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Item 1: Cover Page
Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV
Firm Brochure
October 27, 2025
Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC
SEC File No. 801-80364
806 Green Valley Road, Suite 201
Greensboro, NC 27408
phone: 336-496-8961
email: azuraw@zurawfinancialadvisors.com
website: www.ZurawFinancialAdvisors.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Zuraw Financial
Advisors, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at 336-
290-7062. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Registration with the SEC or
state regulatory authority does not imply a certain level of skill or expertise.
Additional information about Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 2: Material Changes
Item 2: Material Changes
This Firm Brochure is our disclosure document prepared according to regulatory requirements
and rules. Consistent with the rules, we will ensure that you receive a summary of any material
changes to this and subsequent Brochures within 120 days of the close of our business fiscal
year. Furthermore, we will provide you with other interim disclosures about material changes as
necessary.
There are no material changes to this Brochure from the last annual update issued on March 5,
2025.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2: Material Changes .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ............................................................................................................................ 8
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ......................................................... 11
Item 7: Types of Clients ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss ................................................. 13
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ........................................................................................................................... 23
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ........................................................................ 24
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................................... 27
Item 13: Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................................... 34
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ........................................................................................ 35
Item 15: Custody .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................................... 37
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................................................ 38
Item 18: Financial Information ................................................................................................................................ 39
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 4: Advisory Business
Item 4: Advisory Business
A. Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC
Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC (“ZFA” and/or “the firm”) is organized as a North Carolina limited
liability company and Ann Zuraw is the sole principal owner. ZFA has been offering investment
advisory services since 2013.
B. Advisory Services Offered
Portfolio Management
At the beginning of a client relationship, ZFA meets with the client, gathers information and
performs research and analysis as necessary to develop the client’s Investment Plan. The
Investment Plan outlines the types of investments ZFA will make on behalf of the client in
order to meet those goals. The Plan will be updated from time to time when requested by the
client, or when determined to be necessary or advisable by ZFA based on updates to the client’s
financial or other circumstances. The Plan is discussed regularly with each client, but is not
necessarily a written document.
In addition, ZFA, pursuant to the terms of its investment advisory agreement with clients, may
engage third-party separate account managers to manage all or a portion of the client’s
portfolio.
For its discretionary asset management services, ZFA receives a limited power of attorney to
effect securities transactions on behalf of its clients that include securities and strategies
described in Item 8 of this brochure.
ZFA’s discretionary asset management services are predicated on the client's investment
objectives, goals, tolerance for risk, and other personal and financial circumstances. ZFA will
analyze each client's current investments, investment objectives, goals, age, time horizon,
financial circumstances, investment experience, investment restrictions and limitations, and risk
tolerance and implement a portfolio consistent with such investment objectives, goals, risk
tolerance and related financial circumstances ZFA’s objective is to review the client’s tax,
financial, and estate planning objectives and goals in connection with the client’s investment
objectives, goals, tolerance for risk, and other personal and financial circumstances and make
appropriate recommendations and implementation decisions. In addition, ZFA may utilize third-
party software to analyze individual security holdings and separate account managers utilized
within the client’s portfolio.
ZFA’s investment advisory services to clients take into account a client's personal financial
circumstances, investment objectives and tolerance for risk (e.g., cash-flow, tax and estate). ZFA’s
engagement with a client will include, as appropriate, the following:
▪ Providing assistance in reviewing the client's current investment portfolio against the
client's personal and financial circumstances as disclosed to ZFA in response to a
questionnaire and/or in discussions with the client and reviewed in meetings with ZFA.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 4: Advisory Business
▪ Analyzing the client's financial circumstances, investment holdings and strategy, and
goals.
▪ Providing assistance in identifying a targeted asset allocation and portfolio design.
▪
Implementing and/or recommending individual equity and fixed income securities,
mutual funds and ETFs.
▪ Providing access to the Advyzon portal where clients will have access to their account
information and performance.
▪ Proposing changes in the client's investment portfolio in consideration of changes in the
client's personal circumstances, investment objectives and tolerance for risk, the
performance record of any of the client's investments, and/or the performance of any
fund retained by the client.
Clients have the right to provide the firm with any reasonable investment restrictions on the
management of their portfolio, which must be in writing and sent to the firm. Clients should
promptly notify the firm in writing of any changes in such restrictions or in the client's personal
financial circumstances, investment objectives, goals and tolerance for risk. ZFA will remind
clients of their obligation to inform the firm of any such changes or any restrictions that should
be imposed on the management of the client’s account. ZFA will also contact clients at least
annually to determine whether there have been any changes in a client's personal financial
circumstances, investment objectives and tolerance for risk.
Retirement Rollovers – Conflicts and Added Fees. Plan participants may be paying little or nothing
for the plan’s investment services. As such, investment management costs are likely to be higher
when engaging an investment adviser for professional investment management. Alternative
courses of action are available to the plan participant: (i) Assuming it is permitted by the Plan,
you can leave your money in your current Plan. (ii) If you have changed employers, you can roll
your assets into the new employer’s Plan, if permissible by your new employer. (iii) You can
establish an IRA R/O and place into a commission-based account at a broker-dealer. (iv) You can
establish an IRA R/O and place into a fee-based advisory account. (v) You can withdraw your
retirement money and pay the taxes and any applicable penalties. Your decision to roll assets
from a qualified plan to a financial professional should be determined by your need for a
desired level of investment services, the associated costs, and access to a diverse range of
investment products that meet your personal risk tolerance and investment objective.
Selection of Other Advisers (Sub-Advisers)
As part of its portfolio management services, ZFA may recommend one or more third-party sub-
advisers to manage all or a portion of the client's investment portfolio. Factors taken into
consideration when making recommendations include, but are not limited to, the sub-adviser’s
performance, investment strategies, methods of analysis, advisory and other fees, assets under
management, and the client's financial objectives and risk tolerance. ZFA would generally retain
authority to hire/fire the sub-adviser and regularly monitors the performance of the sub-adviser
to ensure its management and investment style remain aligned with the client's objectives and
risk tolerance.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 4: Advisory Business
ZFA has sub-advisory agreements with unaffiliated registered investment advisers and platform
providers. ZFA accesses various investment strategies made available through the sub-advisers’
investment platforms. ZFA determines which strategies the client assets are to be invested in,
and thereafter the sub-adviser implements all trades necessary to cause such assets to be
invested in the strategies.
ZFA continuously manages any sub-adviser relationship and regularly monitors the client's
account(s) for performance metrics and adherence to the client's investment objectives. Each
sub-adviser maintains a separate disclosure document that ZFA will provide to the client. The
client should carefully review the sub-adviser's disclosure document for information regarding
fees, risks and investment strategies, and conflicts of interest. The sub-adviser’s fee will be in
addition to the advisory fees charged by ZFA.
Financial Planning
At the outset of each client relationship, ZFA spends time with the client, asking questions,
discussing the client’s investment experience and financial circumstances, and reviewing
options for the client. Based on its reviews, ZFA will develop a financial outline for the client
based on the client’s financial circumstances and goals, and the client’s risk tolerance level (the
“Financial Profile”). The Financial Profile is a reflection of the client’s current financial picture
and a look to the future goals of the client. The Profile is discussed regularly with each client,
but is not necessarily a written document.
ZFA’s financial planning services generally include an analysis of a client’s overall financial
condition and investment needs; an analysis of net worth, asset distribution, asset growth
and cash flow; estate, education, retirement, stock options and other funding needs; asset
allocation strategies; investment portfolio valuation and planning; and a review of life
insurance death benefit needs. These services may also include limited consultations with other
professionals assisting the client, such as the client’s attorney or tax adviser.
Where ZFA provides general consulting services, ZFA will work with the client to prepare an
appropriate summary of the specific project(s) to the extent necessary or advisable under the
circumstances.
C. Client-Tailored Services and Client-Imposed Restrictions
Each client’s account will be managed on the basis of the client’s financial situation and
investment objectives and in accordance with any reasonable restrictions imposed by the client
on the management of the account—for example, restricting the type or amount of security to
be purchased in the portfolio.
D. Wrap Fee Programs
ZFA does not participate in wrap fee programs. (Wrap fee programs offer services for one all-
inclusive fee.)
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 4: Advisory Business
E. Client Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, ZFA managed $444,727,224 on a discretionary basis, and no assets on
a non‐discretionary basis.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
A. Methods of Compensation and Fee Schedule
Portfolio Management & Sub-Adviser Fees
ZFA’s fee for portfolio management services is an asset-based fee calculated as a percentage of
the value of the managed assets according to the Investment Advisory Agreement, Exhibit A Fee
Schedule, which represents the maximum fees for individual services. All fees are negotiable.
ZFA charges a maximum annual fee of 1.00%, which includes ZFA’s advisory fee plus
applicable sub-adviser and platform fees if a sub-adviser is utilized. ZFA generally requires a
minimum account size of $250,000. ZFA may, at its discretion, make exceptions to the foregoing
or negotiate special fee arrangements where ZFA deems it appropriate under the circumstances.
Sub-adviser fees vary depending on the platform and strategy(ies) selected. ZFA has an
economic incentive to recommend those strategies that yield the highest fees to ZFA. While ZFA
prioritizes clients’ best interests, it’s important to be aware of this conflict of interest during the
construction of the client’s investment portfolio. Clients should note that comparable services
may be available elsewhere at more favorable pricing. Clients are encouraged to discuss with
their financial professional the most appropriate tier of services, given the client’s needs and the
applicable cost given the client’s investment goals and objectives.
Asset-based fees are always subject to the investment advisory agreement between the client
and ZFA. Such fees are payable quarterly in advance. The fees will be prorated if the investment
advisory relationship commences otherwise than at the beginning of a calendar month.
Adjustments for significant contributions to a client’s portfolio are prorated for the quarter in
which the change occurs; no adjustments will be made for withdrawals.
The client authorizes the qualified custodian to automatically deduct the fee and all other
charges payable hereunder from the assets in the account when due with such payments to be
reflected on the next account statement sent to the client. If insufficient cash is available to pay
such fees, securities in an amount equal to the balance of unpaid fees will be liquidated to pay
for the unpaid balance. ZFA may modify the fee at any time upon 30 days’ written notice to the
client. In the event the client has an ERISA-governed plan, fee modifications must be approved
in writing by the client.
A client investment advisory agreement may be canceled by either party with 30 days’ prior
written notice. Upon termination, any unearned, prepaid fees will be refunded at the next
quarterly billing cycle. The client has the right to terminate an agreement without penalty within
five business days after entering into the agreement.
Financial Planning & Consulting Fees
Financial planning and general consulting fees will be billed at a fixed fee mutually agreed upon
by the client and ZFA. ZFA will provide the prospective client with an estimate of the fixed
charges prior to finalizing the agreement. The client will be billed directly for such services.
Invoices will be mailed out on a periodic basis reflecting completed work performed. A client
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
financial planning or consulting agreement may be terminated by either party with 10 days’
prior written notice. The agreement will also be terminated immediately upon the termination of
the investment advisory agreement between ZFA and the client. Upon termination, the fees will
be prorated based on the approximate percentage of work completed, and shall become
immediately due and payable; with respect to any fees paid in advance, such prorated portion
shall be refunded to the client. The client has the right to terminate an agreement without
penalty within five business days after entering into the agreement.
The client will receive a full credit for a financial planning fee if: (i) within three months of
entering into the financial planning agreement he/she places $250,000 under management with
the firm, and (ii) the management of such assets lasts for at least one year.
B. Client Payment of Fees
ZFA requires clients to authorize the direct debit of fees from their accounts. Exceptions may be
granted subject to the firm’s consent for clients to be billed directly for our fees. For directly
debited fees, the custodian’s periodic statements will show each fee deduction from the
account. Clients may withdraw this authorization for direct billing of these fees at any time by
notifying us or their custodian in writing.
ZFA will deduct advisory fees directly from the client’s account provided that (i) the client
provides written authorization to the qualified custodian, and (ii) the qualified custodian sends
the client a statement, at least quarterly, indicating all amounts disbursed from the account.
The client is responsible for verifying the accuracy of the fee calculation, as the client’s custodian
will not verify the calculation.
C. Additional Client Fees Charged
All fees paid for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the fees and
expenses charged by exchange-traded funds, mutual funds, separate account managers, broker-
dealers, and custodians retained by clients. Such fees and expenses are described in each
exchange-traded fund and mutual fund’s prospectus, and each separate account manager’s
Form ADV and Brochure and Brochure Supplement or similar disclosure statement, and by any
broker-dealer or custodian retained by the client. Clients are advised to read these materials
carefully before investing. A client using ZFA may be precluded from using certain mutual funds
or separate account managers because they may not be offered by the client's custodian.
Please refer to the Brokerage Practices section (Item 12) for additional information regarding the
firm’s brokerage practices.
D. Prepayment of Client Fees
ZFA generally requires fees to be prepaid on a quarterly basis. ZFA’s fees will either be paid
directly by the client or disbursed to ZFA by the qualified custodian of the client’s investment
accounts, subject to prior written consent of the client. The custodian will deliver directly to the
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
client an account statement, at least quarterly, showing all investment and transaction activity
for the period, including fee disbursements from the account.
A client investment advisory agreement may be canceled by either party with 30 days’ prior
written notice. Upon termination, any unearned, prepaid fees will be refunded at the next
quarterly billing cycle. The client has the right to terminate an agreement without penalty within
five business days after entering into the agreement.
E. External Compensation for the Sale of Securities to Clients
ZFA’s advisory professionals are compensated primarily through a salary and bonus structure.
ZFA is not paid any sales, service or administrative fees for the sale of mutual funds or any other
investment products with respect to managed advisory assets.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
ZFA does not charge performance-based fees and therefore has no economic incentive to
manage clients’ portfolios in any way other than what is in the clients’ best interests and the firm
acting under its fiduciary obligations.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 7: Types of Clients
Item 7: Types of Clients
ZFA serves individuals including high-net-worth individuals, trusts, estates, corporations and
other legal entities. ZFA generally requires a minimum account size of $250,000. Under certain
circumstances and in its sole discretion, ZFA may negotiate such minimums.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
In accordance with the Investment Plan, ZFA primarily invests in ETFs, common stocks, mutual
funds and individual bonds (government, corporate and municipal) for client accounts.
Mutual funds and ETFs are generally evaluated and selected based on a variety of factors,
including, without limitation, past performance, fee structure, portfolio manager, fund
sponsor, overall ratings for safety and returns, and other factors.
In selecting individual stocks for an account, ZFA generally applies traditional fundamental
analysis, which involves a review of the business and financial information about an issuer.
Financial strength ratios, price-to-earnings ratios, dividend yields, and other areas are
commonly reviewed. ZFA may also use stock screening techniques, discounted cash flow
modeling, research databases such as Advyzon, or third-party analyst reports.
Fixed income investments may be used as a strategic investment, as an instrument to fulfill
liquidity or income needs in a portfolio, or to add a component of capital preservation. ZFA may
evaluate and select individual bonds or bond funds based on a number of factors including,
without limitation, rating, yield and duration.
ZFA’s strategic approach is to invest each portfolio in accordance with the plan that has been
developed specifically for each client. This means that the following strategies may be used in
varying combinations over time for a given client, depending upon the client’s individual
circumstances.
▪ Long Term Purchases – securities purchased with the expectation that the value of those
securities will grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year.
▪ Short Term Purchases – securities purchased with the expectation that they will be sold
within a relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage
of the securities’ short term price fluctuations.
Management Risks. While ZFA manages client investment portfolios based on ZFA’s experience,
research and proprietary methods, the value of client investment portfolios will change daily
based on the performance of the underlying securities in which they are invested.
Accordingly, client investment portfolios are subject to the risk that ZFA allocates assets to
asset classes that are adversely affected by unanticipated market movements, and the risk that
ZFA’s specific investment choices could underperform their relevant indexes.
Risk of Loss: While ZFA seeks to diversify clients’ investment portfolios across various asset
classes consistent with their Investment Plans in an effort to reduce risk of loss, all
investment portfolios are subject to risks. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that client
investment portfolios will be able to fully meet their investment objectives and goals, or that
investments will not lose money.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Third-Party Sub-Advisers
ZFA may assist the client in selecting one or more appropriate sub-advisers for all or a portion of
the client’s portfolio. Such sub-advisers will typically manage assets for clients who commit to
the manager a minimum amount of assets established by that sub-adviser—a factor that ZFA
will take into account when recommending sub-advisers to clients. ZFA 's selection process
cannot ensure that sub-advisers will perform as desired, and ZFA will have no control over the
day-to-day operations of any of its selected sub-advisers. ZFA would not necessarily be aware of
certain activities at the underlying sub-advisers level, including without limitation a sub-adviser’s
engaging in unreported risks, investment “style drift,” or even regulatory breaches or fraud.
A description of the criteria to be used in formulating an investment recommendation for sub-
advisers is set forth below.
ZFA has formed relationships with third-party vendors that
▪ provide a technological platform for separate account management
▪ prepare performance reports
▪ perform or distribute research of individual securities
▪ perform billing and certain other administrative tasks
ZFA may utilize additional independent third parties to assist it in recommending and
monitoring sub-advisers to clients as appropriate under the circumstances.
ZFA reviews certain quantitative and qualitative criteria related to managers and to formulate
investment recommendations to its clients. Quantitative criteria may include
▪ performance history of a sub-adviser evaluated against that of its peers and other
benchmarks
▪ analysis of risk-adjusted returns
▪ analysis of the manager’s contribution to the investment return (e.g., manager’s alpha),
standard deviation of returns over specific time periods, sector and style analysis
▪
sub-adviser’s fee structure
▪
relevant portfolio manager’s tenure
Qualitative criteria used in selecting/recommending sub-advisers include the investment
objectives and/or management style and philosophy of a sub-adviser; a sub-adviser’s
consistency of investment style; and employee turnover and efficiency and capacity.
Quantitative and qualitative criteria related to sub-advisers are reviewed by ZFA on a quarterly
basis or such other interval as appropriate under the circumstances. In addition, sub-advisers are
reviewed to determine the extent to which their investments reflect any of the following: efforts
to time the market, engage in portfolio pumping, or evidence style drift such that their
portfolios no longer accurately reflect the particular asset category attributed to the sub-adviser
by ZFA (all negative factors in implementing an asset allocation structure).
ZFA may negotiate reduced account minimum balances and reduced fees with sub-advisers
under various circumstances (e.g., for clients with minimum level of assets committed to the
sub-adviser for specific periods of time, etc.). There can be no assurance that clients will receive
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
any reduced account minimum balances or fees, or that all clients, even if apparently similarly
situated, will receive any reduced account minimum balances or fees available to some other
clients. Also, account minimum balances and fees may significantly differ between clients. Each
client’s individual needs and circumstances will determine portfolio weighting, which can have
an impact on fees given the sub-advisers utilized. ZFA will endeavor to obtain equal treatment
for its clients with sub-advisers, but cannot assure equal treatment.
ZFA will regularly review the activities of sub-advisers utilized for the client. Clients that engage
sub-advisers should first review and understand the disclosure documents of those sub-advisers,
which contain information relevant to such retention or investment, including information on
the methodology used to analyze securities, investment strategies, fees, and conflicts of interest.
Material Risks of Investment Instruments
ZFA typically invests in open-end mutual funds and exchange-traded funds for the vast majority
of its clients. However, for certain clients, ZFA may effect transactions in the following types of
securities:
▪ Equity securities
▪ Mutual fund securities
▪ Exchange-traded funds
▪ Fixed income securities
▪ Corporate debt securities, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit
▪ Municipal securities
▪ U.S. government securities
▪ Corporate debt obligations
▪ Preferred Securities
▪ Convertible Securities
▪ Structured Products
Equity Securities
Investing in individual companies involves inherent risk. The major risks relate to the
company’s capitalization, quality of the company’s management, quality and cost of the
company’s services, the company’s ability to manage costs, efficiencies in the manufacturing
or service delivery process, management of litigation risk, and the company’s ability to create
shareholder value (i.e., increase the value of the company’s stock price). Foreign securities, in
addition to the general risks of equity securities, have geopolitical risk, financial transparency
risk, currency risk, regulatory risk and liquidity risk.
Mutual Fund Securities
Investing in mutual funds carries inherent risk. The major risks of investing in a mutual fund
include the quality and experience of the portfolio management team and its ability to create
fund value by investing in securities that have positive growth, the amount of individual
company diversification, the type and amount of industry diversification, and the type and
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
amount of sector diversification within specific industries. In addition, mutual funds tend to be
tax inefficient and therefore investors may pay capital gains taxes on fund investments while
not having yet sold the fund.
ZFA recommends portfolios consisting of mutual funds offered by Dimensional Fund Advisors
(“DFA”). The DFA portfolios are a blend of DFA mutual funds that provide exposure to publicly
traded stocks, bonds, and cash/equivalent investments. DFA mutual funds follow a passive
asset class investment philosophy with low holdings turnover. DFA provides historical market
analysis, risk/return analysis, and continuing education to ZFA. This analysis considers the
characteristics of the overall model portfolio rather than each fund in isolation. Model
portfolios have been constructed for the following objectives: balanced, growth with income,
and aggressive growth.
Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”)
ETFs are investment companies whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange.
An ETF holds a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index.
Some examples of ETFs are SPDRs®, NASDAQ 100 Index Tracking StockSM (“QQQs SM”)
iShares® and VIPERs®. The funds could purchase an ETF to gain exposure to a portion of the
U.S. or foreign market. The funds, as a shareholder of another investment company, will bear
their pro-rata portion of the other investment company’s advisory fee and other expenses, in
addition to their own expenses.
Investing in ETFs involves risk. Specifically, ETFs, depending on the underlying portfolio and its
size, can have wide price (bid and ask) spreads, thus diluting or negating any upward price
movement of the ETF or enhancing any downward price movement. Also, ETFs require more
frequent portfolio reporting by regulators and are thereby more susceptible to actions by
hedge funds that could have a negative impact on the price of the ETF. Certain ETFs may
employ leverage, which creates additional volatility and price risk depending on the amount of
leverage utilized, the collateral and the liquidity of the supporting collateral.
Further, the use of leverage (i.e., employing the use of margin) generally results in additional
interest costs to the ETF. Certain ETFs are highly leveraged and therefore have additional
volatility and liquidity risk. Volatility and liquidity can severely and negatively impact the price
of the ETF’s underlying portfolio securities, thereby causing significant price fluctuations of the
ETF.
Fixed Income Securities
Fixed income securities carry additional risks than those of equity securities described above.
These risks include the company’s ability to retire its debt at maturity, the current interest rate
environment, the coupon interest rate promised to bondholders, legal constraints,
jurisdictional risk (U.S or foreign) and currency risk. If bonds have maturities of ten years or
greater, they will likely have greater price swings when interest rates move up or down. The
shorter the maturity the less volatile the price swings. Foreign bonds have liquidity and
currency risk.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Corporate Debt, Commercial Paper and Certificates of Deposit
Fixed income securities carry additional risks than those of equity securities described above.
These risks include the company’s ability to retire its debt at maturity, the current interest rate
environment, the coupon interest rate promised to bondholders, legal constraints,
jurisdictional risk (U.S or foreign) and currency risk. If bonds have maturities of ten years or
greater, they will likely have greater price swings when interest rates move up or down. The
shorter the maturity the less volatile the price swings. Foreign bonds also have liquidity and
currency risk.
Commercial paper and certificates of deposit are generally considered safe instruments,
although they are subject to the level of general interest rates, the credit quality of the issuing
bank and the length of maturity. With respect to certificates of deposit, depending on the
length of maturity there can be prepayment penalties if the client needs to convert the
certificate of deposit to cash prior to maturity.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities carry additional risks than those of corporate and bank-sponsored debt
securities described above. These risks include the municipality’s ability to raise additional tax
revenue or other revenue (in the event the bonds are revenue bonds) to pay interest on its
debt and to retire its debt at maturity. Municipal bonds are generally tax free at the federal
level, but may be taxable in individual states other than the state in which both the investor
and municipal issuer is domiciled.
U.S. Government Securities
U.S. government securities include securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and by U.S.
government agencies and instrumentalities. U.S. government securities may be supported by
the full faith and credit of the United States.
Corporate Debt Obligations
Corporate debt obligations include corporate bonds, debentures, notes, commercial paper
and other similar corporate debt instruments. Companies use these instruments to borrow
money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest and must
repay the amount borrowed at maturity. Commercial paper (short-term unsecured promissory
notes) is issued by companies to finance their current obligations and normally has a maturity
of less than nine months. In addition, the firm may also invest in corporate debt securities
registered and sold in the United States by foreign issuers (Yankee bonds) and those sold
outside the U.S. by foreign or U.S. issuers (Eurobonds).
Preferred Securities
Preferred securities typically are considered to be between standard debt and equity in the
capital structure, and can have both bond-like and stock-like qualities. They are generally
subject to both types of risks, including interest rate, credit, and prepayment or call risk, as
well as deferral or omission of distributions, subordination to bonds and more senior debt,
and limited voting rights. Because the preferred securities market is comprised primarily of
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
securities issued by companies in the financial services industry, these securities may have
greater industry-specific risk and changing tax treatments. Furthermore, certain preferred
securities have a fixed-to-floating rate structure, meaning that they pay a fixed coupon rate for
a specified period of time and then convert to a floating rate coupon for the duration of the
issuance or until the security is called. The dividend rate on fixed-to-floating rate preferred
securities may be more susceptible to decline when interest rates are falling. A secondary risk
associated with declining interest rates is the risk that income earned by an account on
floating rate securities may decline due to lower coupon payments on the floating-rate
securities.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities are subject to the risks of stocks when the underlying stock price is high
relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion
feature) and debt securities when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion
price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible security is not as sensitive
to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt security, and generally have less
potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock. Interest-rate movements may affect the
share price and yield. Bond prices generally move in the opposite direction of interest
rates. As such, as the price of bonds adjust to a rise in interest rates, the bonds share price
may decline.
Structured Products
Structured notes are fixed income securities that are issued by financial institutions with
returns that are linked to or based on, among other things, equity indices, a single equity
security, a basket of equity securities, interest rates, commodities, debt securities, exchange
traded funds, and/or foreign currencies (a “Structured Note”). The security, asset, or index on
which a Structured Note is based is often called the “Reference Instrument.” Structured Notes
have a fixed maturity date and include two components – a bond component and an
embedded derivative. While some Structured Notes offer substantial protection of invested
principal, others offer limited or no principal protection.
The embedded derivatives within Structured Notes adjust the note's risk/return profile by
including additional modifying structures that can increase potential returns. The return
performance of a Structured Note typically tracks the return profile of the underlying debt
obligation and the derivative that is embedded within it. Instead of simply paying straight
fixed or floating interest, Structured Notes can offer interest payments that are tailored to
specific indices and/or rates. The derivative securities that are embedded in the Structured
Note can also positively or negatively affect the redemption value and final maturity of the
security.
Depending on complexity, risk profile, and numerous other factors, Structured Notes often pay
interest or coupon rates that are above the prevailing market rate. Many Structured Notes cap
or limit the amount of upside participation in the Reference Instrument or underlying asset,
particularly in cases where the Structured Note offers principal protection or pays interest that
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
is above-market. Structured Notes are typically issued by investment banks or their affiliates,
and feature a fixed maturity date.
Structured Notes are not suitable for everyone. All investors assume full credit risk of the
security’s issuer and/or guarantor. This means that the investor may lose all the monies
invested, including all initial amounts invested as principal protection may not apply, if the
issuer and/or the guarantor become insolvent or fail in any way.
Each Structured Note involves varying degrees of risk and unique suitability issues that
investors must consider before investing in such securities. Structured Notes involve important
legal and tax consequences and investment risks, which each investor should discuss with
qualified financial, accounting, and tax advisors regarding the suitability of the specific
Structured Note in light of each investor’s particular circumstances.
Understanding the Risk Factors. Before investing in any Structured Note security, it is important
that you read the pricing supplement, accompanying prospectus, and prospectus supplements
to ensure that you understand the risks associated with the specific Structured Note that you
are purchasing.
Payment terms vary significantly for each Structured Note depending on the structure and
component of the specific security. While some Structured Notes may pay interest prior to
liquidation, others may include payments only upon maturity. Additionally, rates of return vary
based on many factors, including the performance of the underlying securities, assets, indices,
and/or commodities.
Unless a Structured Note is specifically stated to be 100% principal protected or FDIC insured,
some or all of your invested principal may be at risk. The return of your principal is guaranteed
only to the extent specified in the specific offering terms for the Structured Note security you
are purchasing, and is specifically subject to the credit and creditworthiness of the issuer and
the underwriter. If there is a negative return on the underlying security or Reference
Instrument, then you may receive an amount that is less than your invested principal at
maturity and you could lose up to the percentage indicated in your initial investment terms. In
some cases, you may end up owning the underlying security at a price that is lower than the
original purchase price.
As discussed in the risk factor explanation below, you are also advised that, in cases where the
return on the underlying securities is positive, payment may be limited if the structure includes
a cap on the percentage return for the underlying security or depending on how the
percentage increase for the underlying security is calculated as of the determination date. You
are also advised that it may be difficult to sell or liquidate the Structured Note or underlying
security as there may be little or no secondary market for such securities, and independent
market pricing may be limited or unavailable and market values may vary based on a variety of
factors affecting the underlying securities or assets. Such factors may include, among other
things: time to maturity; appreciation or depreciation of underlying securities; market volatility;
interest rate fluctuations; and myriad other events that that may positively or negatively affect
the value of underlying securities, indices, or assets.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Issuance price and note value. The price you will pay for a Structured Note at the time of
issuance will often be higher than the fair market value of the Structured Note on the date of
issuance. The cover page of the offering prospectus discloses the issuer’s estimated value of
the Structured Note in order to enable you to note the difference between the issuance price
and the issuer’s estimated value of the note. The issuance price of the note is typically higher
than the estimated market value of the note because issuers include in the initial price the
costs for selling, structuring, and/or hedging their exposure on the note. Additionally,
Structured Notes often may not be resold on a daily basis, which makes it difficult to value
them, particularly given their complexity as compared to other financial products.
Liquidity. With the exception of Exchange Traded Notes (“ETNs”), Structured Notes are
typically not listed on any national securities exchange and can be difficult to sell, trade, or
liquidate, especially in any large quantity or within any limited period of time. Although some
Structured Notes are listed on national securities exchanges, such securities are often thinly
traded and difficult to sell, trade, or liquidate. As a result, the issuing financial institution’s
broker-dealer affiliate or the broker-dealer distributor of the note may be the only potential
buyers for your Structured Note, and many issuers often specifically disclaim their intention to
repurchase or make markets in the notes that they issue. If you choose to invest in a
Structured Note, you must be prepared to hold the note until it reaches the maturity date, or
bear the risk of selling the note at a discount to its value at the time of sale.
Payoff structure. Structured Notes often have complicated payoff structures that make it
difficult to accurately assess their value, risk, and growth potential over the term of the note. It
can be complex to determine each note’s performance, as the payoff structures and features
vary considerably among different notes. For example, payoff structures may be leveraged,
inverse, or inverse-leveraged, which can result in larger returns or losses for the investor. You
should review the prospectus and pricing supplements carefully for each Structured Note to
ensure that you thoroughly understand how the payoff on each note will be calculated. For
example, the payoff on Structured Notes can depend on:
Participation rates. Many Structured Notes provide a minimum payoff of the invested principal
plus an additional payoff amount to the investor. This is calculated by multiplying the increase
in the Reference Instrument by a fixed percentage, which is often called the “participation
rate.” The participation rate determines how much of the increase in the Reference Instrument
will be paid to you a purchaser of the Structured Note.
Capped maximum returns. Some Structured Notes provide payments that are linked to a
Reference Instrument with a leveraged or enhanced participation rate, but the payoff amount
is capped at a pre-set maximum payoff amount. This means that the investor does not
participate in any increase in the Reference Instrument above the maximum payoff level.
Knock-in feature. Structured Notes often include a pre-specified threshold for the Reference
Instrument that is called a knock-in feature (also known as a barrier or trigger) that affects the
payout return on the note. If the Reference Instrument falls below a pre-specified level during
the term of the note, you could lose some or all of your principal investment at maturity. You
could also lose the coupon payments scheduled throughout the term of the note.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
Credit Rating. While many Structured Notes, Reference Instruments, and underlying securities
may be assigned a credit rating from a national rating organization, many Structured Notes
and underlying securities have no credit rating. To the extent that a particular credit rating
may pertain to the creditworthiness of the issuer, it is not necessarily indicative of the risk
associated with a specific Structured Note or Reference Instrument, index, or asset. The
presentation of a credit rating in relation to any Structured Note or underlying security may
not indicate or reflect the safety of the principal invested or the potential investment returns
associated with the investment. Such credit ratings may not affect or enhance the likely
performance of the Structured Note investment.
Tax
. The Structured Note investment may be treated as a “contingent payment debt
instrument” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Consequently, even in cases where any
accrued interest is not payable until maturity, investors may be required to accrue such
interest as ordinary income based on the “comparable yield” of the underlying securities as
determined by the underwriter. ZFA strongly recommends that you consult your tax advisor
regarding such tax treatment and implications prior to purchasing any Structured Note
security.
B. Investment Strategy and Method of Analysis Material Risks
Our investment strategy is custom-tailored to the client’s goals, investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and personal and financial circumstances.
Margin Leverage
Although ZFA, as a general business practice, does not utilize leverage, there may be instances
in which exchange-traded funds, other separate account managers and, in very limited
circumstances, ZFA will utilize leverage. In this regard please review the following:
The use of margin leverage enhances the overall risk of investment gain and loss to the client’s
investment portfolio. For example, investors are able to control $2 of a security for $1. So if the
price of a security rises by $1, the investor earns a 100% return on their investment. Conversely,
if the security declines by $.50, then the investor loses 50% of their investment.
The use of margin leverage entails borrowing, which results in additional interest costs to the
investor.
Broker-dealers who carry customer accounts require a minimum equity requirement when
clients utilize margin leverage. The minimum equity requirement is stated as a percentage of the
value of the underlying collateral security with an absolute minimum dollar requirement. For
example, if the price of a security declines in value to the point where the excess equity used to
satisfy the minimum requirement dissipates, the broker-dealer will require the client to deposit
additional collateral to the account in the form of cash or marketable securities. A deposit of
securities to the account will require a larger deposit, as the security being deposited is included
in the computation of the minimum equity requirement. In addition, when leverage is utilized
and the client needs to withdraw cash, the client must sell a disproportionate amount of
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss
collateral securities to release enough cash to satisfy the withdrawal amount based upon similar
reasoning as cited above.
Regulations concerning the use of margin leverage are established by the Federal Reserve Board
and vary if the client’s account is held at a broker-dealer versus a bank custodian. Broker-dealers
and bank custodians may apply more stringent rules as they deem necessary.
Short-Term Trading
Although ZFA, as a general business practice, does not utilize short-term trading, there may be
instances in which short-term trading may be necessary or an appropriate strategy. In this
regard, please read the following:
There is an inherent risk for clients who trade frequently in that high-frequency trading creates
substantial transaction costs that in the aggregate could negatively impact account
performance.
C. Security-Specific Material Risks
There is an inherent risk for clients who have their investment portfolios heavily weighted in one
security, one industry or industry sector, one geographic location, one investment manager, one
type of investment instrument (equities versus fixed income). Clients who have diversified
portfolios, as a general rule, incur less volatility and therefore less fluctuation in portfolio value
than those who have concentrated holdings. Concentrated holdings may offer the potential for
higher gain, but also offer the potential for significant loss.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or
disciplinary events that would be material to a client’s evaluation of ZFA or the integrity of
ZFA’s management. ZFA has no disciplinary events to report.
A. Criminal or Civil Actions
There is nothing to report on this item.
B. Administrative Enforcement Proceedings
There is nothing to report on this item.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization Enforcement Proceedings
There is nothing to report on this item.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Broker-Dealer or Representative Registration
Neither ZFA nor its affiliates, employees, or independent contractors are registered broker-
dealers and do not have an application to register pending.
B. Futures or Commodity Registration
Neither ZFA nor its affiliates are registered as a commodity firm, futures commission merchant,
commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor and do not have an application to
register pending.
C. Material Relationships Maintained by this Advisory Business and
Conflicts of Interest
Ann Zuraw co-authored a children’s book with an investment advisory client. Please be advised
that this activity creates a conflict of interest in that Ms. Zuraw may have an economic incentive
to favor this client over other clients. ZFA has policies and procedures in place to ensure the
firm’s advisory personnel act in the best interests of clients and that no client receives more
favorable treatment than other clients.
D. Recommendation or Selection of Other Investment Advisors and
Conflicts of Interest
Although ZFA does not receive any remuneration from advisers, investment managers, or other
service providers that it recommends to clients, the firm engages sub-advisers to manage ZFA
client accounts and receives a portion of the advisory fees charged by ZFA for its investment
management services.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading
A. Code of Ethics Description
In accordance with the Advisers Act, ZFA has adopted policies and procedures designed to
detect and prevent insider trading. In addition, ZFA has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”).
Among other things, the Code includes written procedures governing the conduct of ZFA's
advisory and access persons. The Code also imposes certain reporting obligations on persons
subject to the Code. The Code and applicable securities transactions are monitored by the chief
compliance officer of ZFA. ZFA will send clients a copy of its Code of Ethics upon written
request.
ZFA has policies and procedures in place to ensure that the interests of its clients are given
preference over those of ZFA, its affiliates and its employees. For example, there are policies in
place to prevent the misappropriation of material non-public information, and such other
policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with federal and state securities laws.
B. Investment Recommendations Involving a Material Financial Interest and
Conflicts of Interest
ZFA does not engage in principal trading (i.e., the practice of selling stock to advisory clients
from a firm’s inventory or buying stocks from advisory clients into a firm’s inventory). In
addition, ZFA does not recommend any securities to advisory clients in which it has some
proprietary ownership interest.
C. Advisory Firm Purchase or Sale of Same Securities Recommended to
Clients and Conflicts of Interest
ZFA, its affiliates, employees and their families, trusts, estates, charitable organizations and
retirement plans established by it may purchase or sell the same securities as are purchased or
sold for clients in accordance with its Code of Ethics policies and procedures. The personal
securities transactions by advisory representatives and employees may raise potential conflicts
of interest when they trade in a security that is:
▪ owned by the client, or
▪ considered for purchase or sale for the client.
Such conflict generally refers to the practice of front-running (trading ahead of the client), which
ZFA specifically prohibits. ZFA has adopted policies and procedures that are intended to address
these conflicts of interest. These policies and procedures:
▪
require our advisory representatives and employees to act in the client’s best interest,
▪ prohibit front-running, and
▪ provide for the review of transactions to discover and correct any trades that result in an
advisory representative or employee benefitting at the expense of a client.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Advisory representatives and employees must follow ZFA’s procedures when purchasing or
selling the same securities purchased or sold for the client.
D. Client Securities Recommendations or Trades and Concurrent Advisory
Firm Securities Transactions and Conflicts of Interest
ZFA, its affiliates, employees and their families, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, and
retirement plans established by it may effect securities transactions for their own accounts that
differ from those recommended or effected for other ZFA clients. ZFA will make a reasonable
attempt to trade securities in client accounts at or prior to trading the securities in its affiliate,
corporate, employee or employee-related accounts. Trades executed the same day will likely be
subject to an average pricing calculation (please refer to Item 12.B.3 Order Aggregation). It is the
policy of ZFA to place the clients’ interests above those of ZFA and its employees.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
A. Factors Used to Select Broker-Dealers for Client Transactions
Custodian Recommendations
ZFA may recommend that clients establish brokerage accounts with Schwab Advisor Services
division of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., or with Fidelity Investments (collectively “custodian”),
FINRA registered broker-dealers, members SIPC, to maintain custody of clients’ assets and to
effect trades for their accounts. Although ZFA may recommend that clients establish accounts at
the custodian, it is the client’s decision to custody assets with the custodian. ZFA is
independently owned and operated and not affiliated with custodian. For ZFA client accounts
maintained in its custody, the custodian generally does not charge separately for custody
services but is compensated by account holders through commissions and other transaction-
related or asset-based fees for securities trades that are executed through the custodian or that
settle into custodian accounts.
ZFA considers the financial strength, reputation, operational efficiency, cost, execution capability,
level of customer service, and related factors in recommending broker-dealers or custodians to
advisory clients.
In certain instances and subject to approval by ZFA, ZFA will recommend to clients certain other
broker-dealers and/or custodians based on the needs of the individual client, and taking into
consideration the nature of the services required, the experience of the broker-dealer or
custodian, the cost and quality of the services, and the reputation of the broker-dealer or
custodian. The final determination to engage a broker-dealer or custodian recommended by
ZFA will be made by and in the sole discretion of the client. The client recognizes that broker-
dealers and/or custodians have different cost and fee structures and trade execution capabilities.
As a result, there may be disparities with respect to the cost of services and/or the transaction
prices for securities transactions executed on behalf of the client. Clients are responsible for
assessing the commissions and other costs charged by broker-dealers and/or custodians.
How We Select Brokers/Custodians to Recommend
ZFA seeks to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold client assets and execute
transactions on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available
providers and their services. We consider a wide range of factors, including, among others, the
following:
▪ combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services
(generally without a separate fee for custody)
▪ capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client accounts)
▪ capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers,
check requests, bill payment, etc.)
▪ breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-
traded funds (ETFs), etc.)
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
▪ availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment
decisions
▪ quality of services
▪ competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates,
other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them
▪
reputation, financial strength, and stability of the provider
▪
their prior service to us and our other clients
▪ availability of other products and services that benefit us, as discussed below
Client’s Custody and Brokerage Costs
For client accounts that the firm maintains, the custodian generally does not charge clients
separately for custody services but is compensated by charging commissions or other fees on
trades that it executes or that settle into the custodian’s accounts. The custodian’s commission
rates applicable to the firm’s client accounts were negotiated based on the firm’s commitment
to maintain a certain minimum amount of client assets at the custodian. This commitment
benefits the client because the overall commission rates paid are lower than they would be if
the firm had not made the commitment. In addition to commissions, the custodian charges a
flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or “trade away” fee for each trade that the firm has
executed by a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from the
securities sold are deposited (settled) into the client’s custodian account. These fees are in
addition to the commissions or other compensation the client pays the executing broker-
dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize the client’s trading costs, the firm has the
custodian execute most trades for the account.
Soft Dollar Arrangements
ZFA does not utilize soft dollar arrangements. ZFA does not direct brokerage transactions to
executing brokers for research and brokerage services.
Institutional Trading and Custody Services
The custodian provides ZFA with access to its institutional trading and custody services, which
are typically not available to the custodian’s retail investors. These services generally are
available to independent investment advisors on an unsolicited basis, at no charge to them so
long as a certain minimum amount of the advisor’s clients’ assets are maintained in accounts
at a particular custodian. The custodian’s brokerage services include the execution of securities
transactions, custody, research, and access to mutual funds and other investments that are
otherwise generally available only to institutional investors or would require a significantly
higher minimum initial investment.
Other Products and Services
Custodian also makes available to ZFA other products and services that benefit ZFA but may
not directly benefit its clients’ accounts. Many of these products and services may be used to
service all or some substantial number of ZFA's accounts, including accounts not maintained
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
at custodian. The custodian may also make available to ZFA software and other technology
that
▪ provide access to client account data (such as trade confirmations and account
statements)
▪
facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts
▪ provide research, pricing and other market data
▪
facilitate payment of ZFA’s fees from its clients’ accounts
▪ assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting
The custodian may also offer other services intended to help ZFA manage and further develop
its business enterprise. These services may include
▪ compliance, legal and business consulting
▪ publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
▪ access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance
providers
The custodian may also provide other benefits such as educational events or occasional
business entertainment of ZFA personnel. In evaluating whether to recommend that clients
custody their assets at the custodian, ZFA may take into account the availability of some of the
foregoing products and services and other arrangements as part of the total mix of factors it
considers, and not solely the nature, cost or quality of custody and brokerage services
provided by the custodian, which may create a potential conflict of interest.
Independent Third Parties
The custodian may make available, arrange, and/or pay third-party vendors for the types of
services rendered to ZFA. The custodian may discount or waive fees it would otherwise charge
for some of these services or all or a part of the fees of a third party providing these services
to ZFA.
Additional Compensation Received from Custodians
ZFA may participate in institutional customer programs sponsored by broker-dealers or
custodians. ZFA may recommend these broker-dealers or custodians to clients for custody and
brokerage services. There is no direct link between ZFA’s participation in such programs and
the investment advice it gives to its clients, although ZFA receives economic benefits through
its participation in the programs that are typically not available to retail investors. These
benefits may include the following products and services (provided without cost or at a
discount):
▪ Receipt of duplicate client statements and confirmations
▪ Research-related products and tools
▪ Consulting services
▪ Access to a trading desk serving ZFA participants
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
▪ Access to block trading (which provides the ability to aggregate securities transactions
for execution and then allocate the appropriate shares to client accounts)
▪ The ability to have advisory fees deducted directly from client accounts
▪ Access to an electronic communications network for client order entry and account
information
▪ Access to mutual funds with no transaction fees and to certain institutional money
managers
▪ Discounts on compliance, marketing, research, technology, and practice management
products or services provided to ZFA by third-party vendors
The custodian may also pay for business consulting and professional services received by
ZFA’s related persons, and may pay or reimburse expenses (including travel, lodging, meals
and entertainment expenses for ZFA’s personnel to attend conferences). Some of the products
and services made available by such custodian through its institutional customer programs
may benefit ZFA but may not benefit its client accounts. These products or services may assist
ZFA in managing and administering client accounts, including accounts not maintained at the
custodian as applicable. Other services made available through the programs are intended to
help ZFA manage and further develop its business enterprise. The benefits received by ZFA or
its personnel through participation in these programs do not depend on the amount of
brokerage transactions directed to the broker-dealer.
ZFA also participates in similar institutional advisor programs offered by other independent
broker-dealers or trust companies, and its continued participation may require ZFA to
maintain a predetermined level of assets at such firms. In connection with its participation in
such programs, ZFA will typically receive benefits similar to those listed above, including
research, payments for business consulting and professional services received by ZFA’s related
persons, and reimbursement of expenses (including travel, lodging, meals and entertainment
expenses for ZFA’s personnel to attend conferences sponsored by the broker-dealer or trust
company).
As part of its fiduciary duties to clients, ZFA endeavors at all times to put the interests of its
clients first. Clients should be aware, however, that the receipt of economic benefits by ZFA or
its related persons in and of itself creates a potential conflict of interest and may indirectly
influence ZFA’s recommendation of broker-dealers for custody and brokerage services.
The Firm’s Interest in Custodian Services
The availability of these services from the custodian benefits the firm because the firm does
not have to produce or purchase them. The firm does not have to pay for the custodian’s
services so long as a certain minimum of client assets is kept in accounts at the custodian. This
minimum of client assets may give the firm an incentive to recommend that clients maintain
their accounts with the custodian based on the firm’s interest in receiving the custodian’s
services that benefit the firm’s business rather than based on the client’s interest in receiving
the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of client transactions. This
is a potential conflict of interest. The firm believes, however, that the selection of the custodian
as custodian and broker is in the best interest of clients. It is primarily supported by the scope,
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
quality, and price of the custodian’s services and not the custodian’s services that benefit only
the firm.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
ZFA does not engage in the practice of directing brokerage commissions in exchange for the
referral of advisory clients.
Directed Brokerage
ZFA Recommendations
ZFA typically recommends Schwab or Fidelity as custodian for clients’ funds and securities and
to execute securities transactions on its clients’ behalf.
Client-Directed Brokerage
Occasionally, clients may direct ZFA to use a particular broker-dealer to execute portfolio
transactions for their account or request that certain types of securities not be purchased for
their account. Clients who designate the use of a particular broker-dealer should be aware that
they will lose any possible advantage ZFA derives from aggregating transactions. Such client
trades are typically effected after the trades of clients who have not directed the use of a
particular broker-dealer. ZFA loses the ability to aggregate trades with other ZFA advisory
clients, potentially subjecting the client to inferior trade execution prices as well as higher
commissions.
B. Aggregating Securities Transactions for Client Accounts
Best Execution
ZFA, pursuant to the terms of its investment advisory agreement with clients, has discretionary
authority to determine which securities are to be bought and sold, the amount of such
securities, the executing broker, and the commission rates to be paid to effect such transactions.
ZFA recognizes that the analysis of execution quality involves a number of factors, both
qualitative and quantitative. ZFA will follow a process in an attempt to ensure that it is seeking
to obtain the most favorable execution under the prevailing circumstances when placing client
orders. These factors include but are not limited to the following:
▪ The financial strength, reputation and stability of the broker
▪ The efficiency with which the transaction is effected
▪ The ability to effect prompt and reliable executions at favorable prices (including the
applicable dealer spread or commission, if any)
▪ The availability of the broker to stand ready to effect transactions of varying degrees of
difficulty in the future
▪ The efficiency of error resolution, clearance and settlement
▪ Block trading and positioning capabilities
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
▪ Performance measurement
▪ Online access to computerized data regarding customer accounts
▪ Availability, comprehensiveness, and frequency of brokerage and research services
▪ Commission rates
▪ The economic benefit to the client
▪ Related matters involved in the receipt of brokerage services
Consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities, ZFA seeks to ensure that clients receive best
execution with respect to clients’ transactions by blocking client trades to reduce commissions
and transaction costs. To the best of ZFA’s knowledge, these custodians provide high-quality
execution, and ZFA’s clients do not pay higher transaction costs in return for such execution.
Commission rates and securities transaction fees charged to effect such transactions are
established by the client’s independent custodian and/or broker-dealer. Based upon its own
knowledge of the securities industry, ZFA believes that such commission rates are competitive
within the securities industry. Lower commissions or better execution may be able to be
achieved elsewhere.
Security Allocation
Since ZFA may be managing accounts with similar investment objectives, ZFA may aggregate
orders for securities for such accounts. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or
sold, as well as expenses incurred in the transaction, is made by ZFA in the manner it considers
to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to such accounts.
ZFA’s allocation procedures seek to allocate investment opportunities among clients in the
fairest possible way, taking into account the clients’ best interests. ZFA will follow procedures to
ensure that allocations do not involve a practice of favoring or discriminating against any client
or group of clients. Account performance is never a factor in trade allocations.
ZFA’s advice to certain clients and entities and the action of ZFA for those and other clients are
frequently premised not only on the merits of a particular investment, but also on the suitability
of that investment for the particular client in light of his or her applicable investment objective,
guidelines and circumstances. Thus, any action of ZFA with respect to a particular investment
may, for a particular client, differ or be opposed to the recommendation, advice, or actions of
ZFA to or on behalf of other clients.
Order Aggregation
Orders for the same security entered on behalf of more than one client will generally be
aggregated (i.e., blocked or bunched) subject to the aggregation being in the best interests of
all participating clients. Subsequent orders for the same security entered during the same
trading day may be aggregated with any previously unfilled orders. Subsequent orders may also
be aggregated with filled orders if the market price for the security has not materially changed
and the aggregation does not cause any unintended duration exposure. All clients participating
in each aggregated order will receive the average price and, subject to minimum ticket charges
and possible step outs, pay a pro rata portion of commissions.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
To minimize performance dispersion, “strategy” trades should be aggregated and average
priced. However, when a trade is to be executed for an individual account and the trade is not in
the best interests of other accounts, then the trade will only be performed for that account. This
is true even if ZFA believes that a larger size block trade would lead to best overall price for the
security being transacted.
Allocation of Trades
All allocations will be made prior to the close of business on the trade date. In the event an
order is “partially filled,” the allocation will be made in the best interests of all the clients in the
order, taking into account all relevant factors including, but not limited to, the size of each
client’s allocation, clients’ liquidity needs and previous allocations. In most cases, accounts will
get a pro forma allocation based on the initial allocation. This policy also applies if an order is
“over-filled.”
ZFA acts in accordance with its duty to seek best price and execution and will not continue any
arrangements if ZFA determines that such arrangements are no longer in the best interest of its
clients.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 13: Review of Accounts
Item 13: Review of Accounts
A. Schedule for Periodic Review of Client Accounts or Financial Plans and
Advisory Persons Involved
Managed portfolios are reviewed by Ann Zuraw, ZFA’s Managing Member. Managed portfolios
are reviewed at least quarterly, but may be reviewed more often if requested by the client,
upon receipt of information material to the management of the portfolio, or at any time such
review is deemed necessary or advisable by ZFA. These factors may include but are not limited
to, the following: change in general client circumstances (marriage, divorce, retirement); or
economic, political or market conditions.
Financial planning clients receive their financial plans online and recommendations at the time
service is completed. There are no post-plan reviews unless engaged to do so by the client.
B. Review of Client Accounts on Non-Periodic Basis
ZFA may perform ad hoc reviews on an as-needed basis if there have been material changes in
the client’s investment objectives or risk tolerance, or a material change in how ZFA formulates
investment advice.
C. Content of Client-Provided Reports and Frequency
Through Advyzon, clients will have access to their account information and performance. Clients
will be provided with a unique login and password through which they can access the Advyzon
portal.
The client’s independent custodian provides account statements directly to the client no less
frequently than quarterly. The custodian’s statement is the official record of the client’s securities
account and supersedes any statements or reports created on behalf of the client by ZFA.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. Economic Benefits Provided to the Advisory Firm from External Sources
and Conflicts of Interest
Custodian Benefits
ZFA receives an economic benefit from custodians in the form of the support products and
services they make available to us. These products and services, how they benefit us, and the
related conflicts of interest are described under Item 12: Brokerage Practices. The availability to
us of custodians’ products and services is not based on us giving particular investment advice,
such as buying particular securities for our clients.
Nitrogen “No Platform Fee” Discount Program
ZFA is eligible to participate in Nitrogen’s “No Platform Fee” discount program and may receive
discounts on our technology expense from Nitrogen through our participation in the program.
The receipt of the discounts creates a financial incentive for us to recommend certain exchange-
traded funds, mutual funds, and separately managed portfolios that make us eligible for the
discounts over others that would be in your best interest (such as where they are less expensive
or have better performance). This financial incentive creates a conflict of interest.
B. Advisory Firm Payments for Client Referrals
ZFA does not pay for client referrals.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 15: Custody
Item 15: Custody
ZFA is considered to have custody of client assets for purposes of the Advisers Act for the
following reasons:
▪ The client authorizes us to instruct their custodian to deduct our advisory fees directly
from the client’s account. The custodian maintains actual custody of clients’ assets.
▪ Our authority to direct client requests, utilizing standing instructions, for wire transfer of
funds for first-party money movement and third-party money movement (checks and/or
journals, ACH, Fed-wires). The firm has elected to engage an independent public
accountant to annually conduct a surprise custody exam audit.
Individual advisory clients will receive at least quarterly account statements directly from their
custodian containing a description of all activity, cash balances, and portfolio holdings in their
accounts. Clients are urged to compare the account balance(s) shown on their account
statements to the quarter-end balance(s) on their custodian's monthly statement. The
custodian’s statement is the official record of the account. Private fund investors will receive
fund level statements of all activity, cash balances, and portfolio holdings on a quarterly basis
from their qualified custodian.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients may grant a limited power of attorney to ZFA with respect to trading activity in their
accounts by signing the appropriate custodian limited power of attorney form. In those cases,
ZFA will exercise full discretion as to the nature and type of securities to be purchased and sold,
the amount of securities for such transactions, the executing broker to be used, and the amount
of commissions to be paid. Investment limitations may be designated by the client as outlined in
the investment advisory agreement. In addition, subject to the terms of its investment advisory
agreement, ZFA may be granted discretionary authority for the retention of independent third-
party investment management firms. Investment limitations may be designated by the client as
outlined in the investment advisory agreement. Please see the applicable third-party manager’s
disclosure brochure for detailed information relating to discretionary authority.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Other than for accounts managed by third-party managers or accounts where the client directs
the trading, ZFA will vote proxies for clients utilizing the Broadridge proxy voting platform.
Third-party managers will vote proxies on securities held in their portfolios. ZFA owes certain
fiduciary duties with respect to the voting of proxies. These fiduciary duties include (i) the duty
of care which is required to monitor corporate events and to vote the proxies, and (ii) the duty
of loyalty which is required to vote proxies in a manner consistent with the best interests of the
client and to put the client's interests before its own interests. In keeping with its fiduciary
duties, ZFA has adopted a Proxy Voting Policy, which sets forth policies and procedures
designed to ensure that ZFA votes each client's securities in the best interests of the client.
ZFA will be authorized to act and render any advice with respect to the voting of proxies for
securities held in the client’s account. ZFA will make an independent valuation for each
applicable company held in the client’s account in accordance with its fiduciary obligations as
detailed in this policy. Clients may contact ZFA’s Managing Member for information about how
ZFA voted with respect to any of the securities held in their account.
Except as required by applicable law, ZFA will not be obligated to render advice or take any
action on behalf of the client with respect to assets presently or formerly held in the client’s
account which become the subject of any legal proceedings, including bankruptcies.
From time to time, securities held in the accounts of clients will be the subject of class action
lawsuits. ZFA has no obligation to determine if securities held by the client are subject to a
pending or resolved class action lawsuit. ZFA also has no duty to evaluate a client’s eligibility or
to submit a claim to participate in the proceeds of a securities class action settlement or verdict.
Furthermore, ZFA has no obligation or responsibility to initiate litigation to recover damages on
behalf of clients who may have been injured because of actions, misconduct, or negligence by
corporate management of issuers whose securities are held by clients.
Where ZFA receives written or electronic notice of a class action lawsuit, settlement, or verdict
affecting securities owned by a client, it will forward all notices, proof of claim forms, and other
materials to the client. Electronic mail is acceptable where appropriate and where the client has
authorized contact in this manner.
As a rule, ZFA will vote all proxies relating to a particular proposal the same way for all client
accounts holding the security in accordance with ZFA’s Proxy Voting Policy, unless a client
specifically instructs in writing to vote such client's securities otherwise. When making proxy
voting decisions, ZFA may seek advice or assistance from third-party consultants, such as proxy
voting services or legal counsel. A copy of ZFA’s Proxy Voting Policy will be provided upon
receipt of a written request.
Page 38
Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure
Item 18: Financial Information
Item 18: Financial Information
A. Balance Sheet
ZFA does not require the prepayment of fees of $1200 or more, six months or more in advance,
and as such is not required to file a balance sheet.
B. Financial Conditions Reasonably Likely to Impair Advisory Firm’s Ability
to Meet Commitments to Clients
ZFA does not have any financial issues that would impair its ability to provide services to clients.
C. Bankruptcy Petitions During the Past Ten Years
There is nothing to report on this item.
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Part 2A of Form ADV: Zuraw Financial Advisors, LLC Brochure