← Back to Q2 Wealth Management profile
FIRM BROCHURE
Q2 Wealth Management (CRD 314932), brochure dated October 29, 2026. Text extracted from the firm's SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure.
View firm on SEC ↗ · Current Form ADV (PDF) ↗
October 29, 2026
Q2 Wealth Management LLC
Principal Office Address
1792 Alysheba Way
Suite 150
Lexington, KY 40509
ITEM 1: COVER PAGE
Websites:
October 29, 2026
www.Q2WealthManagement.com
www.Q2Wealth.com
www.linkedin.com/company/q2wealthma
nagement
www.facebook.com/Q2Wealth
Phone (859) 216-2169
Text (859) 407-6355
Fax (859) 687-9463
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Q2
Wealth Management. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure,
please contact us at the phone number listed above. The information in this brochure
has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority. Registration (i.e., “registered
investment advisor”) does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about Q2 Wealth Management (CRD # 314932) is available on
the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Page 1 of 27
October 29, 2026
ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES
The Firm will deliver to each client annually, within 120 days after the end of the Firm’s fiscal year, a current
Brochure, or the summary of material changes to the Brochure. Beyond our annual delivery, we will promptly
provide interim updates to clients if a material change occurs regarding our disciplinary information (Item 9).
Clients and prospective clients can receive the most current Brochure at any time by contacting their
investment adviser representative.
This brochure is dated as of October 29, 2026
Since our last annual update on March 25, 2026, the following material changes have been made to this
Brochure:
▪ Model Portfolios (Item 4): Updated our model table to show "Target" allocations and clarified that
"Active" and "Customizable" models may utilize leveraged/inverse funds and short positions.
▪ Self-Directed Software (Item 4): We added that upon request, we will provide access to self-directed
software to create a projection or document. This tool is provided solely for your independent use and
does not include our oversight, review, or recommendations until you engage those services.
▪ Shorting & Leverage Disclosures (Items 5, 8, & 10): We added specific disclosures detailing the unique
fees (such as Hard to Borrow interest), risks, and potential conflicts of interest associated with utilizing
inverse funds, leveraged products, and direct short selling.
▪ Affiliated Ownership (Item 10): We updated our disclosures to note that our affiliated insurance agency,
Q2 Wealth Insurance LLC, has a passive minority ownership interest in the Firm.
▪ Minimum Household Relationship (Item 7): Changed from "No Account Minimum" to a $250,000
minimum household relationship.
▪ Client Referrals and Other Compensation (Item 14): Disclosed that the Firm may compensate internal
employees and third-party promoters for referring prospective clients, outlining conflicts of interest.
▪ Custodial Benefits (Item 14): We added a disclosure regarding the economic benefits the Firm receives
from our custodians, such as access to institutional trading platforms and technology, and the conflicts
of interest this creates.
▪ Fees and Compensation (Item 5): Disclosed that we may mutually agree upon a fixed fee (not to exceed
2.00% annually) for specific accounts, assets, or the entire portfolio instead of our tiered breakpoint
schedule, along with the associated conflicts of interest and fee negotiability. Also, we are ending invoice
delivery for quarterly management fees, instead relying upon the qualified custodian to deliver account
statements listing the deducted advisory fee.
▪ Mutual Fund Share Class Selection (Item 5): Clarified practices regarding share class selection, noting
preference for lowest-cost No-Transaction-Fee (NTF) share classes to minimize client transaction costs.
▪ Voting Client Securities (Item 17): Disclosed that when an account is allocated to a sub-adviser, clients
may authorize the sub-adviser to vote proxies where offered; otherwise, clients retain proxy voting
responsibility.
▪ Outside Real Estate Activities & Principal Transactions (Items 10 & 11): Disclosed Raymond M. Backers'
ownership and management of a personal real estate company, Aber Point LLC, along with associated
conflicts of interest, and clarified in Item 11.D that our prohibition on principal and agency cross
transactions applies specifically to securities.
Page 2 of 27
October 29, 2026
ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1: Cover Page ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Item 2: Material Changes ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4: Advisory Business ................................................................................................................................................... 5
A. Firm Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
B. Types of Advisory Services ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Investment Management Services ................................................................................................................................ 6
Our Model Portfolios. ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Sub-Adviser Model Portfolios ................................................................................................................................... 7
Third-party Model Portfolios .................................................................................................................................... 7
Variable Annuity or Variable Life Insurance .............................................................................................................. 7
Fixed Indexed Annuity ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Donor-Advised Funds ................................................................................................................................................ 7
529 Plan..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Educational Classes ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Financial Planning & Consulting .................................................................................................................................... 8
Q5 Wealth® ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Disclosures applicable to our services ......................................................................................................................... 10
C. How Services are Tailored to Client Needs .............................................................................................................. 10
D. Wrap Fee Program versus Portfolio Management Program ................................................................................... 10
E. Assets Under Management ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ....................................................................................................................................... 11
A. Advisory Services Compensation Description ......................................................................................................... 11
Investment Management Fee ................................................................................................................................. 11
Financial Planning or Hourly Consulting Fee ........................................................................................................... 11
Educational Class Fee .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Fee Negotiability ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
B. Deduct or Bill Client Fees ......................................................................................................................................... 12
C. Third Party / Custodian Fees / Sub-Adviser fee ....................................................................................................... 13
Mutual Fund Share Class Selection ......................................................................................................................... 13
D. Fee Billing Calculations ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ................................................................................... 15
Item 7: Types of Clients .................................................................................................................................................... 15
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ............................................................................. 15
A. Methods of Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 15
B. Investment Strategies .............................................................................................................................................. 16
C. Risk of Loss ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ............................................................................................ 21
A. Registration as a Broker/Dealer or Broker/Dealer Representative ......................................................................... 21
B. Registration as a Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator ....................................................... 21
C. Relationships Material to this Advisory Business and Possible Conflicts of Interest ............................................... 21
D. Selection of other Advisors ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or interest in client transactions and Personal Trading ....................................... 22
A. Description of Code of Ethics .................................................................................................................................. 22
B. Employee Trading with a Material Financial Interest .............................................................................................. 23
Page 3 of 27
October 29, 2026
C. Investing in the same securities as clients. .............................................................................................................. 23
D. trading securities at or around the same time as clients. ....................................................................................... 23
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ............................................................................................................................................ 23
B. Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits ................................................................................................................. 24
C. Brokerage for Client Referrals ................................................................................................................................. 24
D. Directed Brokerage ................................................................................................................................................. 24
E. Order Aggregation ................................................................................................................................................... 24
F. Trade Error Policy..................................................................................................................................................... 25
Item 13: Review of Accounts ............................................................................................................................................ 25
A. Periodic Reviews ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
B. Other than Periodic Basis ........................................................................................................................................ 25
C. Reports .................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ......................................................................................................... 26
A. other compensation ................................................................................................................................................ 26
B. client referrals ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
Item 15: Custody .............................................................................................................................................................. 26
A. Custodian of Assets ................................................................................................................................................. 26
Item 16: Investment Discretion ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Item 18: Financial Information ......................................................................................................................................... 27
A. Balance Sheet Requirement .................................................................................................................................... 27
B. Financial Condition .................................................................................................................................................. 27
C. Bankruptcy Petition ................................................................................................................................................. 27
Page 4 of 27
October 29, 2026
ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS
A. FIRM DESCRIPTION
ABOUT THE FIRM
Q2 Wealth Management LLC (“Q2”, “Firm”) is an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC). Founded in April 2021, the firm was initially registered with the Kentucky
Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) in October 2021 and transitioned to SEC registration in August
2025. The Firm is principally owned and controlled by Raymond M. Backers, who serves as the Manager.
OUR CLIENTS
We provide financial planning and investment management services to individuals, families, and high-net-
worth clients, as well as their related trusts and businesses.
OUR MISSION & PHILOSOPHY
Our mission is to guide clients through the financial stages both before and after retirement. Central to this
mission is our belief that a successful retirement demands a holistic plan to serve as your financial roadmap,
integrating investment, tax, insurance, and estate planning strategies.
OUR VALUE & APPROACH
We recognize that many investors are not sure what questions to ask to get the answers they need. Our value
lies in acting as your guide, leveraging our knowledge, professional tools, and process to help you make
informed decisions. Central to our approach is maintaining an open dialogue, so we understand you and so
you understand the reasoning behind our strategies.
B. TYPES OF ADVISORY SERVICES
The Firm offers separate advisory services centered on Investment Management and Financial Planning &
Consulting. You can engage one or both services.
The specific nature of our relationship is detailed in a written agreement, either an Investment Advisory
Agreement (IAA) or a Financial Planning & Consulting Agreement (FPA).
SERVICE
TYPE OF FEE
ADVISORY FEE
SUMMARY
Investment Management % of AUM
Account specific advice, portfolio management,
ongoing monitoring, and periodic reviews.
1.35% - 0.50% (Tiered)
Up to 2.00% (Flat)
Financial Planning
Flat Fee
$2,000 per area
One or more areas from our 5 Pillars (Retirement,
Tax, Insurance, Investment, Estate) or Custom.
Hourly Consulting
Hourly Fee $100 - $500 per hour
Advice outside normal management or planning.
Help answering specific questions or assistance with
distinct tasks.
Important Note: This table is a summary provided for your convenience. Please read the remainder of this section for a complete
description of these services and limitations. Please refer to Item 5: Fees and Compensation for a full breakdown of our fee
schedules, prorated billing mechanics, and other costs. For your convenience, here is a helpful way to think about our core services:
1. Investment Management (Execution): This is how we implement a strategy, trade, and monitor your accounts.
2. Financial Planning (Preparation): This is how we build your roadmap to reach your goals.
3. Hourly Consulting (Targeted): This is how we answer certain questions you have or assist with certain tasks.
Page 5 of 27
October 29, 2026
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Our investment management services focus on building and managing portfolios designed to meet your
specific risk tolerance, objectives, and time horizon. These are offered on either a discretionary or non-
discretionary basis. On a discretionary basis, we have the authority to make investment decisions, such as
buying or selling securities, on your behalf without seeking your approval for each individual transaction.
Alternatively, on a non-discretionary basis, we provide recommendations, but you retain the final authority
and must approve our advice before any trades are made.
For ease of understanding we describe our portfolios using two primary asset classes: Equity and Fixed
Income, which we define broadly to allow for greater diversification. The Equity portion is designed for
growth and may include, but is not limited to, traditional asset classes such as large cap, small cap, or REITs.
The Fixed Income portion is designed for stability and income and may include, but is not limited to, bonds,
debt instruments, and cash equivalents. Real assets (such as gold, precious metals, and commodities) and
alternatives may be counted toward either the Equity or Fixed Income portion, or maintained separately, at
the Adviser's discretion. We typically use exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and/or mutual funds (MFs) for the
equity portion and fixed income products for the bond portion.
OUR MODEL PORTFOLIOS.
We primarily use a series of model portfolios as the foundation for client accounts. As the discretionary
manager of these models, we will replace funds, change asset and sub-asset allocations, and rebalance using
professional judgment, specific time frequencies, drift tolerance from target, or other reasons based on our
analysis.
A Note on Model Implementation: Implementation of our models can be flexible to suit specific client
circumstances. To ensure proper diversification, facilitate efficient portfolio management (such as cash
flows), maintain consistency across client accounts, or achieve other operational efficiencies, the Adviser may
construct a portfolio with other assets, mutual funds instead of ETFs, or a combination of both, regardless of
account size. Our Tactical models are designed to use individual stocks for all or nearly all of their equity
allocation. Similarly, our Focused models utilize a core-and-satellite approach. While the core typically holds
equity funds, the satellite portion is designed to hold individual stocks or focused funds. The “Risk-Based”
model noted below is fully customizable and named by the chosen risk tolerance (e.g., "Aggressive" or
"Moderate").
Model
Target
Risk Tolerance Composition
Style
Allocation
Strategy
Risk-Based
Customizable
Customizable
Customizable Customizable
Customizable
Customizable
Balanced 40
Balanced 50
Balanced 60
40 / 60
50 / 50
60 / 40
Mod. Conservative
Moderate
Moderate
Funds
Factors
Global
Strategic
Active
Active
Active
Growth 70
Growth 80
Growth 90
Growth 100
Active Balance
Active Growth
70 / 30
80 / 20
90 / 10
100 / 0
Active
Active
Mod. Aggressive
Mod. Aggressive
Aggressive
Aggressive
Moderate
Mod. Aggressive
Funds
Funds
Domestic
Fund Core &
Satellite
Concentrated &
Domestic
Tactical Stock
Selection
100 / 0
100 / 0
100 / 0
100 / 0
Aggressive
Aggressive
Aggressive
Aggressive
Blend
Blend
Stocks
Stocks
Blend
Growth
Blend
Growth
Focused Equity
Focused Growth
Tactical Equity
Tactical Growth
Key. The terms used in the table above are defined as follows:
a. Target: The typical equity to fixed income target exposure. The Adviser may over or underweight target exposure.
b. Risk Tolerance: The managed risk of capital loss for the potential reward (e.g., volatility).
c. Composition: Describes the investment vehicle typically used in the model.
i. Stocks: The model typically holds direct ownership in individual companies.
Page 6 of 27
October 29, 2026
ii. Funds: The model typically holds Exchange-Traded Products (ETPs) and/or Mutual Funds (MFs).
iii. Blend: The model typically holds a combination of funds and/or stocks.
d. Style: Refers to an investment approach such as growth, value, or a blend of the two. Factors include characteristics like growth,
value, quality, size, momentum, and themes.
e. Allocation: Refers to a geographic region (e.g., domestic or global) or asset class. If an allocation is labeled “Concentrated,” it
means the model focuses on a smaller group of investments rather than being broadly diversified.
f. Strategy: Describes the investment methodology guiding the model’s management. Please refer to Item 8.B of this brochure for
a detailed breakdown of these strategies.
g. Active: Means any category (style, factors, allocation, strategy) can change at any time based on our analysis. These flexible
models may use leveraged products or inverse funds, meaning your total market exposure could exceed your account value.
h. Customizable: Indicates a highly flexible model built around Client requests or professional judgment. These unconstrained
portfolios may also use leveraged products, inverse funds, or direct short positions, meaning your total market exposure could
exceed your account value.
SUB-ADVISER MODEL PORTFOLIOS
We may allocate all or a portion of a client's portfolio to a sub-adviser. Our role is to select the sub-adviser,
determine the appropriate asset allocation, and continuously monitor their performance. We retain full
discretion to hire, replace, or blend sub-adviser models, as we deem appropriate.
THIRD-PARTY MODEL PORTFOLIOS
We may construct and manage all or a portion of a client's portfolio based on a third-party investment model.
Unlike sub-advisers, these model providers do not manage assets directly. We retain full discretion to select
or blend the models, execute trades, and rebalance the account.
VARIABLE ANNUITY OR VARIABLE LIFE INSURANCE
We provide discretionary and non-discretionary investment management services for assets held within fee-
based variable insurance products, such as variable annuities and variable life insurance. While these
products offer tax-deferred growth, clients should understand they are insurance contracts that have unique
features and their own set of internal costs, which differ from those of a standard brokerage or IRA account.
For our discretionary service, we will select and implement allocation changes among the subaccounts on
your behalf. For our non-discretionary service, we will recommend an allocation for your approval, and you
retain the final authority for all decisions.
FIXED INDEXED ANNUITY
As part of our services, the Firm offers non-discretionary advice regarding the purchase of fee-based Fixed
Indexed Annuities (FIAs). Our role is to analyze the available indexed crediting strategies within a proposed
FIA and recommend an allocation for your approval. It is important to understand that an FIA is a long-term
insurance contract, not a security, and our firm does not receive a commission on its sale. Instead, the value
of the annuity is included in the assets upon which you pay your advisory fee. Clients should be aware of the
material risks associated with these products, including long surrender periods that make them illiquid, caps
or other limits on potential gains, and the fact that any guarantees made by the insurance company are only
backed by the financial strength of that issuing insurance company.
DONOR-ADVISED FUNDS
We offer both discretionary and non-discretionary investment management services for the assets held
within Donor-Advised Funds (DAFs). A DAF is a charitable giving vehicle where you make an irrevocable
contribution to a public charity that sponsors the program. While the sponsoring charity has ultimate legal
control over the funds, you, as the donor, retain the privilege to advise on how the assets are invested and
which charities receive grants. Our role is to act as your investment advisor for the DAF account, helping you
manage the assets with the goal of maximizing their potential for charitable giving.
Under our discretionary service, you grant us the authority to make investment decisions on your behalf,
which we will then implement by advising the sponsoring charity. Alternatively, under our non-discretionary
service, we provide investment recommendations that you must approve before we advise the sponsoring
charity to make any changes.
Page 7 of 27
October 29, 2026
529 PLAN
We offer non-discretionary advisory services for 529 College Savings Plans. Our role is to review the menu of
investment options available within a specific 529 Plan and provide a recommendation for an allocation
strategy consistent with the chosen risk tolerance, objective, and time-horizon. As this is a non-discretionary
service, you retain the final authority to approve our recommendation and are responsible for implementing
the changes within the 529 Plan. This service is only available for direct-sold 529 Plans that permit the owner
to grant access to a third-party investment advisor.
Resources such as 529 Quickview® (https://www.529quickview.com/home/planlist.html) can help identify
these plans. Clients should be aware that 529 Plans are administered by individual states, and the investment
options are determined by a designated program manager. In some cases, actions such as portfolio
rebalancing are performed automatically by the program manager and are not controlled by our firm.
EDUCATIONAL CLASSES
From time to time, the Firm may offer educational classes or workshops for clients and the public. These
events cover financial topics such as retirement, investment, insurance, tax, and estate planning. All
information presented during these events is for educational purposes only and is intended for a broad
audience. The content is not an offer or solicitation for the sale of any security, product, or service, nor is it
intended to provide specific tax or legal advice. Attendees should consult with their professional advisors
regarding their individual situations.
FINANCIAL PLANNING & CONSULTING
We offer financial planning and consulting services to help you organize your financial life and create a step-
by-step approach to meet your goals, with services available for a single planning area, multiple areas, or as
needed on an hourly basis.
OUR PLANNING AREAS
We offer several limited-scope plans that may stand alone or be combined in any variation needed for your
specific situation. A comprehensive plan consists of three or more areas, and each plan includes a written
plan or a software report. Alternatively, you may engage the Firm for Hourly Consulting to receive advice,
analysis, or Q&A across any area(s) without requiring a written plan or software report.
Our core process is built around our Five Pillars of Financial Planning, with the flexibility to add custom
areas for your unique needs:
1
DESCRIPTION
Income, savings, growth, probability of success, and stress testing.
PILLARS
Retirement
2
Investment Assets or accounts unable to use our management services.
3
Tax
Strategies to defer, minimize, or reduce taxation.
4
Insurance Manage risk through various types of coverage.
5
Estate
Inform the client or client-attorney relationship.
Unique situations like education or business needs.
Custom
THE STAGES OF OUR PLANNING SERVICE
Our financial planning engagements are clearly defined to ensure you understand your role and ours. The
service typically involves the following stages:
1. The Financial Plan: Initially, we analyze your situation and develop recommendations designed to
2.
achieve your goals.
Implementation: This is the process of acting on our recommendations. Once your plan is delivered,
you can implement the recommendations by engaging our other services (such as Investment
Management or Hourly Consulting) or by putting them into action on your own. If you engage us for
implementation, we recommend and present actions, products, and services to execute.
Page 8 of 27
October 29, 2026
3. Monitoring: This is tracking your progress toward your goals through periodic reviews and
reasonable access for questions. This service is available while Investment Management Services
(IMS) are active or for an ongoing monthly fee. Requests requiring extensive new analysis, modeling
of new scenarios, or time beyond reasonable access fall outside normal service and require an
additionally agreed upon hourly fee.
4. Updating: Life circumstances and financial markets change. If monitoring is applicable, we will update
the plan with material information as circumstances warrant. For updates to a plan without
monitoring, a Plan Update Fee may apply, provided the scope is substantially similar to the original,
or a new Financial Plan Fee may apply.
FINANCIAL PLANNING PROCESS
The process is divided into two phases: Planning (Steps 1–5) and Additional Services (Steps 6–8).
1
STEPS
Establish
DESCRIPTION
Define how we will be helping you.
2
Gather
Collect financial data and establish personal goals.
3
Analyze
Review your current financial situation.
4
Develop
Receive tailored recommendations and alternatives.
5
Review and deliver the plan.
Present
6
Implement Execute recommendations through specific actions, products, or services.
7
Monitor
Periodically review the progress towards your goals.
8
Update
Refresh planning data as your life, goals, and financial circumstances change.
Pursuant to CFP Board Standards of Conduct C.6 & C.7, a CFP® Professional must establish with the Client
whether the CFP® Professional has implementation, monitoring, or updating responsibilities.
Monitoring and updating responsibilities are established in the financial planning and consulting agreement.
Implementation responsibilities are identified after plan completion. Depending upon the plan and scope,
these responsibilities may or may not be applicable.
Tax and Legal Limitations: Our tax or estate analysis is designed to inform so you finalize implementation
solutions with your tax or legal professional. The Adviser is not an accounting or law firm; we do not provide
legal advice, legal opinions, or tax preparation. The Client remains solely responsible for selecting the final
legal structure. Clients should review all tax and legal strategies with their professional before
implementation.
SELF-DIRECTED SOFTWARE
Upon request, we provide clients with complimentary access to self-directed software. These tools allow you
to input your own data for basic projections or standard documents based on your provided information.
Please note: This access is provided solely as a self-directed technology tool. It does not include our firm's
advisory services or recommendations. If you require our time, professional advice, customization, or specific
guidance, those services can be established by discussing the need with one of our representatives.
Q5 WEALTH®
Our Q5 Wealth® service combines financial planning with investment management services. This service
provides for a comprehensive relationship with the Adviser, offering advice across five planning areas:
retirement, investment, tax, insurance, and estate.
Page 9 of 27
October 29, 2026
DISCLOSURES APPLICABLE TO OUR SERVICES
FIDUCIARY DUTY:
The Firm and its representatives are fiduciaries and must act in the best interest of the Client at all times.
RISK OF LOSS:
Investing is inherently risky. Past performance does not ensure future results, and clients may suffer a loss
of part or all of their investment. The Firm does not guarantee any investment returns or results.
RETIREMENT PLAN AND IRA FIDUCIARY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
When the Adviser and its representatives provide advice or make recommendations regarding your
retirement plan or individual retirement accounts (“IRA”) they are relying on prohibited transaction
exemption 2020-02 and 84-24, as applicable, and they acknowledge their fiduciary status as written below.
We are making investment recommendations to you regarding your retirement plan or individual retirement
account as fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or
the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make
money or otherwise are compensated creates some conflicts with your financial interest, so we operate
under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interest ahead of yours.
Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
▪ Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent advice) to you;
▪ Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal advice);
▪ Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
▪ Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best interest;
▪ Charge no more than is reasonable compensation for our services; and
▪ Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
C. HOW SERVICES ARE TAILORED TO CLIENT NEEDS
Advisory services are tailored to the specific needs of each client. Our process begins with a consultation to
understand your financial situation, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizon. This information
forms the basis of a written Investment Policy Statement that guides our recommendations.
Services are further tailored by,
▪ Offering financial plans encompassing several areas or a customizable plan.
▪ Providing hourly consulting for advice outside normal management or planning services.
▪ Engaging nondiscretionary management for allocation and holding flexibility.
▪ Allocating to a sub-adviser to manage all or a portion of your accounts.
▪ Accommodating your requests to impose reasonable investment restrictions, such as excluding specific
securities.
D. WRAP FEE PROGRAM VERSUS PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
The Firm does not offer a Wrap Fee Program.
E. ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
As of December 31, 2025, the Adviser has the following assets under management:
Discretionary assets: $119,106,027
Non-discretionary assets: $4,385,549
Total assets: $123,491,576
Page 10 of 27
October 29, 2026
ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION
A. ADVISORY SERVICES COMPENSATION DESCRIPTION
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT FEE
Our investment management fee is up to 2.00% of assets under management annually, billed quarterly in
arrears (meaning after the billing period has ended), and structured as either a tiered fee based on the
breakpoint schedule below or a mutually agreed-upon fixed fee.
Assets Under Management (AUM)
Annual Fee
$0 to $250,000
1.35%
$250,000.01 to $1,000,000
1.30%
$1,000,000.01 to $2,000,000
1.25%
$2,000,000.01 to $3,000,000
1.20%
$3,000,000.01 to $4,000,000
1.10%
$4,000,000.01 to $5,000,000
1.00%
$5,000,000.01 to $10,000,000
.90%
$10,000,000.01 to $15,000,000
.80%
$15,000,000.01 to $20,000,000
.70%
$20,000,000.01 to $30,000,000
.60%
Continual, $30,000,000.01+
.50%
Under our automated tiered breakpoint schedule, the entire portfolio is charged the same management fee
based on the value of the entire portfolio at the end of each quarter. For billing purposes, the "entire
portfolio" includes all accounts we manage for you, your spouse, a partner, or a substantially similar
relationship that allows for the aggregation of account values.
Alternatively, we may mutually agree upon a fixed fee (not to exceed 2.00% annually) for specific accounts,
assets, or the entire portfolio instead of our tiered investment management fee. Depending on your entire
portfolio value, a fixed fee may result in a higher fee than you would pay under the breakpoint schedule. This
creates a potential conflict of interest, as we have an incentive to recommend or negotiate a fixed fee that
may be more favorable to us. We address this conflict by clearly disclosing the fee structure and obtaining
your consent prior to implementation.
To calculate a full quarterly fee, the corresponding annual fee rate is divided by four and then multiplied by
the account balance at the end of the quarter. Quarterly fees are prorated for accounts that open or close
during the billing period. Any earned fees are promptly owed upon account closure. Any proposed increase
to the fee schedule is only effective upon your consent.
FINANCIAL PLANNING OR HOURLY CONSULTING FEE
FINANCIAL PLANNING FEES
We offer financial planning services on a fixed fee basis. The fee is typically $2,000 for a single planning area
(e.g., Retirement). The fee for updating an existing plan is typically $1,000 per area. For comprehensive plans
covering multiple areas, the total fee will be higher. We will always provide you with a written quote detailing
the scope and total fee in your Financial Planning Agreement before you engage our services.
▪ Plan Monitoring: We offer ongoing Plan Monitoring for the planning area(s) agreed upon in the
financial planning agreement. For clients with active Investment Management Services (IMS),
monitoring may be provided at no additional fee ($0) while IMS are active. For all other engagements,
the fee is typically $100 monthly per monitored area, billed monthly in arrears: monitoring for
existing areas continues uninterrupted on the existing billing cycle (or begins upon execution if not
Page 11 of 27
October 29, 2026
previously monitored), while monitoring for new areas begins upon plan delivery and aligns with the
existing or agreed-upon billing cycle.
▪ Billing Schedule: Planning and Update Fees are billed $500 in advance for one area, or $1,000 for
two or more areas, with the remaining balance due upon delivery of the plan.
▪ Termination Policy: Either party may terminate a financial planning agreement or ongoing services
at any time, without penalty, by providing written notice, effective upon receipt (or upon termination
of Investment Management Services (IMS) when monitoring is tied to active IMS). Upon termination
of a financial plan prior to delivery, the earned fee is calculated based on the work completed through
the termination date at $250 per hour (not to exceed the advance deposit), and any unearned portion
of the deposit will be promptly refunded; once the plan is delivered, the fixed fee is earned and owed
less any advance payment. Upon termination of Plan Monitoring, the earned fee is prorated through
the mid-cycle termination date.
HOURLY CONSULTING FEES
We offer consulting services at an hourly rate, ranging from $100 to $500 per hour depending on the nature
of the work and the representative. Fees are billed in arrears for actual time worked at the agreed-upon
hourly rate and up to the fee limit determined in the agreement (billed upon completion for one-time
projects, or monthly in arrears for ongoing consulting). Billable work ceases once the limit is reached
(resuming the following period for monthly consulting) unless you provide written authorization (via email,
text, or amendment) to increase the limit.
Termination Policy: Either party may terminate an hourly consulting engagement at any time by providing
written notice. Upon termination, the earned fee is calculated and owed for actual time worked through
the termination date (not to exceed the agreed-upon fee limit).
EDUCATIONAL CLASS FEE
Classes are offered free of charge or for a fee of up to $100 per student, payable in advance. Attendees
receive a full refund if a class is canceled by the Firm. Specific cancellation, refund, substitution, and
rescheduling terms are provided at the time of registration for each class.
FEE NEGOTIABILITY
Our fees are negotiable at our discretion, and the Firm retains discretion to waive, reduce, or vary fees based
on scope, complexity, or client relationship. As a result, clients, or accounts of the same client, with similar
assets or receiving similar services may pay different fees (more or less than other clients or accounts).
B. DEDUCT OR BILL CLIENT FEES
Financial planning fees can be paid by credit card, ACH, check or deducted from a Client specified account.
Financial Planning fees may be billed directly to and deducted by the Custodian from the Client's account
upon authorization. An educational class fee can be paid by credit card or ACH.
The investment management fee is billed directly to and deducted by the Custodian from the Client's
account. On at least a quarterly basis, the Custodian is required to send to the Client a statement showing all
transactions within the account during the reporting period, including the amount of the advisory fee
deducted. The Custodian does not calculate the amount of the fee to be deducted and does not verify the
accuracy of the fee calculation. Therefore, it is important for Clients to carefully review their custodial
statements to verify the accuracy of the calculation. Clients should contact the Firm directly if they believe
there may be a billing error.
The fee is directly deducted unless a separate account is specified or required for fee deduction, or alternative
methods are mutually agreed upon. When direct deduction is not available or permitted, the Client must
specify a separate account for fee deduction or an alternative method of payment.
Page 12 of 27
October 29, 2026
C. THIRD PARTY / CUSTODIAN FEES / SUB-ADVISER FEE
In addition to our fees, depending on your situation, custodian, investment, and product you will incur
additional costs, such as custodian fees, account maintenance fees, transaction costs, surrender charges,
wire transfer, check, or electronic fund fees, partial or full transfer fees, and fees related to exchange traded
products, mutual funds, variable life or annuity products, and other custodian, investment, or product related
fees.
The Adviser may allocate Client assets to sub-advisers (who manage and execute trades for the account) or
utilize third-party models (where the Adviser executes the trades). Both sub-advisers and model providers
may charge a fee for their services. When a sub-adviser or third-party model fee is charged, it is paid by the
Adviser. Furthermore, these outside managers and model providers may utilize their own proprietary funds
(e.g., mutual funds or ETFs) within the portfolio. When this occurs, you pay the internal expense ratios of
those funds.
If your account uses direct leverage (such as borrowing on margin to purchase securities), you will incur direct
margin interest and borrowing fees charged by the custodian. These fees are calculated daily and debited
directly from your individual account.
If your account uses direct short selling instead of inverse funds, you will incur additional fees charged by the
custodian that do not apply to long-only accounts. For certain securities, this may include 'Hard to Borrow'
(HTB) interest fees. These fees are calculated daily and debited directly from your individual account.
Additionally, for certain block trade executions, the Custodian may charge a flat per-account fee (e.g., $5.00)
rather than splitting a single cost between all participating accounts.
An expense ratio, for example, is the internal management fee a fund or product charges to operate (e.g.,
0.25% per year). These fees are deducted directly from the fund's assets, reducing its investment returns and,
consequently, your portfolio's return over time. Performance figures quoted by a fund or product in various
publications are shown after this cost has been deducted.
No Revenue Sharing: The Adviser does not receive any compensation from any sub-adviser, third-party
model provider, custodian, or fund company, and we do NOT share in any of the third-party fees, margin
interest, or internal expense ratios.
MUTUAL FUND SHARE CLASS SELECTION
When implementing investment strategies that utilize or include mutual funds, the Firm owes clients a
fiduciary duty to seek best execution, which includes minimizing transaction costs and internal expense
ratios.
No Transaction Fee (NTF) Preference: To minimize direct trading costs for client accounts, the Firm seeks the
lowest-cost NTF share classes available on the specific qualified custodian's platform. This practice allows the
Firm to construct, manage, and rebalance portfolios without subjecting client accounts to upfront or ongoing
custodial transaction fees.
Transaction-Fee Share Classes: The Firm may select a transaction-fee share class for specific long term buy-
and-hold strategies or larger account scales when a fund's share class with a lower internal expense ratio is
reasonably expected to offset cumulative custodial transaction costs over time.
Page 13 of 27
October 29, 2026
D. FEE BILLING CALCULATIONS
Billing software calculations contain several decimal places which may result in slight differences from
the illustrations below.
Full quarter fee: Example of an account with $1,500,000 on the last day of the most recent quarter,
D X E = F
D = quarterly fee: 1.25% annum fee ((1.25% / 4) = .003125)
E = Account Balance: $1,500,000
F = Fee
Calculation: .003125 x $1,500,000 = $4,687.50
When an account opens: Example of a prorated account funded on 5/26/2021 with $1,500,000 on the last
day of the most recent quarter,
Step 1: Calculate a full quarter, ((1.25% / 4) x $1,500,000) = $4,687.50
Step 2: Calculate the adjustment as follows,
(C x D) X E = F
C = Day Adjustment [unused days/days in quarter]: (55/91) = .604396
D = quarterly fee: 1.25% annum fee ((1.25% / 4) = .003125)
E = Account Balance: $1,500,000
F = Adjustment
Calculation: (.604396 x .003125) x $1,500,000 = $2,833.11
Step 3: Subtract adjustment from full quarter fee, ($4,687.50 - $2,833.11 = $1,854.39)
The prorated quarterly fee is $1,854.39
When an account closes: Example of a prorated account closing on 5/26/2021 with $1,500,000 as the most
recent account balance,
Step 1: Calculate a full quarter, ((1.25% / 4) x $1,500,000) = $4,687.50
Step 2: Calculate the adjustment as follows,
(C x D) X E = F
C = Day Adjustment [unused days/days in quarter]: (36/91) = .395604
D = quarterly fee: 1.25% annum fee ((1.25% / 4) = .003125)
E = Most recent account balance: $1,500,000
F = Adjustment
Calculation: (.395604 x .003125) x $1,500,000 = $1,854.39
Step 3: Subtract adjustment from full quarter fee, ($4,687.50 - $1,854.39 = $2,833.11)
The prorated quarterly fee is $2,833.11
Page 14 of 27
October 29, 2026
ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
The Firm does not charge or accept performance-based fees.
ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS
The Firm provides investment advice to many different types of clients. These clients generally include
individuals, high net worth individuals, trusts, estates, corporations, and other types of business entities.
The Firm generally seeks a minimum household relationship of $250,000. However, we do not require a
specific minimum for individual accounts, and we do manage smaller accounts as part of a larger client
relationship or at our discretion. All minimums are negotiable and may be waived based on factors such as
plan monitoring, client contributions, anticipated additional assets, or pre-existing relationships.
Third-party or sub-adviser managed accounts generally have minimum requirements, and these minimum
requirements vary from manager to manager. Account minimums are generally higher on fixed income
accounts than on equity-based accounts.
The following discretionary models have a minimum account balance; the Adviser may deviate when suitable
based upon proximity to minimum, future or continual additions, or periods of decreased value from market
conditions.
Model
Risk-Based
Balanced
Growth
Active
Focused
Tactical
Minimum
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$20,000
$1,000
$50,000
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS
A. METHODS OF ANALYSIS
To guide our investment decisions, we may use several methods of analysis. Each has its own strengths and
inherent risks.
Fundamental Analysis
What It Is: This method focuses on determining a security's "true" value by examining the underlying
company's financial health, management, competitive position, and broader economic conditions.
The goal is to identify securities that may be over or undervalued by the market.
Primary Risk: Our analysis and valuation may be incorrect, or the market price may not adjust to
reflect the value we have calculated.
Technical Analysis
What It Is: This method involves analyzing market statistics, such as historical prices and trading
volumes, to identify patterns and trends. We use tools like charting to visualize this data and forecast
potential future price movements.
Primary Risk: Past performance and historical patterns are not reliable predictors of future results.
Cyclical & Economic Analysis
What It Is: This approach involves analyzing recurring patterns in the broader economy and market
cycles to identify how they might affect different investments. It relies on economic data such as
GDP, inflation, and employment trends.
Primary Risk: Historical cycles are not guaranteed to repeat, and our interpretation of economic data
may be incorrect or fail to predict market reactions.
Page 15 of 27
October 29, 2026
B. INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
When providing investment advice, we may employ several strategies to pursue your financial objectives. To
implement our strategies, we recommend the specific approach we believe is in your best interest based on
your goals, risk tolerance, and objectives.
Our General Investment Approach
Long-Term Purchases (Generally > 1 Year): Our primary approach is to invest in securities with the expectation
that their value will grow over a relatively long period. This strategy is designed to capture market rates of
return and risk over time. This approach is suited for clients pursuing long-term goals such as retirement.
Short-Term Purchases (Generally < 1 Year): On occasion, we may purchase securities with the expectation of
selling them in a shorter period to take advantage of specific market opportunities or price fluctuations. This
strategy is typically used for tactical purposes and may involve a higher level of risk and transaction costs.
Our Asset Allocation Philosophies
Asset allocation is the process of diversifying a portfolio across various investments (like stocks and bonds)
to manage risk. We may use several distinct philosophies to manage this allocation:
Strategic Allocation: This is a long-term approach where we establish a target allocation based on your goals
and risk tolerance. While this target is designed to be held for the long term, we may occasionally adjust it
based on significant shifts in our long-term economic forecasts. The primary activity, however, is periodically
rebalancing the portfolio back to its target mix.
Tactical Allocation: This is a more active approach where we make short-term, opportunistic shifts away from
the long-term strategic allocation. These adjustments are made in anticipation of market trends to enhance
returns or reduce risk.
Dynamic Allocation: This approach involves adjusting the portfolio's asset mix based on pre-defined rules or
market signals. Unlike tactical allocation, which is often predictive, dynamic allocation tends to be responsive,
making changes after a specific market event or data calculation occurs.
Core-Satellite Allocation: This strategy divides a portfolio into two parts: a large, stable "core" (typically made
up of broad-market ETFs and bonds) and smaller "satellite" positions. The satellite holdings are more
specialized investments used to seek enhanced returns or provide additional diversification.
Active Management Philosophy: This describes our overarching approach. As an active manager, we have the
discretion to use and blend the allocation philosophies described above. Based on our professional judgment,
we may shift between strategies to best serve your account's objectives.
C. RISK OF LOSS
Investing in any security involves a risk of loss, and you should be prepared to lose some or all of the money
you invest. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results, and there is no guarantee that any
investment strategy will be successful. We cannot predict market movements, prevent losses from market
declines, or guarantee that you will achieve your financial goals. We also cannot guarantee that third parties,
such as fund companies or issuers, will meet their obligations.
While we utilize a variety of investment products, the Adviser primarily uses Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
to implement our strategies, supplementing them with Mutual Funds (MFs), individual stocks, and other
securities as we deem appropriate. All investments carry various risks, including but not limited to business,
credit, market, inflation, and liquidity risks. These are often described in detail in a security's prospectus.
GENERAL RISKS
Advisory Risk: Our judgment may prove incorrect, and there's no guarantee our investment decisions will
produce the intended results. Technical failures (e.g., computer crashes, cyber-attacks) could also disrupt our
services.
Concentration Risk: Holding a few large positions is riskier than diversifying. A significant loss in one
investment will have a greater negative impact on your portfolio.
Page 16 of 27
October 29, 2026
Cybersecurity & Information Security Risk: Our firm, like any business, is vulnerable to cyber-attacks and data
breaches. A breach could disrupt our operations and compromise your confidential information, potentially
leading to financial loss. We take ongoing steps to limit these threats.
Dependence on Key Employees: Our success depends on our key professionals. The loss of these individuals
could negatively impact our ability to manage your account and achieve your goals.
Fund Manager Risk: When we invest in mutual funds or ETFs, we rely on the skill of that fund's manager. If
the fund manager's strategy fails or their judgment is poor, the fund will underperform regardless of our
analysis.
Interest Rate Risk: Fixed income investments (bonds) typically lose value when interest rates rise. This risk is
higher for portfolios with a larger allocation to bonds, or those holding longer-dated (longer maturity) bonds,
which are more sensitive to rate changes.
Legislative & Tax Risk: Changes in government regulations or tax laws can affect your investments. You may
owe taxes on investment gains even without receiving a cash distribution. You are responsible for consulting
a tax advisor about how transactions are reported.
Model Risk: We may use financial models to help make investment decisions, but these models are based on
assumptions that may prove wrong. There is no guarantee that any model will work in all market conditions,
which is why we also rely heavily on our professional judgment.
Portfolio Turnover Risk: Frequent trading increases costs and can lead to higher taxes from short-term capital
gains, which are taxed at ordinary income rates in taxable accounts.
Shorting and Leverage Risk: Short selling involves betting that a security's price will fall. Because a stock’s
price can rise indefinitely, your potential loss is theoretically unlimited. We may also use "inverse" or
leveraged funds to bet against the market or amplify its moves. These are designed for daily use; holding
them for longer periods can lead to rapid, unexpected losses even if we are right about the market's direction.
Collectively, these tools create "leverage," which allows us to control more market value than you have in
cash. This magnifies your gains when we are right, but it also magnifies your losses when we are wrong. Short
positions are also subject to 'short squeeze' risk, where a rapid price increase may force the Adviser to buy
back shares at significantly higher prices to close out the position.
Sub-Advisor Risk: We may recommend using a third-party investment manager (a "sub-adviser") to manage
all or a portion of your portfolio. Before recommending a sub-adviser, we review their investment philosophy,
strategy, and qualifications. We also monitor their results and approach on an ongoing basis. However, we
do not have direct, daily control over their trading decisions. This arrangement introduces specific risks,
including: (1) the sub-adviser's investment strategy may underperform or fail to meet its objectives; and (2)
the sub-adviser may deviate from their stated investment style. While we select sub-advisers we believe are
skilled, we cannot guarantee their performance.
Third-Party Model Portfolios: The third-party provider only supplies the model and does not execute the
trades, because of this there may be a delay between when the providers’ update to the model and when
we execute the corresponding trades in the Client’s account. Market movements during this lag can cause
the Client’s actual performance to deviate (tracking error) from the theoretical performance of the model.
▪ Manager Reliance Risk: We rely heavily on the research, proprietary analysis, and investment decisions
of the third-party model providers. If the provider’s investment strategy is flawed, relies on incorrect
data, or fails to anticipate market events, the Client’s portfolio will be negatively impacted.
▪ Limited Customization: Third-party models are designed to be implemented or combined with others
exactly as they are. This limits customization and may not be suited for certain Client account needs.
Tax-Loss Harvesting Risk: This strategy may not generate the intended benefits, as its effectiveness depends
entirely on your comprehensive tax situation. Replacing securities to harvest losses can cause your portfolio's
performance to deviate from its target allocation (tracking error). Furthermore, IRS "wash sale" rules will
disallow the tax loss if you or your spouse purchase the identical security in an outside account within 30
Page 17 of 27
October 29, 2026
days. While we offer tax planning, we do not prepare tax returns; please consult your tax preparer regarding
the impact of these trades.
RISKS OF SPECIFIC SECURITIES
American Depository Receipts (ADRs): ADRs represent shares of a non-U.S. company and trade on U.S.
exchanges. Investing in ADRs exposes you to risks not typically associated with U.S. companies, including
adverse currency fluctuations, different accounting and disclosure standards, foreign taxes, and potential
political or economic instability in the company's home country.
Bonds (Fixed Income): This is a broad category of debt instruments where an investor lends money to an
entity (like a corporation or government) for a defined period at a variable or fixed interest rate. While used
for stability and income, all fixed income securities have risks. The value of these securities changes with
interest rates—when rates rise, existing bond prices tend to fall. They also carry credit risk (the issuer could
default and fail to make payments) and inflation risk (inflation can erode the value of your returns). Different
types include:
▪ Bills: Short-term debt, typically issued by a government, with maturities of less than one year. U.S.
Treasury bills are considered to have very low credit risk.
▪ Notes: Medium-term debt with maturities typically ranging from one to ten years.
▪ Debentures: A type of long-term bond that is not secured by any physical assets or collateral, meaning
it is backed only by the issuer's general creditworthiness. This makes them riskier than secured bonds.
▪ Certificates of Deposit (CDs): These are savings products that hold a fixed amount of money for a specific
term at a fixed interest rate. While CDs issued by FDIC-insured banks are considered low-risk, they carry
liquidity risk, as you will pay a penalty for withdrawing funds before the term ends. They also have
interest rate risk; if prevailing rates rise significantly, your money is locked in at a lower rate.
from the value of
its underlying assets. For more
Business Development Corporations (BDCs): BDCs invest in small, developing, or financially distressed private
companies. These are inherently riskier than larger, public companies. The market price of a BDC can also be
significantly different
information, visit:
https://www.investor.gov/introduction-investing/investing-basics/investment-products/closed-end-
funds/publicly-traded
Closed-End Funds (CEFs): A CEF's share price can trade at a significant premium or discount to the actual net
asset value (NAV) of its holdings. This gap can widen during periods of market volatility.
Commodity Subsidiary Risk: Some funds we utilize may gain exposure to commodities by investing a portion
of their assets in a wholly owned foreign subsidiary (typically in the Cayman Islands). These subsidiaries are
not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, meaning investors do not have the regulatory
protections provided by that Act.
Currencies and Digital Assets: Direct investments in foreign currencies (forex) or digital/crypto assets are
highly speculative and volatile. Currency values fluctuate rapidly due to interest rates, inflation, geopolitics,
and central bank interventions. Digital assets operate on decentralized networks, have no intrinsic backing,
and face heightened risks of fraud, cybersecurity breaches, custody loss, illiquidity, and severe regulatory
restrictions.
Donor-Advised Funds (DAFs): When you contribute to a DAF, you make an irrevocable charitable donation
and give up direct control of the assets. While you may recommend grants, the sponsoring organization has
the final legal approval. The funds are subject to administrative and investment fees, and investment options
may be limited.
Exchange-Traded Products (ETPs): This is a broad category of securities that trade on an exchange like stocks
but are designed to track the performance of an index, commodity, or other asset. Different types of ETPs
have very different risk profiles:
▪ Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs): The most common type of ETP. An ETF’s performance may not perfectly
match the index it's designed to track due to expenses, transaction costs, and market demand. Its shares
Page 18 of 27
October 29, 2026
can also trade at a premium or discount to its net asset value (NAV). For additional information, visit:
https://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/sec-guide-to-mutual-funds.pdf
▪ Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs): Unlike ETFs, ETNs are unsecured debt notes issued by a financial
institution. Their primary risk is the credit risk of the issuer. If the issuer goes bankrupt, you could lose
your entire investment, even if the underlying index it tracks performs well.
▪
▪ Commodity & Precious Metal ETPs: These ETPs seek to track the price of a physical commodity, such as
gold, silver, or oil. Their value will fluctuate with the often-volatile price of the underlying commodity.
Owning a commodity ETP is not the same as owning the physical asset and is subject to the specific
structure and risks of the product.
Leveraged & Inverse ETPs: These are speculative, short-term trading tools designed to multiply the daily
return of an index, which magnifies both gains and losses. Holding them for longer than one day can
lead to results that differ significantly from the underlying index's performance, often resulting in
unexpected losses. For more information, read the FINRA and SEC Investor Alert:
https://www.finra.org/investors/alerts/leveraged-and-inverse-etfs-specialized-products-extra-risks-
buy-and-hold-investors
▪ Crypto Asset ETPs: These are highly speculative and non-diversified products with heightened risk. The
underlying crypto assets have no known intrinsic backing, and their value is driven by supply and demand.
Crypto ETPs face extreme regulatory risk, which could lead to delisting and a total loss of your investment.
For more information, please read the SEC bulletins on Funds Trading in Bitcoin Futures and ETPs
Providing Exposure to Bitcoin and Ether.
Investor Bulletin
Fixed Indexed Insurance Products: This is a complex insurance contract, not a direct market investment. The
cash value growth is linked to a market index but is often limited by caps, participation rates, or spreads,
meaning you will not capture the full upside of the index. These policies are illiquid, long-term products with
surrender charges for early access to cash value. All guarantees are subject to the financial strength of the
issuing insurance company.
Foreign and Emerging Markets Risk: We may invest in funds that hold securities from foreign countries,
including emerging or frontier markets. These markets carry greater risks than U.S. investments due to
political or economic instability, currency exchange rate fluctuations, different auditing standards, and lower
market liquidity.
Futures Contracts: A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a specific commodity,
currency, or financial index at a predetermined price on a future date. Futures trading involves a high degree
of leverage, meaning a small market movement can result in disproportionate gains or losses that exceed
your initial margin deposit.
Individual Stocks (Equities): Investing in individual stocks means owning a share of a specific company. The
primary risk is business risk—the company itself could underperform due to factors like poor management,
declining sales, or competitive pressure, causing the stock price to fall even if the overall market is rising.
Stock values are also subject to broad market risk and can be more volatile than diversified funds.
Insurance Product Tax Risks: The tax rules for insurance products like annuities and life insurance are
complex. Withdrawals from non-qualified annuities are typically taxed on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis,
meaning taxable gains are withdrawn first. Conversely, cash value withdrawals from a life insurance policy
are generally treated on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis, allowing for tax-free access to your cost basis first.
These rules can change if a life insurance policy is classified as a Modified Endowment Contract (MEC). Due
to these complexities, it is essential to consult a tax advisor before taking any loans or withdrawals.
Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs) & Publicly Traded Partnerships (PTPs): MLPs are typically focused in the
energy sector, exposing you to volatility in that specific industry. They also have complex tax structures and
potential conflicts of interest between partners. Consult a tax advisor before investing. For more information,
see the SEC
for MLPs: https://www.investor.gov/introduction-investing/general-
resources/news-alerts/alerts-bulletins/investor-bulletins/updated-7
Page 19 of 27
October 29, 2026
Money Market Fund: While considered a very conservative investment, money market funds are not insured
or guaranteed by the FDIC and are not risk-free. Risks include the possibility of the fund’s share price falling
below $1.00 per share, known as “breaking the buck,” which would result in a loss of principal. Certain money
market funds may also impose temporary “liquidity gates” or “redemption fees” during times of market
stress, which could prevent you from accessing your money.
Mutual Fund: A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors to invest in a portfolio of
securities. In addition to the risks of the underlying securities in its portfolio, a mutual fund’s value is subject
to management risk, meaning the fund’s manager may make poor investment decisions. Unlike stocks or
ETFs, mutual funds are priced only once per day after the market closes, so the price you receive when you
sell may be higher or lower than its value during the trading day.
Options Contracts: An option is a contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell
an underlying asset (like a stock) at a specific price on or before a certain date. While options can be used for
hedging or income strategies, they are complex and involve a high degree of risk. The value of an option is
subject to market risk and can be highly volatile. A primary risk is time decay, where an option loses value as
it approaches its expiration date, potentially expiring worthless. Using options can involve a high degree of
leverage, which can magnify both gains and losses. Selling options, particularly uncovered or "naked" options,
exposes an investor to the risk of unlimited losses, which may be far greater than the premium received.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks have features of both stocks and bonds. They typically pay a fixed dividend
but may also appreciate in value. They are senior to common stock but subordinate to bonds in a company’s
capital structure, meaning bondholders would be paid first in a bankruptcy. Key risks include interest rate
risk (as rates rise, the value of fixed-dividend preferred shares tends to fall) and credit risk, as the company
could suspend dividend payments if it faces financial distress.
Private Investment Funds, Private Placements, and Limited Offerings: These are unregistered securities (such
as private equity, hedge funds, private credit, or pooled investment vehicles) offered to accredited or
qualified investors. They are highly illiquid with long lock-up periods and no secondary market, lack the
regulatory oversight and transparency of publicly traded securities, charge higher management and
performance fees, and carry a significant risk of total loss of capital. When advising on these offerings, the
Firm relies on the disclosure materials provided by the issuer and does not independently audit the issuer's
books or operations.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): Non-traded REITs are illiquid, meaning you cannot easily sell your
shares to get your money back quickly. Publicly traded REITs are more liquid but still subject to risks from the
real estate market and economic conditions. For more information, see the SEC bulletin on REITs:
https://www.sec.gov/files/reits.pdf
Registered Index-Linked Products (e.g., RILA): A RILA is a complex hybrid insurance contract that offers
returns linked to the performance of a market index while providing a level of protection against market loss.
While these products are designed to reduce risk, they are not risk-free. Your principal is only protected up
to the protection level you select; if the index loss is greater than the protection level, you will lose money.
Potential gains are often limited by performance caps, participation rates, or other crediting formulas,
meaning you will not capture the full upside of the index's performance. RILAs are designed as long-term
products and may impose significant surrender charges for early withdrawals, making them illiquid. Finally,
all guarantees are subject to the financial strength and claims-paying ability of the issuing insurance company.
Structurally Leveraged Funds and Derivatives Risk: We may utilize certain actively managed funds that use
derivatives (such as futures, forwards, and swaps) to gain exposure to different asset classes. This can create
structural leverage, meaning the fund’s total exposure may exceed 100% of its net assets. Unlike daily-reset
leveraged ETFs, these funds use leverage strategically to balance risk, but this still magnifies the effect of any
increase or decrease in the value of the underlying assets and can result in significant volatility.
Structured Products: These are complex debt instruments, often called structured notes, whose return is
linked to the performance of an underlying asset or index. Their primary risk is the credit risk of the issuer; if
Page 20 of 27
October 29, 2026
the issuing financial institution fails, you could lose your entire investment regardless of the underlying asset's
performance. They are often illiquid and their payout formulas can be complex and difficult to understand.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs): Investing in a SPAC is speculative. It's a "blank check"
company with no operations, formed to acquire a private company. Risks include a lack of information about
the eventual target company, potential conflicts of interest, and fees that benefit the sponsors. For additional
information, visit the SEC and FINRA pages on SPACs: https://www.sec.gov/oiea/investor-alerts-and-
bulletins/what-you-need-know-about-spacs-investor-bulletin
Unit Investment Trusts (UITs): A UIT is a fund that holds a fixed portfolio of securities, like stocks or bonds,
for a set period. Unlike a mutual fund, a UIT's portfolio is not actively managed, meaning securities are not
sold if they perform poorly. Key risks include the risk of the underlying securities, and illiquidity if you need
to sell your units before the trust's termination date, which may result in high costs.
Variable Insurance Products (e.g., annuity and life insurance): When providing advice on variable insurance
products, we focus on the investment options within them, known as subaccounts. These subaccounts, which
are similar to mutual funds, are securities, and their value will fluctuate with the markets. In addition to this
investment risk, variable products are often complex, carry high costs (including insurance charges), and their
guarantees depend on the financial strength of the issuing insurance company.
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a
client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of the advisory business or integrity of the Firm’s management.
The Firm has no disciplinary disclosures. Raymond M Backers, the Manager and Chief Compliance Officer, has
no disciplinary disclosures.
ITEM 10: OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
A. REGISTRATION AS A BROKER/DEALER OR BROKER/DEALER REPRESENTATIVE
The Firm is not registered and does not have an application pending to register, as a broker-dealer, and its
management persons are not registered as broker/dealer representatives.
B. REGISTRATION AS A FUTURES COMMISSION MERCHANT, COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR
The Firm and its representatives are not registered and do not have an application pending to register, as a
futures commission merchant, or commodity pool operator/advisor.
C. RELATIONSHIPS MATERIAL TO THIS ADVISORY BUSINESS AND POSSIBLE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Affiliated Insurance Agency: Raymond M. Backers and other supervised persons of the Firm are licensed
insurance agents of an affiliated insurance agency, Q2 Wealth Insurance LLC. Additionally, Q2 Wealth
Insurance LLC holds a minority ownership interest in the Firm. Through this affiliation, our representatives
may offer products such as fixed or fixed indexed annuities, life insurance, disability insurance, healthcare,
and long-term care products.
This activity and ownership structure represent a conflict of interest because it gives our representatives a
financial incentive to recommend products based on the commissions received, and it financially benefits
Mr. Backers. We mitigate this conflict by adhering to our fiduciary duty to place the best interest of the client
first. Furthermore, you are never required to purchase any insurance products, and you always retain the
option to purchase these products from another insurance agent of your choosing.
Outside Real Estate Activities: Raymond M. Backers is the Owner and Manager of Aber Point LLC, a personal
real estate company involved in activities such as property rentals and real estate purchases and sales. Aber
Point LLC is independent of the Firm, is funded exclusively with personal capital, and does not solicit or raise
capital. In the event an advisory client independently elects to buy, sell, or lease real estate with Aber Point
LLC, a conflict of interest exists because Mr. Backers' financial interest in the real estate transaction may be
adverse to the client's interest. We mitigate this conflict through this disclosure, by transacting at a mutually
agreed-upon fair market price, and by adhering to our fiduciary duty. Clients retain sole discretion and are
under no obligation to transact with Mr. Backers or Aber Point LLC.
Page 21 of 27
October 29, 2026
Conflicting Client Positions (Shorting): Because the Firm may utilize inverse funds or direct short positions,
a conflict of interest exists when the Firm recommends or takes a short position in a security for one client
while another client account holds the same security long. The short sale could put downward pressure on
the stock's price, harming the client holding the long position, or it may create the appearance that the firm
is favoring one client over another. We mitigate this conflict by trading in accordance with each model’s
strategy or each individual account’s strategy.
Sub-Adviser or Third-Party Model: When utilizing a sub-adviser or third-party model, the outside provider
typically charges a fee, which is paid by the Adviser. However, many providers will waive this fee (offering
"free" models or services) if the portfolio is constructed using their own proprietary products, such as mutual
funds or ETFs. This structure creates conflicts of interest:
1. Firm Conflict: Because the Adviser is responsible for paying the outside provider's fee, we have a
financial incentive to select "free" models or sub-advisers that waive their fees in order to reduce our
own operational costs.
2. Provider Conflict: The sub-adviser or model provider has a financial incentive to choose their own
proprietary products over nonproprietary products, as they are directly compensated by the internal
expense ratios of those funds (which are paid by the Client).
We address these conflicts through disclosure and adherence to our fiduciary duty of care. To mitigate these
conflicts, we do not base our selection of outside managers or models solely on the cost savings for our Firm.
Instead, we review sub-advisers and third-party models prior to implementation for the characteristics that
are best for the Client’s account or our models. We continually monitor these relationships to seek best
execution and ensure they remain in the best interest of the client over the course of the relationship.
D. SELECTION OF OTHER ADVISORS
The Adviser may retain or allocate all or a portion of a discretionary account to sub-advisers (including third-
party asset managers) or third-party model providers. A sub-adviser or third-party asset manager
recommends and executes trades directly in the account pursuant to the discretionary authority granted in
the Client's Investment Advisory Agreement (IAA) or applicable custodial authorizations. Alternatively, a
third-party model provider only supplies research, trade signals, or model recommendations, and the Adviser
executes the trades.
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL
TRADING
A. DESCRIPTION OF CODE OF ETHICS
The Code applies to “supervised” persons and “access” persons. “Supervised” persons are directors, officers,
partners, employees, temporary workers, consultants, independent contractors, or access persons.
“Access” persons are affiliated persons who have access to non-public information regarding any Clients'
purchase or sale of securities, or non-public information regarding the portfolio holdings of any reportable
fund, who are involved in making securities recommendations to Clients, or who have access to such
recommendations that are non-public.
The supervised persons of Q2 have committed to a Code of Ethics (“Code”). The purpose of the Code is to set
forth standards of conduct expected of supervised persons to address conflicts that may arise. The Code
defines acceptable behavior and the responsibility to act in the best interest of the client.
One area which the Code addresses is when supervised persons buy or sell securities for their personal
accounts and how to mitigate any conflict of interest. Q2 does not allow any supervised person to use
material, non-public information for personal profit or internal research for personal benefit in conflict with
a client.
The Firm policy prohibits any person from acting upon or otherwise misusing non-public or inside
information. No supervised person may recommend any transaction in a security to advisory Clients or
engage in personal securities transactions if they possess material, non-public information regarding the
security.
Page 22 of 27
October 29, 2026
The firm will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any Client or prospective Client upon request.
B. EMPLOYEE TRADING WITH A MATERIAL FINANCIAL INTEREST
Neither the Adviser nor its supervised persons recommend to clients, buy, or sell for client accounts,
securities in which the Adviser or its supervised persons have a material financial interest.
C. INVESTING IN THE SAME SECURITIES AS CLIENTS.
The Adviser and its supervised persons may invest in the same securities recommended to clients. This
practice presents a conflict of interest because it may provide an incentive to recommend securities to
increase demand and subsequently increase the price.
We mitigate this conflict by maintaining a Code of Ethics that sets forth our basic policies of ethical conduct
(available upon request). This policy includes monitoring trading practices to ensure any transactions are not
deceptive, unfair, or in violation of our fiduciary duty.
Specifically, our procedures include:
▪ Ensuring that the Firm and supervised persons do not engage in soft-dollar arrangements unless such
engagements satisfy the standards set forth under Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act of 1934.
▪ Collecting and maintaining records of securities holdings and transactions affected by supervised
persons. These records are reviewed by the Chief Compliance Officer to identify and resolve any
conflicts of interest.
D. TRADING SECURITIES AT OR AROUND THE SAME TIME AS CLIENTS.
The Adviser and its supervised persons may recommend securities to clients, or buy and sell securities for
client accounts, at or about the same time that we buy or sell the same securities for our own accounts. This
practice presents a conflict of interest because it may provide an incentive to recommend securities to
increase demand, increase the price, and/or buy securities at a more favorable price before buying securities
for a client.
We mitigate this conflict through our Code of Ethics (available upon request), which monitors trading
practices to ensure fairness. Specifically, our procedures include:
▪ Collecting and maintaining records of securities holdings and transactions affected by supervised
persons, which are reviewed by the Chief Compliance Officer to identify and resolve conflicts of
interest.
▪ The Adviser specifically prohibits related or supervised persons from knowingly selling to or
purchasing from a client any security in a principal or agency cross transaction.
▪ Prohibiting "front-running," which is the purchase or sale of individual securities for our own
accounts based on the knowledge of a client’s planned trading positions (note: this does not apply to
mutual funds).
▪ Aggregation procedure disclosed in Item 12.E.
ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES
A. Selection and Recommendation
The Firm has a duty to select brokers, dealers, and other trading venues that provide the best execution for
clients. The duty of best execution requires an investment adviser to seek to execute securities transactions
for clients in such a manner that the client’s total cost or proceeds in each transaction is the most favorable
under the circumstances, taking into account all relevant factors. The lowest possible commission, while very
important, is not the only consideration.
It is the policy of the Firm to seek best execution in portfolio trading activities where applicable, balancing
execution quality with transaction costs to achieve the most favorable net outcome for the client. This applies
to open-market trades of National Market System (NMS) securities, as well as the selection of optimal mutual
fund share classes.
Page 23 of 27
October 29, 2026
The Firm evaluates the execution, performance, and risk profile of the broker-dealers it uses on a periodic,
risk-based schedule. To achieve best execution and maintain our approved broker list, the Firm considers the
following factors, without limitation, in selecting brokers and intermediaries:
• Execution & Market Capabilities: The broker's ability to execute transactions of size in both liquid
and illiquid markets, order size and market depth, availability of competing markets, and the trading
characteristics of the security.
• Cost & Services: Commission rates and the overall quality and cost of services compared to other
•
•
brokers, as well as the range of available technology, products, and access to securities.
Integrity & Stability: The financial responsibility, ability and willingness to commit capital, reputation,
responsiveness, and confidentiality of the broker-dealer.
Information & Compliance: The availability of accurate information comparing markets, and the
broker's recordkeeping practices.
Non-NMS Custodians and Direct-to-Sponsor Platforms: Because open-market metrics like order routing and
market depth do not apply, the Firm evaluates the entities it uses on a periodic, risk-based schedule. This
review focuses on Integrity & Stability (financial strength and asset safety) and Cost & Services (platform
fees and product offerings).
B. RESEARCH AND OTHER SOFT DOLLAR BENEFITS
The Adviser does not have any soft dollar benefit arrangements.
C. BROKERAGE FOR CLIENT REFERRALS
The Adviser does not receive client referrals from third parties for recommending the use of specific broker-
dealer brokerage services.
D. DIRECTED BROKERAGE
The Firm does not permit the client to direct brokerage and the firm does not recommend, request, or require
that a client direct the firm to execute transactions through a specified broker-dealer. Not all investment
advisers require their clients to direct brokerage; by directing brokerage, the firm may be unable to achieve
the most favorable execution of client transactions, and this practice may cost clients more money.
E. ORDER AGGREGATION
As needed, the Firm aggregates ("block trades") client orders. Block trading provides operational efficiency
and helps secure consistent pricing. Aggregated orders are allocated across participating client accounts in a
fair, pro-rata, or systematic manner to seek best execution. When the Firm buys or sells the same securities
at a specific broker for client accounts, at or about the same time as supervised or related person accounts,
the firm will use the following procedures:
▪ Pre-Trade Allocation: Before placing an aggregated block trade at a specific broker, the Firm
determines the participating accounts and how it intends to allocate orders among client accounts.
The Firm will maintain records of each written pre-trade allocation.
▪ Fair and Average Pricing: No advisory client will be favored over any other client. Each account
participating in a block trade will receive the same average share price for that specific order
executed by each broker.
▪ Participation: Orders for supervised persons or related persons may be included in an aggregated
client block trade. When included, these accounts will receive the same average share price as
participating client accounts.
▪ Partial Fills: If a block order only partially fills, the executed shares are divided pro rata among the
participating accounts.
▪ Post-Block & Unsolicited Trades: Trades placed after a block order has been executed, limited to
unsolicited client instructions or accounts where the Firm lacks timing discretion, will be processed
Page 24 of 27
October 29, 2026
separately. These subsequent trades will receive the prevailing market price at the time of execution,
which may differ from the block order’s average price.
▪ Exceptions: Any change from the pre-trade allocation or pro rata partial fill must be fair and
equitable, be documented with a clear explanation, and be approved by the Chief Compliance
Officer.
F. TRADE ERROR POLICY
The Firm maintains a record of any trading errors that occur in connection with the investment activities of
its clients. When a trade error occurs, the Firm will instruct the custodian to make a correcting trade. If an
investment gain results from the correcting trade, the gain will remain in the account unless (1) the same
error involved other client account(s) that should have received the gain; (2) it is not permissible for the
account to retain the gain; or (3) the gain is declined. If the actions as described in 1, 2, or 3 occur, the
custodian is instructed to donate the gain to charity, the Firm will not accept the gain. Generally, if related
trade errors result in both gains and losses, they are netted. If a loss occurs Q2 instructs the custodian to
cover the loss. The Firm is then responsible for payment to the custodian.
ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
A. PERIODIC REVIEWS
Investment Accounts
Client accounts are periodically reviewed for compliance with the written investment policy and restrictions.
At least once per calendar year a representative will seek to review the account with you.
Financial Plans
For Clients with Plan Monitoring, we periodically analyze your plan's progress toward your goals. We seek to
review this analysis with you at appropriate intervals. For Clients who also utilize our Investment
Management services, plan monitoring reviews may be aligned and conducted concurrently with your
investment account reviews.
B. OTHER THAN PERIODIC BASIS
Intermittent reviews may be triggered by substantial market fluctuation, economic or political events, or
changes in the client’s financial status (such as retirement, termination of employment, relocation,
inheritance, etc.). Clients are advised to notify the Firm promptly if there are any material changes in their
financial situation, investment objectives, or in the event they wish to place restrictions on their account.
C. REPORTS
Account Statement
At least quarterly, the qualified custodian is required to send the Client an account statement identifying the
amount of funds and of each security in the account at the end of the period and setting forth all transactions
in the account during that period.
Billing Reports
As a supplement, the Firm generally posts itemized billing reports to our client software portal. Clients may
log in to the portal at their convenience to review or download these reports. Portal access is not mandatory,
but we do not automatically deliver these reports via email or mail. If a client is unable to establish portal
access, they may request a one-time, nonrecurring copy by email or paper from their representative.
Performance Reports
As a supplement, the Firm generally posts “Net of Fee” performance reports to our client software portal.
Clients may log in to the portal at their convenience to review or download these reports. Portal access is not
mandatory, but we do not automatically deliver these reports via email or mail. If a client is unable to
establish portal access, they may request a one-time, nonrecurring copy by email or paper from their
representative.
Page 25 of 27
October 29, 2026
ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
A. OTHER COMPENSATION
The Firm receives an economic benefit from the custodians because they provide access to institutional
trading platforms, operational technology, and discounts on third-party products and services, at no direct
cost. Receiving these benefits creates a conflict of interest, as it gives the Firm an incentive to recommend a
custodian based on the benefits we receive. The Firm mitigates this conflict by disclosure and periodically
evaluating its custodial selection and recommendation.
B. CLIENT REFERRALS
The Firm may directly or indirectly compensate third-party promoters for referring clients to the Adviser. This
practice presents a conflict of interest because the promoter has a financial incentive to recommend our
services. To mitigate this conflict, arrangements comply with applicable SEC rules. Clients referred by a
promoter receive a disclosure outlining the material terms of the compensation arrangement and any
associated conflicts of interest at the time the endorsement is disseminated.
Additionally, the firm may provide a referral bonus or other compensation to its employees for referring
prospective clients. This creates a conflict of interest, as employees have a financial incentive to recommend
our services. We mitigate this conflict through our commitment to our fiduciary duty and by ensuring all
recommendations are in the best interest of the client.
ITEM 15: CUSTODY
A. CUSTODIAN OF ASSETS
Custody is defined as holding, directly or indirectly, client funds or securities or having any authority to obtain
possession of them. The Firm is deemed to have custody whenever a client authorizes the Firm to deduct its
advisory fee from an account. The SEC considers this a limited form of custody requiring certain procedures.
Client funds and securities are held by a qualified custodian. The qualified custodian will send an account
statement to the client at least quarterly, and clients should carefully review those statements and are urged
to compare them to any statements received from the Firm. When clients have questions about a statement,
they should contact the custodian or the firm preparing the statement. The Firm will form a reasonable basis,
after due inquiry, to believe that the qualified custodian sends account statements directly to each client at
least quarterly.
ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Discretionary authority allows the Adviser to implement investment decisions without prior client
consultation and authorizes the Adviser to grant sub-advisers discretionary authority to trade in the client
account. This authority is granted by the client completing the discretionary investment advisory agreement.
If a sub-adviser is utilized, you will not be required to execute a separate agreement, as the Adviser is
authorized to hire and fire sub-advisers on your behalf. However, you may be required to sign specific
custodial forms granting the sub-adviser authority on the account.
Non-discretionary authority allows the Adviser to implement investment decisions after client approval. This
authority shall only be exercised after approval from the client and completion of the non-discretionary
investment advisory agreement.
ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
The Firm, as a matter of policy and practice, does not maintain the authority to vote proxies on behalf of
advisory clients. Clients will receive their proxy materials and solicitations directly from their qualified
custodian or the applicable transfer agent. Clients are encouraged to read through the proxy voting
documents and make a determination based on the information provided.
Upon the client's request, Firm representatives may provide objective education and limited clarification of
the issues presented in the proxy voting materials based on their understanding of the issues. However, Firm
representatives will not make specific recommendations on how to vote managed securities, and clients
retain the ultimate responsibility to actually cast the vote.
Page 26 of 27
October 29, 2026
Sub-Advisers and Third-Party Asset Managers: If we allocate all or a portion of your account to a Firm-
retained sub-adviser or third-party asset manager, you may authorize that manager to vote proxies for its
managed assets on your behalf (where offered by the manager). In such cases, the sub-adviser or third-party
asset manager will vote proxies in accordance with their own proxy voting policies and procedures;
otherwise, you retain proxy voting responsibility.
ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. BALANCE SHEET REQUIREMENT
The Firm did not include a balance sheet because it does not require prepayment of fees for more than $1,200
per client, six (6) months or more in advance.
B. FINANCIAL CONDITION
The Firm has discretionary authority and is deemed to have a limited form of custody when it’s authorized to
deduct fees from a client account but it does not have any financial condition that is reasonably likely to
impair its ability to meet contractual commitments to clients.
C. BANKRUPTCY PETITION
The Firm has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the last 10 years.
Page 27 of 27