective affiliates. The Funds generally pay financial intermediaries a
fee that is based on the assets of each Fund that are attributable to investments by customers of the
financial intermediary.
Potential Payments by Westwood
From time to time, Westwood and/or its affiliates, in their discretion, may make payments to
certain affiliated or unaffiliated financial intermediaries to compensate them for the costs
associated with distribution, marketing, administration, and shareholder servicing support for the
Funds, to the extent permitted by the SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”)
rules and other applicable laws and regulations. These payments are sometimes characterized as
“revenue sharing” payments, are made out of Westwood’s resources, and are not paid by the Funds.
Any such payments will not change the NAV or price of the Funds’ shares.
Item 15 - Custody
Westwood does not maintain custody of client funds or securities other than through the ability to
debit fees from client accounts. However, an affiliate, Westwood Trust, which is a qualified
custodian, maintain custody of certain common trust funds for which Westwood serves as
subadvisor. Westwood reconciles these common funds monthly and reports any differences to
Westwood Trust personnel for reconciliation. No other accounts managed by Westwood are
custodied at Westwood Trust. In addition, Westwood Advisors, also an affiliate of Westwood, is
the advisor to the Salient MLP Total Return Fund, LP and the Salient MLP Total Return TE Fund,
LP, both private funds managed by Westwood. WHG PF Holdco, LLC, an affiliate of Westwood
is the general partner of each of these funds. Westwood Advisors and WHG PF Holdco, LLC are
deemed to have custody of the assets of the Total Return Funds by virtue of their roles with them.
Custody of Custom Asset Allocation account funds and securities is maintained by a third party
custodian selected by the clients. These clients will receive monthly/quarterly account statements
from both their custodian and Westwood.
Clients should carefully review the statements sent to them by Westwood and compare them with
account statements sent by their custodian.
Item 16 - Investment Discretion
Westwood accepts discretionary authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of its clients
pursuant to a signed investment management agreement and any necessary accompanying
documentation (e.g., board resolutions, list of individuals authorized to direct disbursements and/or
contributions, client’s driver’s license in the case of individuals) and has broad authority to
determine, without specific client approval, the amount and type of securities to be bought and
sold, the broker-dealer to be used, and the commission rate to be paid to such broker-dealer.
Some common limitations on this authority are as follows:
(1) any restrictions or prohibitions as set forth in the client investment guidelines;
(2) the client’s request to direct brokerage to a specific broker dealer, which Westwood would
follow subject to best execution requirements; and
(3) commission rates which are competitively set by the market.
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In wrap fee programs and other retail managed account programs in which clients pay an asset-
based brokerage fee, Westwood typically sends trades to the program sponsor or designated
broker-dealer for execution.
In model portfolio programs, Westwood provides a model update that is consistent with the
corresponding strategy, but the ultimate discretion to implement those models is exercised by the
sponsor or overlay manager.
Westwood offers other non-discretionary services to certain clients on request on a case-by-case
basis.
Item 17 - Voting Client Securities
Westwood typically has authority to vote client securities and has engaged Broadridge Financial
Solutions, Inc. for proxy voting services and Glass Lewis & Co., LLC for proxy research for its
clients. Broadridge is a leading provider to the global financial industry for full-service proxy
support. Glass Lewis provides complete analysis and voting recommendations on all proposals
and is designed to assist investors in mitigating risk and improving long-term value. In most cases,
Westwood agrees with the recommendations of Glass Lewis; however, ballots are reviewed bi-
monthly by Westwood analysts, who may choose to vote differently than Glass Lewis if they
believe it in the best interest of Westwood’s clients.
Westwood maintains complete proxy record keeping files for all clients. These files include a
listing of all proxy material sent on behalf of clients along with individual copies of each response.
Client access to these files can be arranged upon request. A summary of voting will be furnished
upon request.
Westwood will identify any conflicts of interests that exist or are perceived to exist between
Westwood or its employees and the client and/or client holdings. If a material conflict exists,
Westwood will determine whether it is appropriate to inform the affected clients, to give the clients
an opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address the voting issue through other objective
means such as voting in a manner consistent with a predetermined voting policy or the independent
third-party Glass Lewis recommendation. Westwood will maintain a record of the resolution of
any proxy voting conflict of interest.
Clients may request a complete copy of Westwood’s Proxy Voting policies and procedures by
contacting their representative or the firm’s CCO.
Clients can retain the authority to vote their securities, or they can request to receive proxy research
and voting recommendations and can direct Westwood as to how to vote.
Item 18 - Financial Information
Westwood does not require or solicit prepayments of more than $1,200 in fees per client six months
or more in advance.
There is no financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair Westwood’s ability to meet
contractual commitments to clients.
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Westwood has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
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