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2A BROCHURE
Lane Brothers Investment Counsel (CRD 105968), brochure dated October 26, 2026. Text extracted from the firm's SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure.
View firm on SEC ↗ · Current Form ADV (PDF) ↗
Item 1 - Cover Page
LANE BROTHERS
INVESTMENT COUNSEL
1560 PLAZA WEST DRIVE
PRESCOTT, AZ 86303
(928) 776-8870
7373 E. Doubletree Ranch Rd #200
Scottsdale, Arizona 85258
www.LaneBrothers.com
October 25, 2026
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Lane
Brothers Investment Counsel. If you have any questions about the contents of this
Brochure, please contact us at (928) 776-8870 or megan@lanebrothers.com. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the SEC or any State
securities authority.
Lane Brothers Investment Counsel is a Registered Investment Adviser. Registration with
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority
does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about Lane Brothers Investment Counsel is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can search this site by a unique identifying
number, known as an IARD number. The IARD number for Lane Brothers Investment
Counsel is 105968.
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Item 2 - Material Changes
This Brochure is prepared according to the State registration requirements and rules. This
Item will discuss only specific material changes that are made to the Brochure and provide
clients with a summary of such changes. We will also reference the date of our last annual
update of our brochure.
We have the following material changes since our last annual amendment on March 30,
2026:
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Item 5 – Fees and Compensation: We have amended our fee schedule to more
accurately disclose the breakpoints in our current fee structure.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation: We have included language regarding the use of
third-party platforms.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation: Removed references to referral
arrangements with third parties.
Currently, our Brochure may be requested by contacting Megan Lane, Chief Compliance
Officer, at (928)776-8870 or megan@lanebrothers.com.
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ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 1 - COVER PAGE
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ITEM 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES
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ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ITEM 4 - ADVISORY BUSINESS
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ITEM 5 - FEES AND COMPENSATION
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ITEM 6 - PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
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ITEM 7 - TYPES OF CLIENTS
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ITEM 8 - METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS11
ITEM 9 - DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
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ITEM 10 - OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
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ITEM 11 - CODE OF ETHICS
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ITEM 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES
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ITEM 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
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ITEM 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
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ITEM 15 - CUSTODY
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Item 4 - Advisory Business
This Disclosure document is being offered to you by Lane Brothers Investment Counsel
(“LBIC”) about the investment advisory services we provide. It discloses information
about our services and the way those services are made available to you, the client.
We are an investment management firm located in Prescott, Arizona. LBIC is the
Managing Member of Groton Partners, LLC, a private partnership which are made
available to accredited investors only. Kevin P. Lane is the President, Chief Executive
Officer, Majority Shareholder and Director of Lane Brothers Investment Counsel. This
private fund is currently closed to new investors.
Portfolio Management Services
We offer discretionary portfolio management services. Our investment advice is tailored
to meet our clients' needs and investment objectives.
If you participate in our discretionary portfolio management services, we require you to
grant us discretionary authority to manage your account. Subject to a grant of discretionary
authorization, we have the authority and responsibility to formulate investment strategies
on your behalf. Discretionary authorization will allow us to determine the specific
securities, and the amount of securities, to be purchased or sold for your account without
obtaining your approval prior to each transaction. We will also have discretion over the
broker or dealer to be used for securities transactions in your account. Discretionary
authority is typically granted by the investment advisory agreement you sign with our firm,
a power of attorney, or trading authorization forms.
Non-discretionary portfolio management services are currently limited to our private
partnership, guided by private offering memorandums. Private funds are currently closed
to new investors.
IRA Rollover Recommendations
Effective December 20, 2021 (or such later date as the US Department of Labor (“DOL”)
Field Assistance Bulletin 2018-02 ceases to be in effect), for purposes of complying with
the DOL’s Prohibited Transaction Exemption 2020-02 (“PTE 2020-02”) where applicable,
we are providing the following acknowledgment to you. When we provide investment
advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we
are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement
accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests, so we
operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our
interest ahead of yours. Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations
(give prudent advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations
(give loyal advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
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• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in
your best interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
We benefit financially from the rollover of your assets from a retirement account to an
account that we manage or provide investment advice, because the assets increase our
assets under management and, in turn, our advisory fees. As a fiduciary, we only
recommend a rollover when we believe it is in your best interest.
Financial Planning Services
We offer financial planning services both as an incorporation to our portfolio management
services, and as a standalone service. Financial planning services typically involve
providing a variety of advisory services to clients regarding the management of their
financial resources based upon an analysis of their individual needs. These services can
range from broad-based financial planning to consultative or single subject planning. If
you retain our firm for financial planning services, we will meet with you to gather
information about your financial circumstances and objectives. We may also use financial
planning software to determine your current financial position and to define and quantify
your long-term goals and objectives. Once we specify those long-term objectives (both
financial and non-financial), we will develop shorter-term, targeted objectives. Once we
review and analyze the information you provide to our firm and the data derived from our
financial planning software, if included in we will deliver a written plan to you, designed
to help you achieve your stated financial goals and objectives.
Financial plans are based on your financial situation at the time we present the plan to you,
and on the financial information you provide to us. You must promptly notify our firm if
your financial situation, goals, objectives, or needs change.
Additionally, LBIC has entered into a partnership with Trust & Will, an online estate
planning provider. Trust & Will allows users to create, manage and administrate estate
plans through a technology platform. LBIC purchased access to the Trust & Will platform
as an annual license and can invite or refer clients to the platform for estate planning.
Trust & Will allows clients to create estate planning documents to action the legacy
objectives that we have designed together. Once referred to Trust & Will, clients enter the
platform and are guided through the document creation process by Trust & Will, not by
LBIC. Though LBIC can refer clients to the platform, we are not involved with the drafting
of the legal documents and do not have the ability to make selections for the client. As an
advisor, we can receive read-only visibility of the client account so that we can help ensure
they complete the process of creating and continue to monitor for optimization
opportunities. Clients have no obligation to use Trust & Will. Clients will incur a
discounted fee of $500 due to LBIC’s partnership. LBIC may receive compensation from
Trust & Will in connection with this partnership, including when clients purchase
additional services through Trust & Willas a result of LBIC’s referral. This compensation
does not increase the price you pay to LBIC for our services.
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LBIC is not a law firm and does not provide legal or tax advice. Trust & Will is not a law
firm, and its services are not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Any attorney support
is provided by independent attorneys, not by LBIC. You are under no obligation to use
Trust & Will, and you may obtain estate planning services from any provider you choose.
Please consult a qualified attorney regarding your specific situation.
Financial Consulting Services
We offer financial consulting services that primarily involve advising clients on specific
financial-related topics. The topics we address may include, but are not limited to, risk
assessment/management, investment planning, financial organization, or financial decision
making/negotiation.
Selection of Other Advisers
For certain legacy accounts, we have recommended the services of a third party money
manager ("TPMM") to manage all, or a portion of, the client’s portfolio in municipal bonds.
At this time, we do not utilize this third party for new clients. For accounts subject to this
selection, the client is not charged any advisory fees from LBIC and is considered an
account under advisement. Further, LBIC retains the right to hire or fire this third party
adviser at any time. Factors that we take into consideration when making our
recommendation(s) include, but are not limited to, the following: the TPMM's
performance, methods of analysis, fees, your financial needs, investment goals, risk
tolerance, and investment objectives. We will monitor the TPMM(s)' performance to
ensure its management and investment style remains aligned with your investment goals
and objectives.
Pension and Retirement Plan Consulting Services
We offer pension consulting services to employee benefit plans and their fiduciaries based
upon the needs of the plan and the services requested by the plan sponsor or named
fiduciary. In general, these services may include an existing plan review and analysis, plan-
level advice regarding fund selection and investment options, education services to plan
participants, investment performance monitoring, and/or ongoing consulting. These
pension consulting services will generally be non-discretionary and advisory in nature. The
ultimate decision to act on behalf of the plan shall remain with the plan sponsor or other
named fiduciary. In some cases we are the 3(38) Investment Fiduciary for the plan, on
behalf of the plan sponsor. The individual investment selection is reserved to the
participants.
We may also assist with participant enrollment meetings and provide investment-related
educational seminars to plan participants on such topics as
· Diversification;
· Asset allocation;
· Risk tolerance; and
· Time horizon
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Our educational seminars may include other investment-related topics specific to the
particular plan.
We may also provide additional types of pension consulting services to plans on an
individually negotiated basis. All services, whether discussed above or customized for the
plan based upon requirements from the plan fiduciaries (which may include additional
plan-level or participant-level services) shall be detailed in a written agreement and be
consistent with the parameters set forth in the plan documents.
Either party to the pension consulting agreement may terminate the agreement upon written
notice to the other party in accordance with the terms of the agreement for services. The
pension consulting fees will be prorated for the quarter in which the termination notice is
given and any unearned fees will be refunded to the client.
Private Funds
LBIC manages, on a non-discretionary basis, that qualified clients allocate a portion of
their investment assets among a private investment fund, Groton Partners, LLC a real estate
fund. LBIC and/or its designee(s) manages the partnership assets on a non-discretionary
basis. The terms and conditions for participation in the Partnership are set forth in the
Partnership offering documents (discussing fees-including fees paid to the Managing
Member, conflicts of interest, risk factors, and liquidity constraints), which each investor
client received, and completed and submitted to the Managing Member in order to
demonstrate qualification for the Partnership. Three funds currently closed.
Private investment funds (including the Partnership) generally involve various risk factors
and liquidity restraints, a complete discussion of which is set forth in each fund’s offering
documents, which will be provided to each client for review and consideration. Each
prospective client investor will be required to complete a Subscription Agreement,
pursuant to which the client shall establish that he/she is qualified for investment in the
fund, and acknowledges and accepts the various risk factors that are associated with such
an investment.
Wrap Fee Program
Please note that the firm does not act as an investment manager pursuant to any wrap fee
program.
Assets
As of December 31, 2025, LBIC managed assets in the amount of $240, 099,860 on a
discretionary basis and no assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation
Portfolio Management Services
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Our fee for portfolio management services is based on a percentage of the assets in your
account and is set forth in each client’s Investment Advisory Agreement. In no instance
would fees ever be charged higher than 1.15% annually.
Our typical fee schedule is as follows:
Managed Account Total Value
$0 - $999,999
$1,000,000 - $1,999,999
$2,000,000 - $2,999,999
$3,000,000+
Annual Asset Management Fee
1.15%
1.00%
0.85%
0.75%
Our annual portfolio management fee is billed and payable, quarterly in advance, based on
the end of quarter market value of the account. Please note that we calculate our fees
through our portfolio accounting system, Advyzon, which has a feed from the custodian.
However, the quarter end balance determined by Advyzon, and which we calculate our
fees, could be different from your balance on your custodial statement due to timing of
corporate actions, accrued interest, and trade settlements. Our advisory fee is negotiable,
depending on individual client circumstances, at the firm’s discretion.
If the portfolio management agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of a
calendar quarter, our fees will apply on a pro rata basis, which means that the advisory fee
is payable in proportion to the number of days in the quarter for which you are a client.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the
same household to determine the applicable advisory fee. For example, we may combine
account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and other
types of related accounts. Combining account values may increase the asset total, which
may result in your paying a reduced advisory fee based on the available breakpoints in our
fee schedule stated above.
We will deduct our fee directly from your account through the qualified custodian holding
your funds and securities. We will deduct our advisory fee only when you have given our
firm written authorization permitting the fees to be paid directly from your account.
Further, the qualified custodian will deliver an account statement to you at least quarterly.
These account statements will show all disbursements from your account. We encourage
you to reconcile our invoices with the statement(s) you receive from the qualified
custodian.
You may terminate the portfolio management agreement at any time. If you have pre-paid
advisory fees that we have not yet earned, you will receive a prorated refund of those fees.
Financial Planning Services
Typically, we include financial planning as part of our advisory services. When
appropriate, we charge a fixed fee for standalone financial planning services, which
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generally ranges between $1,500 and $5,000. The fee is negotiable depending upon the
complexity and scope of the plan, your financial situation, and your objectives. We do not
require you to pay fees six or more months in advance. Should the engagement last longer
than six months between acceptance of financial planning agreement and delivery of the
financial plan, any prepaid unearned fees will be promptly returned to you less a pro rata
charge for bona fide financial planning services rendered to date.
Estate Planning Fees—If clients elect to using the Trust & Will estate planning tool, LBIC
will charge a one-time fee of $500.
Financial Consulting Services
We charge a fixed fee for financial consulting services. Fixed fees are negotiable and range
widely, depending on the scope and complexity of services rendered. Our consulting fee is
payable upon completion of the agreed upon consulting services.
Pension Consulting Services
Our advisory fees for these customized services will be negotiated with the plan sponsor
or named fiduciary on a case-by-case basis.
You may terminate the pension consulting services agreement upon 30 days’ notice to our
firm. You will incur a pro rata charge for services rendered prior to the termination of the
agreement, which means you will incur advisory fees only in proportion to the number of
days in the quarter for which you are a client. If you have pre-paid advisory fees that we
have not yet earned, you will receive a prorated refund of those fees.
Management Services to Pooled Investment Vehicles
LBIC serves as the Investment Manager or Investment Adviser to the Funds. Typically,
the Investment Manager or Investment Adviser is responsible for the management,
operation and control of the investment activities of the Funds, to the extent provided in
the Partnership Agreement and Management Agreement. The Investment Manager's
primary functions will be to identify, analyze and select potential Portfolio Investments.
Each Limited Partner will pay to the Partnership, and the Partnership will pay to the
Investment Manager an annual management fee (the "Management Fee") equal to one
percent (1%) of such Limited Partner's aggregate subscription amount. The Management
Fee will be calculated and payable annually in advance for each calendar year. The General
Partner may waive or reduce the Management Fee with respect to any Limited Partner.
Additional Fees and Expenses
As part of our investment advisory services to you, we may invest, or recommend that you
invest, in mutual funds and exchange traded funds. The fees that you pay to our firm for
investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged
by mutual funds or exchange traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to their
shareholders. These fees will generally include a management fee and other fund expenses.
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Fees can also include professional fees, audit fees and research fees. You will also incur
transaction charges and/or brokerage fees when purchasing or selling securities. These
charges and fees are typically imposed by the broker-dealer or custodian through whom
your account transactions are executed. We do not share in any portion of the brokerage
fees/transaction charges imposed by the broker-dealer or custodian. To fully understand
the total cost you will incur, you should review all the fees charged by mutual funds,
exchange traded funds, our firm, and others. For information on our brokerage practices,
refer to the Brokerage Practices section of this brochure.
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
LBIC charges performance fees and management fees (in accordance with the provisions
of CCR Section 260.234) in three private investment partnerships that are available to
accredited clients.
"Accredited clients" having a net worth greater than $2,200,000 or for whom we manage
at least $1,100,000 immediately after entering an agreement for our services. (Clients who
engaged our firm prior to August 16, 2021 may be subject to lower thresholds in place at
the time they became clients.) Performance-based fees are fees based on a share of capital
gains or capital appreciation of a client's account. The fixed portion of the fee will not
exceed 10% per annum of current portfolio equity, payable quarterly.
Performance fees are calculated by an independent CPA based on net performance of a
portfolio, or net profits at the conclusion of the real estate project. The fee is capped at
10%, and paid out if earned. Portfolio performance fee is subjected to a high water mark,
and after cumulative losses have been cured. Fees will be adjusted for deposits and
withdrawals made during the 12-month period. In the event the client makes a complete
withdrawal from the account on a date other than year-end, fees will be due at the time of
withdrawal.
Please refer to the private offering memorandum documents for additional
information on this topic. Those documents discuss the higher cost as it relates to
incentives, risk and liquidity issues on a fully disclosed basis.
Investments within the partnership are not charged fees under the standard quarterly billing
cycles, for obvious reasons.
Side by Side Management
Performance-based fees may also create an incentive for our firm to overvalue investments
which lack a market quotation. In order to address such conflict, we have adopted policies
and procedures that require our firm to "fairly value" any investments, which do not have
a readily ascertainable value.
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Lastly, as the private investment partnerships do not invest in the same types of
investments as purchased in LBIC’s investment management accounts, no further
conflicts of interest exist with respect to side-by-side management.
Item 7 - Types of Clients
LBIC provides management services to individuals, including high net worth individuals,
charitable organizations, pension and profit-sharing plans, corporations and other
businesses, as well as one (1) private fund.
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of
Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients in the funds should be prepared to
bear.
We use one or more of the following methods of analysis or investment strategies when
providing investment advice to you:
Charting Analysis - involves the gathering and processing of price and volume pattern
information for a particular security, sector, broad index or commodity. This price and
volume pattern information is analyzed. The resulting pattern and correlation data is used
to detect departures from expected performance and diversification and predict future price
movements and trends.
Risk: Our charting analysis may not accurately detect anomalies or predict future
price movements. Current prices of securities may reflect all information known
about the security and day-to-day changes in market prices of securities may follow
random patterns and may not be predictable with any reliable degree of accuracy.
Technical Analysis - involves studying past price patterns, trends and interrelationships in
the financial markets to assess risk-adjusted performance and predict the direction of both
the overall market and specific securities.
Risk: The risk of market timing based on technical analysis is that our analysis may
not accurately detect anomalies or predict future price movements. Current prices
of securities may reflect all information known about the security and day-to-day
changes in market prices of securities may follow random patterns and may not be
predictable with any reliable degree of accuracy.
Fundamental Analysis - involves analyzing individual companies and their industry
groups, such as a company's financial statements, details regarding the company's product
line, the experience and expertise of the company's management, and the outlook for the
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company and its industry. The resulting data is used to measure the true value of the
company's stock compared to the current market value.
Risk: The risk of fundamental analysis is that information obtained may be
incorrect and the analysis may not provide an accurate estimate of earnings, which
may be the basis for a stock's value. If securities prices adjust rapidly to new
information, utilizing fundamental analysis may not result
in favorable
performance.
Cyclical Analysis - a type of technical analysis that involves evaluating recurring price
patterns and trends. Economic/business cycles may not be predictable and may have many
fluctuations between long-term expansions and contractions.
Risk: The lengths of economic cycles may be difficult to predict with accuracy and
therefore the risk of cyclical analysis is the difficulty in predicting economic trends
and consequently the changing value of securities that would be affected by these
changing trends.
Modern Portfolio Theory - a theory of investment which attempts to maximize portfolio
expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a
given level of expected return, by carefully diversifying the proportions of various assets.
Risk: Market risk is that part of a security's risk that is common to all securities of
the same general class (stocks and bonds) and thus cannot be eliminated by
diversification.
Long-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that the value of those
securities will grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year.
Risk: Using a long-term purchase strategy generally assumes the financial markets
will go up in the long-term which may not be the case. There is also the risk that
the segment of the market that you are invested in or perhaps just your particular
investment will go down over time even if the overall financial markets advance.
Purchasing investments long-term may create an opportunity cost - "locking-up"
assets that may be better utilized in the short-term in other investments.
Short-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that they will be sold
within a relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of
the securities' short-term price fluctuations.
Risk: Using a short-term purchase strategy generally assumes that we can predict
how financial markets will perform in the short-term which may be very difficult
and will incur a disproportionately higher amount of transaction costs compared to
long-term trading. There are many factors that can affect financial market
performance in the short-term (such as short-term interest rate changes, cyclical
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earnings announcements, etc.) but may have a smaller impact over longer periods
of times.
Short Sales - Unlike a straightforward investment in stocks where you buy shares with the
expectation that their price will increase so you can sell at a profit, in a "short sale" you
borrow stocks from your brokerage firm and sell them immediately, hoping to buy them
later at a lower price. Thus, a short seller hopes that the price of a stock will go down in
the near future. A short seller thus uses declines in the market to his advantage. The short
seller makes money when the stock prices fall and loses when prices go up. The SEC has
strict regulations in place regarding short selling.
Short selling is very risky. Investors should exercise extreme caution before short
selling is implemented. A short seller will profit if the stock goes down in price, but
if the price of the shares increase, the potential losses are unlimited because the
stock can keep rising forever. There is no ceiling on how much a short seller can
lose in a trade. The share price may keep going up and the short seller will have to
pay whatever the prevailing stock price is to buy back the shares. However, gains
have a ceiling level because the stock price cannot fall below zero.
A short seller has to undertake to pay the earnings on the borrowed securities
as long as the short seller chooses to keep the short position open. If the
company declares huge dividends or issues bonus shares, the short seller will have
to pay that amount to the lender. Any such occurrence can skew the entire short
investment and make it unprofitable. The broker can use the funds in the short
seller's margin account to buy back the loaned shares or issue a "call away" to get
the short seller to return the borrowed securities. If the broker makes this call when
the stock price is much higher than the price at the time of the short sale, then the
investor can end up taking huge losses.
Margin interest can be a significant expense. Since short sales can only be
undertaken in margin accounts, the interest payable on short trades can be
substantial, especially if short positions are kept open over an extended period.
Shares that are difficult to borrow – because of high short interest, limited float,
or any other reason – have “hard-to-borrow” fees. These fees are based on an
annualized rate that can range from a small fraction of a percent to more than 100%
of the value of the short trade. The hard-to-borrow rate can fluctuate substantially
on a daily basis; therefore, the exact dollar amount of the fee may not be known in
advance, and may be substantial.
Margin Transactions - a securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to
purchase a security, in which case the security serves as collateral on the loan.
Risk: If the value of the shares drops sufficiently, the investor will be required to
either deposit more cash into the account or sell a portion of the stock in order to
maintain the margin requirements of the account. This is known as a "margin call."
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An investor's overall risk includes the amount of money invested plus the amount
that was loaned to them.
Alternative Investments
The following are the private placement investments offered by LBIC offers private
placement investments into Groton Partners, LLC, a real estate fund, for accredited
investors.
Groton Partners, LLC is a direct real estate development of 26 residential homes in Groton,
MA. As of September 2025 there remains one unit to be sold to close out the investment
program. Checking and money market accounts for Groton Partners, LLC are custodied at
Academy Bank.
Risk of Loss
Clients must understand that past performance is not indicative of future results. Therefore,
current and prospective clients should never assume that future performance of any specific
investment or investment strategy will be profitable. Investing in securities involves risk
of loss. Further, depending on the different types of investments there will be varying
degrees of risk. Clients and prospective clients should be prepared to bear investment loss
including loss of original principal.
Because of the inherent risk of loss associated with investing, LBIC is unable to represent,
guarantee, or even imply that our services and methods of analysis can or will predict future
results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate you from losses due to
market corrections or declines.
Investors should be aware that their investment is subject to the following risks:
Liquidity Risk: The risk of being unable to sell your investment at a fair price at a given
time due to high volatility or lack of active liquid markets. You may receive a lower price
or it may not be possible to sell the investment at all.
Credit Risk: Credit risk typically applies to debt investments such as corporate, municipal,
and sovereign fixed income or bonds. A bond issuing entity can experience a credit event
that could impair or erase the value of an issuer’s securities held by a client.
Inflation and Interest Rate Risk: Security prices and portfolio returns will likely vary in
response to changes in inflation and interest rates. Inflation causes the value of future
dollars to be worth less and may reduce the purchasing power of a client’s future interest
payments and principal. Inflation also generally leads to higher interest rates which may
cause the value of many types of fixed income investments to decline.
Horizon and Longevity Risk: The risk that your investment horizon is shortened because
of an unforeseen event, for example, the loss of your job. This may force you to sell
investments that you were expecting to hold for the long term. If you must sell at a time
that the markets are down, you may lose money. Longevity Risk is the risk of outliving
your savings. This risk is particularly relevant for people who are retired, or are nearing
retirement.
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Bonds: Corporate debt securities (or "bonds") are typically safer investments than equity
securities, but their risk can also vary widely based on: the financial health of the issuer;
the risk that the issuer might default; when the bond is set to mature; and, whether or not
the bond can be "called" prior to maturity. When a bond is called, it may not be possible to
replace it with a bond of equal character paying the same rate of return.
Stocks: There are numerous ways of measuring the risk of equity securities (also known
simply as "equities" or "stock"). In very broad terms, the value of a stock depends on the
financial health of the company issuing it. However, stock prices can be affected by many
other factors including, but not limited to the class of stock (for example, preferred or
common); the health of the market sector of the issuing company; and, the overall health
of the economy. In general, larger, better established companies ("large cap") tend to be
safer than smaller start-up companies ("small cap") are but the mere size of an issuer is not,
by itself, an indicator of the safety of the investment.
Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds: Mutual funds and exchange traded funds
("ETF") are professionally managed collective investment systems that pool money from
many investors and invest in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, other
mutual funds, other securities, or any combination thereof. The fund will have a manager
that trades the fund's investments in accordance with the fund's investment objective. While
mutual funds and ETFs generally provide diversification, risks can be significantly
increased if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the market, primarily invests
in small cap or speculative companies, uses leverage (i.e., borrows money) to a significant
degree, or concentrates in a particular type of security (i.e., equities) rather than balancing
the fund with different types of securities. ETFs differ from mutual funds since they can
be bought and sold throughout the day like stock and their price can fluctuate throughout
the day. The returns on mutual funds and ETFs can be reduced by the costs to manage the
funds. Also, while some mutual funds are "no load" and charge no fee to buy into, or sell
out of, the fund, other types of mutual funds do charge such fees which can also reduce
returns. Mutual funds can also be "closed end" or "open end". So-called "open end" mutual
funds continue to allow in new investors indefinitely whereas "closed end" funds have a
fixed number of shares to sell which can limit their availability to new investors.
ETFs may have tracking error risks. For example, the ETF investment adviser may not be
able to cause the ETF’s performance to match that of its Underlying Index or other
benchmark, which may negatively affect the ETF's performance. In addition, for leveraged
and inverse ETFs that seek to track the performance of their Underlying Indices or
benchmarks on a daily basis, mathematical compounding may prevent the ETF from
correlating with performance of its benchmark. In addition, an ETF may not have
investment exposure to all of the securities included in its Underlying Index, or its
weighting of investment exposure to such securities may vary from that of the Underlying
Index. Some ETFs may invest in securities or financial instruments that are not included in
the Underlying Index, but which are expected to yield similar performance.
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Alternative Investments - Investments classified as "alternative investments" may include
a broad range of underlying assets including, but not limited to, hedge funds, private equity,
venture capital, and registered, publicly traded securities. Alternative investments are
speculative, not suitable for all clients and intended for only experienced and sophisticated
investors who are willing to bear the high risk of the investment, which can include: loss
of all or a substantial portion of the investment due to leveraging, short-selling, or other
speculative investment practices; lack of liquidity in that there may be no secondary market
for the fund and none expected to develop; volatility of returns; potential for restrictions
on transferring interest in the fund; potential lack of diversification and resulting higher
risk due to concentration of trading authority with a single advisor; absence of information
regarding valuations and pricing; potential for delays in tax reporting; less regulation and
typically higher fees than other investment options such as mutual funds. The SEC requires
investors be accredited to invest in these more speculative alternative investments.
Investing in a fund that concentrates its investments in a few holdings may involve
heightened risk and result in greater price volatility.
Cybersecurity Risk - In addition to the Material Risks listed above, investing involves
various operational and “cybersecurity” risks. These risks include both intentional and
unintentional events at LBIC or one of its third-party counterparties or service providers,
that may result in a loss or corruption of data, result in the unauthorized release or other
misuse of confidential information, and generally compromise our Firm’s ability to
conduct its business. A cybersecurity breach may also result in a third-party obtaining
unauthorized access to our clients’ information, including social security numbers, home
addresses, account numbers, account balances, and account holdings. Our Firm has
established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to reduce the
risks associated with cybersecurity breaches. However, there are inherent limitations in
these plans and systems, including that certain risks may not have been identified, in large
part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. As such, there is no
guarantee that such efforts will succeed, especially because our Firm does not directly
control the cybersecurity systems of our third-party service providers. There is also a risk
that cybersecurity breaches may not be detected.
Item 9 - Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any
legal or disciplinary events that would be material to your evaluation of LBIC or the
integrity of LBIC’s management. LBIC has no information applicable to this Item. LBIC
has had no complaints nor disciplinary action in over 35 years of business.
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
LBIC has no other financial industry activities or affiliations.
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Item 11 - Code of Ethics
Code of Ethics
LBIC has adopted a Code of Ethics (Code) that sets forth standards of business conduct,
including compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws, that it requires of
its officers, management and employees (associated persons). The Code is based on the
principle that LBIC and its associated persons have an overarching fiduciary duty to, at all
times, place the interests of its clients first. The Code establishes that no associated person
of LBIC shall prefer their own interests to those of advisory clients and, among other
things, prohibits the use of material non-public information. A copy of LBIC’s Code is
available upon written request.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
We serve as the general partner or are affiliated with one or more private funds (private
pooled investment vehicles) in which you may be solicited to invest. Our Company, certain
members of its management, and other knowledgeable employees may acquire, directly or
indirectly, investment interests in our fund or have other financial interests (e.g. General
Partner, Officers, Board Members, etc.) in the funds. This presents a conflict of interest
because we have investments and/or are compensated by the private funds. Conflicts that
arise are mitigated through our Company’s fiduciary obligation to act in the best interest
of our clients, contractual limitations that govern our activities as adviser or general partner,
as applicable, and the requirement of our Company not to place its interests before its
clients’ interests when managing the funds. If you are an investor in a private fund, refer
to the private fund’s offering documents for detailed disclosures regarding the private
funds.
Personal Trading Practices
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell the same securities that we
recommend to you or securities in which you are already invested. A conflict of interest
exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you and potentially
receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To mitigate this conflict of interest, it
is our policy that neither our firm nor persons associated with our firm shall have priority
over your account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Aggregated Trading
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell securities for you at the same
time we or persons associated with our firm buy or sell such securities for our own account.
We may also combine our orders to purchase securities with your orders to purchase
securities ("aggregated trading"). Refer to the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure
for information on our aggregated trading practices.
A conflict of interest exists in such cases because we have the ability to trade ahead of you
and potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive. To eliminate this
conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither our firm nor persons associated with our
firm shall have priority over your account in the purchase or sale of securities.
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Item 12 - Brokerage Practices
We recommend the brokerage and custodial services of Charles Schwab among other
custodians (whether one or more "Custodian"). Your assets must be maintained in an
account at a “qualified custodian,” generally a broker-dealer or bank. In recognition of the
value of the services the Custodian provides, you may pay higher commissions and/or
trading costs than those that may be available elsewhere. Our selection of custodian is
based on many factors, including the level of services provided, the custodian’s financial
stability, and the cost of services provided by the custodian to our clients, which includes
the yield on cash sweep choices, commissions, custody fees and other fees or expenses.
We seek to recommend a custodian/broker that will hold your assets and execute
transactions on terms that are, overall, the most favorable compared to other available
providers and their services. We consider various factors, including:
• Capability to buy and sell securities for your account itself or to facilitate such
services.
• The likelihood that your trades will be executed.
• Availability of investment research and tools.
• Overall quality of services.
• Competitiveness of price.
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability.
• Existing relationship with our firm and our other clients.
The custodian and brokers we use
We do not maintain custody of your assets that we manage/on which we advise, although
we may be deemed to have custody of your assets if you give us authority to withdraw
assets from your account (see Item 15—Custody, below). Your assets must be maintained
in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally a broker-dealer or bank. We recommend
that our clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab), a registered broker- dealer,
member SIPC, as the qualified custodian.
We are independently owned and operated and are not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab will
hold your assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when [we/you] instruct
them to. While we recommend that you use Schwab as custodian/broker, you will decide
whether to do so and will open your account with Schwab by entering into an account
agreement directly with them. Conflicts of interest associated with this arrangement are
described below as well as in Item 14 (Client referrals and other compensation). You
should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting your custodian.
We do not open the account for you, although we may assist you in doing so. Even though
your account is maintained at Schwab, we can still use other brokers to execute trades for
your account as described below (see “Your brokerage and custody costs”).
How we select brokers/custodians
We seek to select a custodian/broker that will hold your assets and execute transactions.
When considering whether the terms that Schwab provides are, overall, most advantageous
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to you when compared with other available providers and their services, we consider a
wide range of factors, including:
• Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services
(generally without a separate fee for custody)
• Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades (buy and sell securities for your
account)
• Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers,
check requests, bill payment, etc.)
• Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-
traded funds "ETFs", etc.)
• Availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment
decisions
• Quality of services
• Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest
rates, other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate the prices
• Reputation, financial strength, security, and stability
• Prior service to us and our clients
• Availability of other products and services that benefit us, as discussed below (see
“Products and services available to us from Schwab”)
Your brokerage and trading costs
For our clients’ accounts that Schwab maintains, Schwab generally does not charge you
separately for custody services but is compensated by charging you commissions or other
fees on trades that it executes or that settle into your Schwab account. Certain trades (for
example, many mutual funds, and U.S. exchange-listed equities and ETFs) may not incur
Schwab commissions or transaction fees. Schwab is also compensated by earning interest
on the uninvested cash in your account in Schwab’s Cash Features Program. These fees
are in addition to the commissions or other compensation you pay the executing broker-
dealer.
We are not required to select the broker or dealer that charges the lowest transaction cost,
even if that broker provides execution quality comparable to other brokers or dealers.
Although we are not required to execute all trade through Schwab, we have determined
that having Schwab execute most trades is consistent with our duty to seek “best execution”
of your trades. Best execution means the most favorable terms for a transaction based on
all relevant factors, including those listed above (see “How we select brokers/ custodians”).
By using another broker or dealer you may pay lower transaction costs.
Products and services available to us from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services™ is Schwab’s business serving independent investment
advisory firms like ours. They provide us and our clients with access to their institutional
brokerage services (trading, custody, reporting, and related services), many of which are
not typically available to Schwab retail customers. However, certain retail investors may
be able to get institutional brokerage services from Schwab without going through our firm.
Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those services help us
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manage or administer our clients’ accounts, while others help us manage and grow our
business. Schwab’s support services are generally available at no charge to us. Following
is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services:
Services that benefit you. Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a
broad range of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of
client assets. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which
we might not otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum
initial investment by our clients. Schwab’s services described in this paragraph generally
benefit you and your account.
Services that do not directly benefit you. Schwab also makes available to us other
products and services that benefit us but do not directly benefit you or your account. These
products and services assist us in managing and administering our clients’ accounts and
operating our firm. They include investment research, both Schwab’s own and that of third
parties. We use this research to service all or a substantial number of our clients’ accounts,
including accounts not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab
also makes available software and other technology that:
• Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and
account statements)
• Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts
• Provide pricing and other market data
• Facilitate payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts
• Assist with back-office functions, record keeping, and client reporting
Services that generally benefit only us. Schwab also offers other services intended to
help us manage and further develop our business enterprise. These services include:
• Educational conferences and events
• Consulting on technology and business needs
• Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
• Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance
providers
• Marketing consulting and support
Schwab provides some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-party
vendors to provide the services to us. Schwab also discounts or waives its fees for some of
these services or pays all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab also provides us with
other benefits, such as occasional business entertainment of our personnel. If you did not
maintain your account with Schwab, we would be required to pay for these services from
our own resources.
Our interest in Schwab’s services
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The availability of these services from Schwab benefits us because we do not have to
produce or purchase them. We don’t have to pay for Schwab’s services. These services are
not contingent upon us committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading
commissions or assets in custody. The fact that we receive these benefits from Schwab is
an incentive for us to recommend the use of Schwab rather than making such decision
based exclusively on your interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the
most favorable execution of your transactions. This is a conflict of interest. We believe,
however, that taken in the aggregate, our selection of Schwab as custodian and broker is in
the best interests of our clients. Our selection is primarily supported by the scope, quality,
and price of Schwab’s services (see “How we select brokers/custodians”) and not Schwab’s
services that benefit only us.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
We do not have any soft dollar arrangements.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other
compensation, such as brokerage services or research.
Directed Brokerage
We routinely require that you direct our firm to execute transactions through Charles
Schwab. As such, we may be unable to achieve the most favorable execution of your
transactions and you may pay higher brokerage commissions than you might otherwise pay
through another broker-dealer that offers the same types of services. Not all advisers
require their clients to direct brokerage.
In directed brokerage arrangements, the client is responsible for negotiating the
commission rates and other fees to be paid to the broker. When a client directs brokerage,
we may be unable to achieve most favorable execution of client transactions, and this
practice may cost clients more money and result in a certain degree of delay in executing
trades for their account(s) and otherwise adversely impact management of their account(s).
Block Trades
Transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently, unless we
decide to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at approximately the same
time. When we combine multiple orders for shares of the same securities purchased for
discretionary advisory accounts that we managed and execute at the same time, this
practice is commonly referred to as "block trading". We will aggregate client transactions
where possible and when in the best interest of our clients. We will then distribute a portion
of the shares to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner. Generally,
participating accounts will pay a fixed transaction cost regardless of the number of shares
transacted. In certain cases, each participating account pays an average price per share for
all transactions and pays a proportionate share of all transaction costs on any given day. In
the event an order is only partially filled, the shares will be allocated to participating
accounts in a fair and equitable manner, typically in proportion to the size of each client’s
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order. Accounts owned by our firm or persons associated with our firm may participate in
block trading with your accounts; however, they will not be given preferential treatment.
We do not block trade for non-discretionary accounts. Non-discretionary accounts are
solely related to the private fund offering.
Item 13 - Review of Accounts
For advisory clients, LBIC will monitor your accounts on an ongoing basis and will
conduct account reviews at least Annually to ensure the advisory services provided to you
are consistent with your investment needs and objectives. Additional reviews may be
conducted based on various circumstances, including, but not limited to:
• contributions and withdrawals;
• year-end tax planning;
• market moving events;
• security specific events; and/or
• changes in your risk/return objectives.
The individuals conducting reviews may vary from time to time, as personnel join or leave
our firm.
As the General Partner the funds are reviewed quarterly, and statements are provided to
investor from the fund.
Item 14 - Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc - Institutional
We receive an economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and
services it makes available to us and other independent investment advisors whose clients
maintain their accounts at Schwab. We benefit from the products and services provided
because the cost of these services would otherwise be borne directly by us, and this creates
a conflict. You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting a custodian. These
products and services, how they benefit us, and the related conflicts of interest are
described above (see Item 12—Brokerage Practices).
Other Compensation
We do not receive any undisclosed compensation from any third party in connection with
providing investment advice to you nor do we compensate any individual or firm for client
referrals. Please refer to the Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations section for
additional disclosures related to compensation received from TPA's.
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Item 15 - Custody
Custody, as it applies to investment advisors, has been defined by regulators as having
access or control over client funds and/or securities. In other words, custody is not limited
to physically holding client funds and securities. If an investment advisor has the ability
to access or control client funds or securities, the investment advisor is deemed to have
custody and must ensure proper procedures are implemented.
LBIC does not accept or maintain physical custody of any Client accounts; however, the
firm is deemed to have "constructive" custody of our advisory accounts because our clients
have provided consent to have their accounts directly debited for the payment of advisory
fees. All Clients assets are held at an independent qualified custodian.
You will receive account statements from the qualified custodian(s) holding your funds
and securities at least quarterly. The account statements from your custodian(s) will
indicate the amount of our advisory fees deducted from your account(s) each billing period.
You should carefully review account statements for accuracy.
Standing Letters of Authorization
With respect to third party standing letters of authorization ("SLOA"), where a client may
grant LBIC the authority to direct custodians to disburse funds to one or more third party
accounts, we are deemed to have limited custody. However, we are not required to comply
with the surprise examination requirement of the Custody Rule, if we are otherwise in
compliance with the seven representations noted in the no-action letter issued by the SEC
on February 21, 2017, (the "SEC no-action letter").
Pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2 (the "Custody Rule"), we have taken steps to have controls and
oversight in place to support the SEC no-action letter. Where the Adviser acts pursuant to
a SLOA, we believe we are making a good faith effort to comply with the representations
noted in the SEC's no-action letter. Additionally, since many of those representations
involve the qualified custodian’s operations, we will collaborate closely with our
custodians to ensure that the representations are being met.
Further, as our primary custodian Schwab identifies any account that is not identically
registered, we have taken the position to reflect Schwab’s conservative reporting for any
accounts which are not “like-to-like” which may reflect accounts from the client to their
shared bank account as being reported as “Third-Party”.
Private Funds
Further, As Managing Member of a private investment partnership (Groton Partners, LLC,
a real estate partnership), LBIC is deemed to have custody of their funds and securities,
although all partnership funds and securities are held at Academy Bank in Scottsdale AZ.
Investors receive annual partnership financial statements that are audited by independent
certified public accounting firms. In addition, partnership investors receive prepared
financial statements quarterly by a separate independent certified public accounting firm.
Item 16 - Investment Discretion
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LBIC has discretion over the selection and amounts of securities to be bought or sold in
Client accounts without obtaining prior consent or approval from the Client. However,
these purchases or sales may be subject to specified investment objectives, guidelines, or
limitations previously set forth by the Client and agreed to by LBIC. The granting of such
authority will be evidenced by the Client’s execution of an investment management
services agreement containing all applicable limitations to such authority. All discretionary
trades made by LBIC will be in accordance with each Client’s investment objectives and
goals.
If you enter into non-discretionary arrangements with our firm, we will obtain your
approval prior to the execution of any transactions for your account(s). You have an
unrestricted right to decline to implement any advice provided by our firm on a non-
discretionary basis.
Item 17 - Voting Client Securities
Clients will receive proxy statements directly from the Custodian. LBIC does not accept
proxy-voting responsibility for any Client but will assist in answering questions relating to
proxies. However, the Client retains the sole responsibility for proxy decisions and voting.
You will receive proxies or other similar solicitations directly from your selected custodian
or transfer agent. Feel free to call us with any questions.
Further, LBIC will have no power, authority, responsibility, or obligation to take any action
with regard to any claim or potential claim in any bankruptcy proceeding, class action
securities litigation or other litigation or proceeding relating to securities held at any time
in a client account, including, without limitation, to file proofs of claim or other documents
related to such proceeding, or to investigate, initiate, supervise or monitor class action or
other litigation involving client assets.
Item 18 - Financial Information
We do not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months
or more in advance. Therefore, we are not required to include a balance sheet for our most
recent fiscal year. We are not subject to a financial condition that is reasonably likely to
impair our ability to meet contractual commitments to clients. Finally, we have not been
the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time.
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